基于混合像元分解的遥感图像融合实用算法

传统的图像融合算法,如IHS变换、合成变量比、主成分替换等方法所得到的融合图像通常存在不同程度的光谱扭曲现象.一种基于混合像元分解的图像融合算法(FSMA)可以很好地保持图像的光谱信息,但该算法仅在以终端端元为先验知识的模拟数据中得到了成功的应用.分析表明,由于全色波段与多光谱波段光谱响应函数不同以及多光谱波段通常不能覆盖整个全色范围,原有的FSMA算法并不能直接应用到真实遥感数据中.文中提出了一种改进的基于混合像元分解的图像融合算法(IFSMA).该算法通过重构原有算法中优化问题的目标函数,降低了对利用多光谱数据模拟全色波段亮度值的难度,使得基于混合像元分解的图像融合算法可以推广应用到真实遥感数据中.实验结果表明,IFSMA算法在光谱信息和空间信息的保持方面均优于IHS变换、合成变量比、主成分替换以及原有的FSMA等算法.     

一步法制备核壳结构的碳纳米管

采用微波辅助多元醇还原法一步制备了纳米镍和包覆镍的多壁碳纳米管.利用拉曼光谱仪、透射电子显微镜、X 射线衍射仪和振动样品磁强计等测试手段对产物的拉曼光谱、形貌、物相和磁性进行分析. 结果表明, 当有黑色悬浮物镍出现, 继续反应, 由于镍金属的微波涡流效应产生的电火花, 可合成碳纳米管. 研究发现, 所制备的碳纳米管是多壁的, 管径约为18~20 nm. 该镍/碳纳米管核壳结构的磁滞回线有别于单一的纳米镍.     

改进的多方向融合图像插值算法

为了解决数字图像插值过程中出现的边缘模糊和锯齿现象,提出一种改进的多方向融合图像插值算法.该算法将图像分为平坦区域和边缘区域,平坦区域采用双线性插值算法进行插值,边缘区域采用多方向融合算法进行插值.实验结果表明,该算法运算复杂度小,其结果在主观视觉效果和客观指标方面都有很大的改善,且适用于任意倍数的插值放大.     

基于二通道不可分小波的多光谱图像融合

提出了一种伸缩矩阵为[1,1;1,-1]的二通道不可分小波滤波器组的构造方法,并把它应用于多光谱图像与高分辨图像的融合中．设计出多组不可分4×4小波滤波器组,并提出了一种基于该类小波的多光谱图像融合算法．利用所设计滤波器分别对多光谱图像的亮度分量和全色图像作多尺度小波分解,选取参数对分解后的低频分量进行调节融合．实验结果表明,该方法能较好地保持多光谱信息和高分辨率信息,其保持光谱信息的能力和保持高分辨率信息的能力比基于张量积离散小波帧变换（DWFT）的融合方法和基于改进的IHS变换的融合方法都强,当t值较大时,融合结果图像含有较丰富的光谱信息．与基于4个通道小波的图像融合方法相比,该方法可节约一半的运算量．     

基于Bayes线性估计的遥感图像融合

将Bayes线性估计应用于不同分辨率遥感图像的观测模型中，提出了一种新的基于统计参数估计的遥感图像融合方法．该方法对于金色波段图像和待估计的多光谱图像的联合分布不做任何假设，只需要估计高分辨率多光谱图像的均值和协方差以提高算法的鲁棒性．另外，文中的方法能够提高多光谱图像的多个主成分的分辨率，而传统的主成分变换方法只限于提高第一主成分的分辨率．实际的Landsat ETM＋的全色波段图像和多光谱图像的融合实验结果表明，所提议方法的性能优于其他基于统计参数估计的方法和基于主成分变换的融合方法以及基于小波变换的融合方法．     

基于压缩感知思想的图像分块压缩与重构方法

压缩感知理论在数据获取、数据存储/传输、数据分析和处理方面有很大优势,成为近年来的研究热点.考虑到大多数图像信号信息分布有差异,编码端,在对图像分块的基础上,融合熵估计和边缘检测方法计算各图像块的信息含量,再从两个不同的角度进行分类采样:依据信息量多少将图像块分为平滑、过渡和纹理3类,使用不同的采样率采样;依据信息量的分布特征,采用不同的采样率分配策略进行采样.在解码端,根据不同类型的图像块构造不同的线性算子进行重构,再运用改进的迭代阈值算法去除块效应和噪声.实验证明,算法在提升图像重构质量的同时缩短了重构时间,并且对纹理边缘多的图像的重构效果较其他方法理想.     

遗传算法与最小元素法相结合在物流中心选址中的应用

针对单一品种货物的物流中心的选址问题，采用一种将单亲遗传算法与最小元素法相结合的方法来处理此类问题，并且对遗传算法做了相应的改进，为了避免遗传算法的“早熟”现象，提高收敛速度，采用优化初始种群，自动调整交叉率和变异率的方法。采用这种混合算法的好处是削弱遗传算法的随机性，加快收敛，使算法的效率得到了提高。     

一种基于改进SVA的SAR旁瓣抑制算法

针对现有的Spatially Variant Apodization(SVA)算法不能有效抑制旁瓣或损失主瓣能量的问题,该文提出了一种改进的SVA算法.该算法把传统的滤波器从3点扩展到5点,并且根据采样率的不同,设定相应的滤波器参数,得到满足约束优化理论的最优解.改进的SVA算法能够与合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)成像算法相结合,在距离压缩和方位压缩中,分别利用改进的SVA算法来抑制旁瓣.该算法适用于任意奈奎斯特采样率,既能有效地抑制旁瓣,又能保持主瓣的能量和信号的高分辨率.实验结果表明,与传统的频域加窗方法相比,该方法能够在保持图像高分辨率的前提下,更有效地抑制旁瓣.     

基于等离子体X射线多通道弯晶谱仪的设计与研究

为诊断0.165～0.775 nm和0.014～0.165 nm范围的软硬X射线,研制了一台多通道(四个反射通道和一个透射通道)柱面晶体谱仪.利用光电检测单元获得了由Qz、LiF和Ge制成的多种不同晶体取向弯晶衍射等离子X射线谱相.谱仪采用离线标定和在线复位技术,可降低由于光源不准引起的光谱偏差,已应用在激光装置的诊断实验上,达到了惯性约束核聚变(ICF)实验要求.     

一种基于PIO改进强化学习的航天器复杂多约束姿态机动规划新方法

本文针对多个姿态约束条件下的航天器姿态机动规划问题进行了研究,提出了一种基于鸽群算法的改进的策略梯度强化学习算法(PIOPGRL).首先,针对强制指向约束和禁止指向约束,建立了基于角度的姿态约束模型,根据约束模型建立了强化学习的回报函数.然后,使用适应度函数替代策略评价函数,将鸽群算法与强化学习相融合.针对策略梯度强化学习算法计算量大、收敛速度慢的问题,使用鸽群算法求解策略梯度,极大减少了计算量.仿真结果表明,相比于策略梯度强化学习算法,基于自PIO改进强化学习的航天器姿态机动规划算法(PIOPGRL)在极大减少计算量的同时,有更优的规划结果,更小的机动代价,适用于微小航天器解决多个姿态约束条件下的姿态机动规划问题.     

一种基于边缘检测的小波包非对称分解在图像编码中的应用

图像的像素点的值分布并不是均匀的，而是集中地分布在一些区间之内。小波包分解是将频带等分为2j个新的子带，但很多子带里只有少数无用的孤立点；而在像素点集中的子带里，如果要进行更细的分解，将使子带数量呈指数级数增长。本文提出一种方法先对图像进行边缘检测，得到边缘与非边缘部分。对于像素点集中的几个部分，再分别对这几个部分定义不同的细度并采用小波包非对称分解再进行进一步细分，对于少数无关紧要的孤立点则舍弃。这样既保持了图像的有效信息，又能极大地减小图像编码的冗余度。     

Cone monochromacy and a reversed Purkinje shift in the gerbil

Retinal spectral sensitivity of the gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) shows that this animal has a unique photoreceptor complement: there is only a single class of cone and the spectrum for these receptors is peak shifted toward the short wavelengths relative to the spectra obtained from rods.     

Quantitative analysis of absorption spectra and application to the characterization of ligand binding curves

Summary The spectrum of a chromophore may change as a result of perturbations in its environment. The spectral changes resulting from the perturbation are often followed by measurements at just one or two wavelengths but it is usually no more difficult to collect entire spectra. The problem comes in analysing the data from such a series of spectra. In this paper we will suggest a simple procedure in which the spectrum observed under any particular set of conditions may be considered to consist of the sum of two distinct spectral forms. The method, which is free of any assumptions regarding the quantitative relationship between the perturbation and the extent of spectral change, defines any given spectrum in terms of an apparent molar fraction of the contributing spectral forms. The variation of this apparent molar fraction provides information from which a quantitative relationship can be developed to describe the dependence of the spectral change on the perturbant. The method is illustrated using the model system of phenol red protonation and is applied to the characterization of the binding of azide ions to cobalt-substituted carbonic anhydrase.     

Quantitative analysis of absorption spectra and application to the characterization of ligand binding curves

The spectrum of a chromophore may change as a result of perturbations in its environment. The spectral changes resulting from the perturbation are often followed by measurements at just one or two wavelengths but it is usually no more difficult to collect entire spectra. The problem comes in analysing the data from such a series of spectra. In this paper we will suggest a simple procedure in which the spectrum observed under any particular set of conditions may be considered to consist of the sum of two distinct spectral forms. The method, which is free of any assumptions regarding the quantitative relationship between the perturbation and the extent of spectral change, defines any given spectrum in terms of an apparent molar fraction of the contributing spectral forms. The variation of this apparent molar fraction provides information from which a quantitative relationship can be developed to describe the dependence of the spectral change on the perturbant. The method is illustrated using the model system of phenol red protonation and is applied to the characterization of the binding of azide ions to cobalt-substituted carbonic anhydrase.     

Cone monochromacy and a reversed Purkinje shift in the gerbil

Summary Retinal spectral sensitivity of the gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) shows that this animal has a unique photoreceptor complement: there is only a single class of cone and the spectrum for these receptors is peak shifted toward the short wavelengths relative to the spectra obtained from rods.     

高速铁路无砟轨道不平顺谱

研究提出了我国高速铁路无砟轨道不平顺谱的计算方法、轨道不平顺谱拟合公式及轨道不平顺谱图.为提高轨道不平顺谱的计算精度,研究提出了基于线性插值和小波分析方法的轨道不平顺检测数据异常值和趋势向剔除算法.同时通过不同窗函数长度、不同窗函数和不同谱估计方法的轨道不平顺谱计算对比分析,确定了轨道不平顺谱的计算方法.利用高速综合检测列车检测数据计算确定了高速铁路无砟轨道不平顺谱及其拟合公式,并引入倍频能量表反映高速铁路无砟轨道周期结构的影响.由轨道不平顺谱拟合公式与倍频能量表共同构成的高速铁路无砟轨道不平顺谱,为高速铁路设计、评估和养护维修等提供了依据.     

Spektrale Phototaxis von Planktonrotatorien

Summary The spectral sensitivity of 3 species of planktonic Rotatoria (Asplanchna priodonta, Polyarthra remata, Filinia longiseta) were measured by means of the positive phototactic reaction.Asplanchna andPolyarthra both have a broad maximum sensitivity range around 540 nm and a near maximum at 440 nm. In the UV direction (to 360 nm) the spectral sensitivity increases. In contrast,Filinia has only a maximum of 460 nm in the visible spectrum, but behaves similarly to the other species in the UV region. The ecological significance of these results is discussed, as well as their bearing on a possible dermal light sense.     

Ruling Engines,Diffraction Gratings and Wavelength Measurements before the Rowland Era

Diffraction gratings have contributed enormously to modern science. Although some historians have written about them, there is much more to be brought to light. This paper discusses their development and use in the period up to about 1880 before Rowland began to produce them. Rittenhouse described the action of a diffraction grating in 1786, but no explanation was possible until the wave theory of light was developed. Fraunhofer discovered the dark lines in the solar spectrum in 1814, and then investigated diffraction, producing the first ruled gratings, making detailed measurements and calculating the wavelengths of prominent spectral lines. After Bunsen and Kirchhoff showed the association between spectral lines and chemical elements there was an upsurge of interest in measuring wavelengths. The gratings used in this work almost all came from one source, a relatively unknown instrument maker called Nobert, who made them by an extremely laborious process using a machine he had built himself. The most significant wavelength measurements were made by Ångström, but Mascart, Van der Willigen, Stefan, Ditscheiner and Cornu also did important work. Nobert gratings were investigated by Quincke, copied photographically by Rayleigh, and were known and discussed in the USA. Nobert's work helped to advance spectroscopy much more than has been acknowledged.     

分布式光纤传感信号特征提取方法研究

本文分析研究了分布式光纤传感信号的三种特征提取方法：MFCC参数特征提取法、小波包能量特征提取法和小波包Shannon熵特征提取法,并且用RBF神经网络分别进行了实验。实验识别结果表明,相比其他两种特征提取方法,小波包Shannon熵特征提取法能产生较好的识别结果。