一种新型上部结构的客车侧翻安全性分析

以某传统"五大片"式客车车身上部结构为基础,设计一种新型整体式"U"型梁客车车身上部结构.根据ECE R66法规要求,建立了2种车身上部结构方案的整车侧翻有限元模型.对客车车身局部骨架刚度试验进行模拟分析,检验了模拟计算的可靠性.采用显式非线性有限元求解器LS_DYNA对客车侧翻过程进行模拟分析.利用ADAMS软件计算出客车侧翻撞击地面时的线速度和角速度,作为侧翻模拟分析的初始条件.研究结果表明,两种车身上部结构方案的客车都能满足ECE R66法规关于乘员生存空间的要求;与传统"五大片"式客车相比,整体式"U"型梁客车车身上部结构将更多的碰撞能量传递给顶盖骨架和非碰撞侧侧围骨架,使得碰撞侧侧围骨架吸能减少,侧窗立柱的变形量减小,提高了客车的侧翻安全性.     

客车侧翻碰撞中安全带对乘员损伤的影响分析

参照欧洲ECE R66法规要求,建立客车侧翻仿真模型及其乘员约束系统模型。利用LS_DYNA软件对客车侧翻碰撞试验和客车座椅动态试验进行模拟分析,并与试验结果进行对比,结果表明,有限元模型具有较高的精度。将4个HybridⅢ50%男性假人模型放置在客车最薄弱的车身段座椅上。对客车侧翻过程中,3种约束条件(无安全带、两点式安全带和三点式安全带)的乘员损伤情况进行分析。研究结果表明:无安全带约束时,假人头部和颈部将受到严重损害;两点式安全带和三点式安全带对于所有假人颈部及胸部的保护效果相近;两点式安全带能有效降低大部分假人的头部损伤风险,但碰撞侧外侧假人头部损伤值仍较高。     

基于梯度强度立柱的客车侧翻安全性多目标优化设计

提出一种新型梯度强度立柱结构,使侧翻时客车立柱不同位置的强度与受力匹配.对梯度立柱分析表明:新型梯度强度立柱结构明显提高了客车侧翻安全性能.结合最优拉丁方实验设计和径向基近似技术,构建了设计响应的高精度近似模型,并采用多目标遗传算法对其寻优.优化结果表明:通过对梯度强度立柱结构的强度与壁厚的合理匹配,不仅使得客车的侧翻安全性得到较大的改善,而且达到了客车轻量化设计的目的.     

基于Kriging模型的大客车侧翻安全性多目标优化

建立某型客车的有限元模型,依据ECE R66法规对客车侧翻安全性进行了多目标优化.根据侧翻仿真结果,选取客车上部结构关键零件截面形状为变量,以最大质心加速度和质量为目标,以侧围立柱与地板间夹角θ为约束条件,并结合最优拉丁方试验设计法生成了高精度的Kriging模型.利用NSGA(non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm)-II算法对大客车侧翻安全性进行了多目标优化并得到了Pareto最优解集.优化结果表明利用截面形状优化法可以在质量增加较小的条件下提高整车的侧翻安全性能.     

基于改进OBB包围盒的碰撞检测算法

针对车铣复合数控加工仿真碰撞检测精确度低的问题,提出了一种基于改进OBB包围盒的快速碰撞检测算法.该算法基于改进的OBB包围盒算法,利用车铣复合加工仿真碰撞检测的结果,创建碰撞单元组的包围盒及层次包围盒树;通过粗检阶段计算出包围盒树的相交节点集合,计算得到发生碰撞的三角形面片集合;应用回退技术,解得初始碰撞时间及位置.实例验证结果表明,该算法有效提高了车铣复合数控加工碰撞检测的精确度.     

一种基于核心节点扩展的社区挖掘算法

在充分考虑网络中节点间的连接关系和节点的影响力的基础上,提出一种基于核心节点扩展的社区挖掘算法。算法分为三个阶段:首先,网络中的前k个核心节点逐层向外扩展,直至覆盖网络中大部分节点,各核心节点与其多层邻居节点组成候选初始社区;然后,对候选初始社区进行重叠处理,计算候选初始社区两两之间的重叠度,将重叠度高于阈值的两个社区中相对小的社区删掉,形成初始社区;最后,计算初始社区间的重叠节点和不在初始社区中的节点到各个初始社区的连接度,将连接度最大的节点加入相应社区,不断迭代,直到网络中所有节点都划入到相应社区内,形成最终社区结构。试验结果说明了本文方法的有效性和灵活性,相比GN算法和FN算法,能够实现准确的网络划分;相比Hub算法和Top Leaders算法,由于对候选初始社区间进行了重叠处理,对预置的社区数量k在一定范围内不敏感。     

客车半主动悬架防侧翻模糊滑模控制

为了提高客车的防侧翻能力,建立了4自由度的客车整车动力学模型,并以此为基础设计了半主动悬架防侧翻控制器,提出了一种基于半主动悬架的模糊滑模控制策略.在MATLAB/SIMULINK环境下进行了仿真计算,仿真结果表明:采用所提出的模糊滑模控制策略,可以有效地降低汽车非直线行驶时的侧倾角以及侧倾角速度,提高汽车的侧翻稳定性,降低汽车侧翻事故发生可能性.     

膜结构褶皱有限元分析

借助Fortran程序语言,对膜单元采用三节点九自由度的空间三角形单元,考虑初始预应力形成切线刚度矩阵,对膜结构进行几何非线性分析.依据张力场理论,针对膜材不抗压的特点,改进褶皱区域单元的本构关系矩阵,修改单元刚度矩阵,给出单元出现褶皱情况.验算平面矩形膜弯曲模型,说明了程序的可靠性.     

基于主动转向与差动制动最优控制客车侧翻研究

客车载客量大、重心高,在高速转弯行驶工况下易发生翻车事故,客车防侧翻控制研究对提高其行驶安全性有着重要的现实意义.在建立客车整车多自由度系统模型、理想二自由度以及Dugoff非线性轮胎模型的基础上,利用横向载荷转移率作为侧翻危险状况的评价指标,基于差动制动和主动转向两种控制技术的防侧翻控制机理设计模糊控制器,通过叠加转角与各个车轮不同的制动力矩的共同作用,对客车进行快速有效的防侧翻控制.利用Matlab/Simulink软件建立最优控制力矩防侧翻控制系统仿真模型,分别针对不同附着系数路面、客车满载工况进行相关仿真.结果表明,该控制系统方案可行,可对大客车侧翻危险状况进行有效控制.     

基于多体动力学的微型客车急转弯侧翻倾向性仿真

微型客车的侧翻事故虽不高,但是伤亡率很高。该文以一款微型客车为基础,建立了多体动力学模型,进行了急转弯稳定性虚拟试验。通过J-turn试验和鱼钩试验(fishhook)分析了方向盘转角与客车侧向加速度、轮胎垂直反力的关系,探讨了侧翻倾向性,估测出在这两种试验条件下微型客车急转弯不侧翻的侧向加速度不宜超过1.0g。通过单因素的仿真试验,揭示了客车结构参数、行驶参数及外部工况对微型客车侧翻倾向性的影响,表明路面附着系数对侧翻倾向性影响最为明显,其他参数也有较大的影响。该研究结果对于微型客车设计改进、风险预测和减少交通事故的发生具有科学意义。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has