栗绛蚧防治及主要天敌保护利用策略

栗绛蚧 Kemes roboris(Fourcroy)谷称板栗球坚蚧 ,呈间歇性暴发成灾 ,它以若蚧和雌成蚧群集固定在 1～ 2年生板栗枝条上刺吸汁液为害 ,致使枝干枯死、树势衰退、板栗减产甚至绝收 ,是板栗生产上的主要害虫之一。对栗绛蚧防治药剂、主要天敌种类、发生期、控制作用等进行调查观察试验研究。1.防治栗绛蚧药剂试验 :用 10 %吡虫啉 WP、4 0 %速扑杀 EC、4 0 %氧化乐果 EC、2 0 %快杀灵 EC10 0 0、2 0 0 0、30 0 0倍喷雾防治初孵若蚧效果均达 10 0 % ,防治越冬若蚧效果分别为 92 .2 2～ 90 .5 % ,93.8～ 89.7%、86 .9～ 71.6 %、4 1～ 2 7% .2 .主要天敌种类及控制作用 :在捕食性天敌中 ,黑缘红瓢虫为优势种群 ,对栗绛蚧捕食率为 2 2 .2～ 30 %。寄生性天敌中以寄生蜂类占优势 ,其中以中国花角跳小蜂、胶虫红眼啮小蜂、白腊虫花翅跳小蜂、跳小蜂为优势种群。据采集雄绛蚧茧蛹 12 5 8头、雌绛蚧 10 34头培养观察结果 ,平均雄蚧寄生率为 2 1.6 2 % ,雌蚧寄生率为 9.97%。3.寄生蜂发生期与寄主雄成蚧羽化期及雌成蚧卵孵化期的观察 :雄绛蚧羽化期为 3月 2 5日至 4月 11日 ,高峰期为 3月 30日至 4月 7日。寄生雄蚧两种跳小蜂的羽化期为 3月 15日至 4月 11日 ,高峰期为 3月30日至 4月 7日 ,与寄主雄成蚧羽化高峰非     

松突圆蚧发育起点温度和有效积温的测定及其应用

采用恒温培养与林间观察相结合的方法对松突圆蚧发育的起点温度和有效积温进行测定,结果表明:松突圆蚧各虫期的发育起点温度分别为1龄若虫(6.99±0.23)℃,2龄若虫(8.74±1.06)℃,蛹期(13.08±1.56)℃,雌成虫期(9.44±1.22)℃,整个生活史(10.47±1.03)℃;有效积温分别为1龄若虫208.30℃.d,2龄若虫200.23℃.d,蛹期77.61℃.d,雌成虫期477.80℃.d,整个生活史810.87℃.d。用有效积温法估测松突圆蚧在福建省各县(市、区)和广东部分地区可能发生的世代数,估测值与实际年发生世代数基本相符,可作为松突圆蚧监测预警和防治决策的依据。     

竹拟白须盾蚧的研究

<正>本文对危害毛竹杆部的重要竹蚧——拟白须盾蚧孤雌生殖型的形态、分布、寄主、危害、生物学特性及防治等作了较全面的研究。该虫分布于安徽、江苏、浙江等省。一年发生两代,以雌成虫越冬。第一与第二代雌成虫出现时间分别为7月初和9月中旬。两代产卵和孵化盛期基本一致,分别在6月中旬和8月上、中旬。卵量7～94粒。每代卵的平均孵化率,分别是92％和87.7％。11月下旬开始越冬。主要天敌有跳小蜂、红点唇瓢虫、和寡节瓢虫。药剂防治用50％马拉硫磷和25％亚胺硫磷乳剂1:1000倍液喷雾,有85％以上的杀虫效果。     

1—丙氨基—1—糠硫基甲烷的合成研究

以α－氯甲基丙基醚分别和糠硫醇钠,糠硫醇反应,投料摩尔比均为、1．2：1,合成了1－丙氧基－1－糠硫基甲烷,前者在76℃下乙醇溶液下反应1h,产品质量分数为98．3％,产率为28．5％;后者在30－35℃下二氯甲烷溶液中反应1h,产品质量分数为93．2％,产率为84．1％,前种方法收集到的产品纯度高,而后种方法收集到的产品产率高,操作更加简单。     

寄主与非寄主植物的气味对草履蚧行为的影响

为获得可应用于林间生物防治草履蚧Drosicha corpulenta(Kuwana)最佳的植物材料,采用Y型嗅觉仪测定了草履蚧若虫和雌成虫分别对12种寄主植物和6种非寄主植物的趋性反应,并采用蜜露显色法测定了4种驱避作用较强的非寄主植物的乙醇提取液对草履蚧蜜露排泄量的影响。结果显示,草履蚧若虫和雌成虫对寄主植物柿树、枣树、杨树的气味均表现出显著的正趋性,其中柿树对若虫和雌成虫的引诱率分别为68.9%和74.7%,诱集效果达到极显著水平;而对非寄主植物花椒、臭椿、薄荷、连翘的挥发物及上述4种植物的乙醇提取液表现出显著的负趋性,这些植物的挥发物和提取液对草履蚧具有显著的驱避作用,而榆叶梅植株挥发物仅对雌成虫具有显著驱避作用;拒食作用测定发现,经臭椿和花椒乙醇提取液处理的枝条,草履蚧若虫的蜜露排泄量分别减少了70.6%和70.1%,雌成虫的减少了80.5%和72.4%,减少量均达到极显著水平。由此得出,柿树气味对草履蚧若虫和雌成虫均具有极显著的引诱作用,花椒和臭椿对草履蚧若虫和雌成虫具有极显著的驱避作用。因此,可以考虑在柿园间作花椒或臭椿模式对草履蚧进行生物防治。     

抚顺地区白蜡蚧的生物学特性及综合防治技术

水腊的虫害白蜡蚧在抚顺地区较为常见,被誉为水腊的＂癌症＂,较难防治。通过几年来对其生物学特性的深入了解,发现白蜡蚧的雌成虫膨大时期与2龄若虫定杆初期,是消杀白蜡蚧的最佳时期,为经济有效的防治白蜡蚧提供科学的参考依据。     

利用松焦油制成新农药——灭蚧

在毛主席革命路线指引下,龙泉林化厂遵照毛主席“坚决把工业部门的工作转移到以农业为基础的轨道上来”和“综合利用大有文章可做”的教导,针对我省柑桔生产防治蚧类害虫用的松碱合剂原料不足的矛盾,自一九七三年开始坚持自力更生,土法上马,利用松焦油为主要原料,试制成新农药——灭蚧。三年来,试制成十几吨产品供黄岩、临海、巨县、兰溪等柑桔产区,以防治红腊蚧为主的田间药效试验。通过反复实践,不断改进配方和药效测定,取得良好效果。灭蚧对防治柑桔红腊蚧等蚧类害虫,都有良好效果,特别是防治一、二龄红腊蚧的效果     

厚朴害虫藤壶蚧生物学与发生规律研究

为了摸清厚朴藤壶蚧生物学特性和发生规律,并寻找简便、经济、安全、有效的防治方法.采用标准株观察法和室内饲养法,研究其生物学特性和主要天敌的控害效果.采用标准地法研究不同栽培模式下藤壶蚧的危害程度.结果表明,藤壶蚧在恩施1 a发生1代,以受精雌成虫在枝干上越冬.主要天敌昆虫为寄生蜂类,该类寄生性天敌对藤壶蚧的发生有一定的控制作用.藤壶蚧的发生量与林分构成和自然环境有着密切的关系,厚朴与其它林木混交栽培的有虫株率远低于纯林、林作套种和林药套种等栽培模式.     

不同温度对水葫芦渣干发酵产气潜力的影响

以水葫芦渣为原料,分别在常温与恒温(30℃)下进行产气潜力的实验研究,探究两种不同温度下的产气情况和水力滞留时间,为其以后的工程利用提供基础.结果表明,在恒温(30℃)和常温下,干发酵实验共进行了38d,其产气潜力分别为75mL/g TS、87mL/g VS和54mL/g TS、62mL/g VS;按总产气量的80%设计,在干发酵工程工艺中,常温和恒温下的水力滞留时间可分别设计为28d和25d.     

茶树和桉树精油杀虫剂对扶桑绵粉蚧的毒力测定

为减少化学农药的使用,寻找防治刺吸式害虫的高效、低毒的植物源杀虫剂,采用微量点滴法测定了不同的茶树、桉树精油复配的杀虫剂对扶桑绵粉蚧(Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley)若虫和成虫的毒力.结果表明:2种不同的茶树、桉树精油复配杀虫剂对扶桑绵粉蚧3龄若虫的致死中量LD50分别为2.860×10-4和3.015×10-4μL,毒杀效果较好;但不同复配杀虫剂对扶桑绵粉蚧成虫的毒杀效果均不明显.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with