提升管内多股交叉射流的数值模拟

在内径为186 mm的提升管冷模装置上,对单个及两个喷口横截面为40 mm×10 mm的矩形喷嘴,采用k-ε双方程湍动模型,通过对喷嘴出口边界条件的修正,进行了气相流动的数值模拟。射流气速为41.67 m/s,提升管底部来流气速为7.16 m/s。模拟结果显示,射流影响区约在喷嘴上方1.4 m处结束,根据射流流体在提升管内的流动形态,沿轴向可将其分为核心区,偏折区和发展区;射流的外轮廓为瓮形。模拟结果与实验结果相吻合。     

提升管变径段气固两相流动状况

采用数值模拟的方法对两段提升管催化裂解多产丙烯催化裂化装置提升管反应器下半部的流动状况进行研究.计算结果表明,提升管反应器下部催化剂呈现比较明显的非均匀性,催化剂主要靠近反应器边壁附近分布.由于油气喷入反应器后形成射流区,对油气与催化剂之间的充分接触产生一定影响.经下部喷嘴进入反应器的油气在反应器中存在明显的返混.提升管反应器的下半段,气固两相的非理想流动较为明显.气固两相流动状况的数值模拟为反应器及操作条件优化提供了重要依据.     

液液射流装置的搅拌混合效果

以活性污泥、消化污泥为研究对象,分析液液射流搅拌装置对这两种污泥在搅拌槽内混合效果;同时利用计算流体力学软件ANSYS Fluent 15.0模拟了在入射压力为226 043 Pa工况下,射流搅拌装置的工作性能。该入射压力下,液液喷嘴泵送活性污泥时入射流量314.57 m~3/h,入射速度为3.37 m/s,消化污泥入射流量为312.05 m~3/h,入射速度为3.20 m/s。模拟结果表明在液液喷嘴内部搅拌混合效果不受流体性质的影响,均得到很好的搅拌混合;但在搅拌槽内活性污泥的搅拌混合效果明显优于消化污泥,搅拌槽内活性污泥流速方差加权平均值f为144.24,死区的体积分数φ为13.33%,平均流速为0.108 2 m/s,消化污泥在搅拌槽内的平均流速为0.031 8 m/s。     

超高压乳化喷嘴数值模拟结果的理论分析

采用流体模拟软件,对乳化喷嘴在300 MPa下以水为介质进行模拟分析,得到了引流区、碰撞区、射流区的速度、剪切应力和湍动能分布规律图.模拟结果揭示了3个区域流体流动的基本特征;阐明了每个区域的主要细化机理.对模拟结果进行了理论分析,得出模拟结果和理论分析具有一致性,为喷嘴结构的设计提供了理论依据.     

基于流体喷射原理的室内空间自然换气研究

针对目前室内空间换气技术的不足,提出了一种新型的射流泵,对室内空间进行自然换气,并以2.2 m/s的风速为例,采用FLUENT数值模拟,来研究射流泵在室内空间自然换气的可行性.得到了喷射器的压力和速度分布图.直观地了解射流泵内部的流体流动方式和过程,并用实验进行比对.证明数值模拟的正确性,同时也证明了射流泵对室内自然换气的可行性.     

自推进喷嘴井筒内流场数值模拟

以深穿透水平钻孔自推进喷嘴为模拟对象,根据模型和实测井眼建立流场模型,采用标准k-ε双方程模型,对不同后喷孔布置下的自推进喷嘴井筒内流场进行数值模拟。研究结果表明:井筒内,由于后喷孔射流的抽吸作用,2个相邻射流之间会形成一个漩涡区,该漩涡由其发生位置的不同,可对井底返流形成阻碍或卷吸加速作用;后喷孔射流本身对井底返流有加速携带作用;沿井筒径向,漩涡区速度由井壁向喷嘴处逐渐增大,这将加剧喷嘴和高压软管的冲蚀;将后喷孔由3个均布改为6个均布,改进后喷嘴射流形成的漩涡区面积只为改进前的25%,且漩涡区速度降低最多达6 m/s,充分发挥了射流本身和漩涡区的特点,可有效提高自推进喷嘴流场的携岩效率,延长其使用寿命。     

铝药型罩环形聚能射流的数值模拟

基于一种药型罩材料为铝的环形聚能装药结构,通过Autodyn软件模拟不同起爆方式（起爆环直径D₁）和不同长径比（L/D）的装药,计算得到环形射流的成型过程和速度分布曲线.分析数值模拟结果发现:环形射流成型过程主要受长径比影响,长径比较小时射流发生内偏,长径比较大时射流发生外偏;射流轴向速度主要受长径比影响,长径比越大轴向速度越大,头部轴向速度最大相差约700 m/s;射流径向速度主要受起爆方式影响,平均径向速度最大相差为220 m/s,起爆环直径和长径比在较小或较大时,射流径向速度梯度较大;结合射流成型和速度结果,D₁=0.5D、L/D=1.0时射流综合性能较好.侵彻混凝土板试验的通孔直径为装药直径的2.6倍,数值模拟结果与试验结果误差为7.7%,验证了计算模型及算法的合理性.      

多股受限撞击射流井底压力特征的数值模拟

应用大涡模拟方法，对不同的喷嘴尺寸、个数和喷嘴组合条件下井底多股受限撞击射流的流动特性进行了数值模拟．对模拟结果的分析研究表明，多股撞击射流的井底压力分布存在低压区、高压区和中等压力区三个区域．高压区为射流撞击区，低压区为漫流区，中等压力区为射流相互干扰区．在喷嘴出口总面积相同的条件下，保持中心喷嘴直径大于或等于边喷嘴直径，井底压力的分布对清岩和破岩更为有利     

多股受限撞击射流井底压力特征的数值模拟

应用大涡模拟方法，对不同的喷嘴尺寸、个数和喷嘴组合条件下井底多股受限撞击射流的流动特性进行了数值模拟。对模拟结果的分析研究表明，多股撞击射流的井底压力分布存在低压区、高压区和中等压力区三个区域。高压区为射流撞击区，低压区为漫流区，中等压力区为射流相互干扰区。在喷嘴出口总面积相同的条件下，保持中心喷嘴直径大于或等于边喷嘴直径，井底压力的分布对清岩和破岩更为有利。     

基于Fluent的拉瓦尔喷嘴雾化特性数值模拟

为进一步探索拉瓦尔喷嘴的流动特性,采用基于有限元与VOF相互结合方法对拉瓦尔喷嘴内外流场进行数值模拟。从计算结果中得到了喷嘴内外气液两相分布及速度分布规律,并对其流场的结构和形态进行分析。利用数值模拟对雾滴粒径分析表明,当喷嘴进口与出口面积之比为3∶1时,进水孔水流速度为22 m/s喷嘴综合雾化效果最好。研究结果对喷嘴结构设计以及井下除尘具有一定的参考价值。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that