智能制造企业创新关联网络结构对技术生态位的影响

以中国智能制造上市企业2015～2020年发明专利授权数为样本,运用社会网络分析方法揭示智能制造企业创新关联网络演化规律。通过回归分析,研究智能制造企业创新关联网络结构与技术生态位“态”和技术生态位“势”的关系。研究发现：智能制造企业创新关联网络关系显著,且关联趋向紧密。网络度数中心度与技术生态位“态”、技术生态位“势”均呈显著的倒U关系;关系强度与技术生态位“态”、技术生态位“势”均呈显著的倒U关系;结构洞与技术生态位“态”的关系呈正线性相关关系。智能制造企业起步阶段,政府要发挥政策引导作用,鼓励更多企业投入到智能制造企业相关领域,促进其创新关联网络的发展。在发展阶段,提高网络度数中心度、结构洞和关系强度,避免由于过于分散降低智能制造企业创新能力。在成熟阶段,剔除冗余联系,获取有效的网络资源,优化网络结构,进一步保证智能制造企业的创新能力。     

Auditing as the Dissolution of Corruption

This paper develops a new discourse of control. The new discourse rejects the view that control is achieved through inspections and information alone, and supports the view that effective control means self-control and effective communications, both being necessary conditions to enable organizations to perform well. In this discourse, corruption is taken to be, among other things, the outcome of fragmentation in communications. Therefore, a movement toward a recursive organization of the State is offered as a way to countering corruption. This discourse was developed during a project for Institutional Change and Strengthening implemented at the Contraloría General de la República (CGR), in Colombia from 1995 to 1998. As part of the discourse we offer a distinction among traditional auditing practices, second-order auditing, and integrated systemic auditing practices.     

Migration, Ethnicity and Privilege

Representation assumes that those who govern have knowledge of those for whom they govern. It is easy to presume knowledge of the “other”, but as we know this can be based in prejudice, cultural difference, or simply misinformation or simplification. Usually our explorations of this process have focused on populations identified as disadvantaged, disempowered or somehow “non-privileged”. However, the research process outlined here has revealed previously unexplored diversity within a population commonly described as privileged suggesting that good governance requires alertness to presuming to know both the unprivileged and the privileged. The research approach outlined in this paper has used a blend of historical reappraisal and qualitative techniques focusing on a population who have been conceptualized as doubly privileged. This population focus is that of older British; post World War II male migrants in South Australia. These people have been conceptualized as privileged because they are male, and they were part of the preferred ethnic group that Australian politicians and policy makers favoured post WW2. However, review of the historical data and qualitative interviews with some of these men show that the accepted narrative of a homogenous pre-WW2 British origin population is over simplistic. The historical research suggests that the presumption that post WW2 British migrant men were coming into an homogenous, privileging environment in migrating to SA is both ahistorical and crude. Furthermore the belief that post WW2 British migrant men were ethnically homogenous is undermined by the qualitative research, that reveals that their presumed homogeneity is much more fluid and nuanced than dominant conceptualisations have allowed. The impact of core ethnicities that continue to exist and compete in Britain, the social class focus and economic commodification of migrants in the machinations of powerful players in the state of South Australia all confound homogenizing, simplistic knowing of British migrant men in this state. Generically these findings caution social researchers with regard to presuming to know so called “privileged” populations as well as presumed non-privileged groups.     

Truth and openness: an epistemology for interpretive systemology

Both an ontoepistemology for reductionist modern science (counter-ontoepistemology) and an ontology for interpretive Systemology have been outlined in the two preceding papers in this special issue ofSystems Practice. In the present article, the notion of “truth” is interpreted in terms of both the ontoepistemology of “reductionism” and the ontology of interpretive systemology. Both interpretations are discussed. Such a discussion represents the objective of this paper, that is, to outline the epistemological “face” of the ontoepistemology of interpretive systemology. In order to design that “epistemological face,” the relation between ontology and epistemology must be clarified. Such a relation is seen from the standpoint already provided by the ontology. After the discussion on the notion of truth, the general shape of a systemic-interpretive inquiring process is outlined.     

资本市场开放与企业创新质量——基于中国企业重数量轻质量的“创新陷阱”视角

基于中国资本市场“沪深港通”这一准自然实验，结合不同竞争政策，研究“资本市场开放能否助力中国企业破解重数量轻质量的“创新陷阱”具有重要的学术价值和政策意义。研究发现：资本市场开放显著促进企业创新质量，表现为专利结构逐渐向高质量的发明专利偏移，以及专利引用率的提升，说明资本市场开放的确能够显著破解中国企业重数量轻质量的“创新陷阱”，上述研究结论经过系列稳健性测试后仍然成立。异质性检验发现：资本市场开放对创新质量的促进作用在竞争性行业、境外机构持股比例较高以及融资约束较大、风险承担水平更低的样本组中更显著。研究从“中国创新陷阱”破解视角证实资本市场开放以及反垄断政策的积极意义，为进一步提高资本市场开放程度以及“反垄断政策”提供理论支撑。     

Exploring Sustainable Development of Cultural Living Circles Through Action Research: The Case of Sanyi Township, Miaoli, Taiwan

A cultural living circle comprises a “living cultural space” with local characteristics established via interactions between resident daily behaviors and the surrounding environment. In studying the long-term promotion of a cultural living circle in Sanyi Woodcarving Village, Miaoli, Taiwan to explore the sustainable development of cultural living circle, the authors engaged in local community building to identify its dynamic composition through Action Research, and conducted a field study examining cultural living circles and main interaction networks through literature review and in-depth interviews. This study obtains three findings. First, cultural living circles are created through interactions among four main systems, educational, community, professional and administrative. Second, in the interaction network, a core “leading system” guides other “subservient systems” to establish a “core-satellite” model. Third, the role changing that occurs during cultural living circle development constructs a solid and flexible link that can realize sustainable development of cultural living circles.     

Power in organizations: A contingent,relational view

The concept of power is central to social inquiry, yet it is highly varied and enigmatic. There is a wide-ranging and competing variety of subjectivist, objectivist, and relational conceptions of power. The first part of the paper examines this problem in an exegetical but critical manner. The aim is to develop a critical conception of this social phenomenon. The second part of the paper seeks to probe the nature of three types of systems approach in terms of their underwriting assumptions about power in society. The intent is twofold: to uncover the ideologically suppressed truths about the noxious forms of power and to develop a penetrative understanding of how the mystified “truths” in ideological conceptions of power contain hidden meanings that have the critical potential for educative enlightenment, empowerment, and emancipation for systems theory and practice.     

从无序到有序——非线性是系统结构有序化的动力之源

科学史告诉我们,19世纪末物理学上空飘浮着两朵乌云,这就是否定以太存在的迈克尔逊一莫雷实验和热辐射理论中的紫外灾难。这两朵乌云导致了20世纪上半叶两次伟大的科学革命一相对论和量子力学的诞生。实际上,当时物理学上空还飘浮着第三朵乌云,它隐含着更严重的问题,那就是从热力学第二定律推出的“热寂说”——宇宙自发地走向无序,最后归于死寂。本文从“序”的概念出发,分析了有序与对称性破缺的关系以及有序与无序的辩证统一,强调指出非线性是系统结构有序化的动力之源,是宇宙演化发展的终极原因。     

Foucault's interpretive analytics of power 1,2

In this paper an interpretation of Foucault's work on power is presented. One aim is to introduce this aspect of Foucault's work to the emerging debate on Critical Systems Thinking. Another goal is to clarify how Foucauldian discourse about power can be framed within the notion of “interpretive analytics” (a term that describes Foucault's work, conceived by Dreyfus and Rabinow). This metalogical thinking proposes that archaeological and genealogical dimensions are proper methods for the study of the History of Thought. The interpretive space of experience-in which knowledge, power, and self are the axes of experience-is presented as a comprehensive model of the critical task of the History of Thought. Foucault's work is analyzed according to this model. Two conceptions of power arise from this analysis: the first conception is a peripheral view of power which raises key questions that drive the second, microphysical conception of power. We then demonstrate how the latter absorbs the former. The microphysical conception is based on a nominalistic view, which raises issues about nominalism in Foucault's critical thinking. These are addressed at the end of the article.     

A Comparative Study of Accounting Entities Under Different Business Organizations

ln order to regu1ate the estab1ishment and operation of various types of businessenterprises, the Chinese government has issued various laws and decrees, among them areThe Law of the PeOPle'S RePublic-of China on Joint Ventures Using Chinese and ForeignInvestment, Law of the PeOPle'S RePublic Of China on Chinese--Foreign Contractual JointVentures, and The PeOPle'S RePublic Of China COmPany Law... Business enterprisesestablished in accordance with these relevant laws and decrees…     

会计准则国际协调的复杂性与涌现——基于复杂适应系统（CAS）理论的分析框架

会计准则国际协调是经济全球化的必然结果。2008年金融危机以来各国更加注重会计准则的国际协调,众多区域性与国际性会计准则协调组织推动了会计准则的国际化进程。会计准则的国际协调,特别是作为实体的协调组织,是由“活”的、有适应能力的主体构成的,具有复杂系统的特征,并体现出涌现性质。本文试图采用复杂适应系统（CAS）理论审视会计准则国际协调组织及其演化问题,并为会计准则国际化研究提供新的思路。     

Morality materialized: Notes on public prevention as a policy system

Public prevention is discussed as a policy system that owes its coherence to a number of “constitutive principles” rather than to an institutional fabric of its own. Notions from Luhmann's autopoietic social systems theory are combined with some recent developments in discourse analysis to outline this discussion theoretically. As to the constitutive principles, first, it is argued that public prevention is negatively constituted by its divorce from the regular healthcare system. Second, it is demonstrated that the constitutive principles of the public prevention system itself stem from the basic insecurities of this type of social policy. Public prevention strategies always have to impose themselves on existing (social) policy fields, and, more importantly, they often intrude upon people's private lives. That is why they tend to locate responsibility “outside,” moralizing the environment and moralizing things.     

流动性冲击和信息风险条件下的知情交易策略

基于连续交易市场分析框架,构建理论模型研究了流动性冲击和信息风险条件下的市场出清过程和订单策略特征。研究发现,流动性冲击和信息风险影响着投资者的订单规模、订单拆分的均匀程度以及交易延迟等特征。知情交易者往往采取更加保守的交易策略来控制流动性冲击,采取更加激进的交易策略来应对信息风险。在最大化期望收益的目标约束下,知情交易者的最优交易策略是特定市场状态下的均衡策略。研究结论揭示了“市场状态-投资者行为-价格发现”的微观传导过程,拓展了对交易策略、信息传递与价格效率的理论研究,能够为投资者订单策略的制定和优化提供参考,为合理引导投资者行为提供政策启示。     

广东省产业系统的层级结构模型及其应用

通过运用复杂系统的层级结构理论建立了广东省的产业结构系统层级结构模型．通过该模型我们不仅可以较直观地“看到”广东省产业系统的内部结构,理解其内涵,而且还可以发现广东省产业系统结构的特点和存在的问题.     

复杂性科学的研究纲领初探

复杂性科学是一个以复杂系统为研究对象,体系庞杂、内容丰富、方法独特的学科群。从总体上来说,复杂性科学应该纳入系统科学的体系中,属于系统科学的基础理论层次,是系统科学发展的第三阶段。     

集中式网络拥塞控制的高效RPL路由协议

针对低功耗有损网络中采用博弈论的网络拥塞控制(game theory based network congestion control protocol, GTNCC)路由算法在路由构建过程中仅仅考虑无线链路质量不能使网络拓扑最优,以及在拥塞控制过程中由拥塞节点的子节点判断是否切换父节点不能快速高效地缓解网络拥塞等问题,提出一种基于多维度量结合的集中式网络拥塞控制(centralized network congestion control based on multi-metrics combination, CNCCMC)路由协议。首先,为了降低网络拥塞发生的概率,CNCCMC路由协议综合考虑了节点剩余能量、缓存占用率、无线链路质量和中继节点当前子节点个数等多维度量完成路由构建;其次,当检测到网络拥塞时,CNCCMC路由协议依据网络拥塞节点进行流量分析和判断的结果采取集中式的方式控制其子节点的切换;最后,在网络拥塞缓解过程中,提出一种“乒乓效应”避免机制。理论分析和仿真结果表明,与GTNCC路由算法相比,CNCCMC路由协议在降低网络拥塞发生的概率、延长网络平均生存寿命和提高网络吞吐量等方面的性能得到了有效提升。     

制造系统的建模方法

本文阐述了基于ＣＩＭ－ＯＳＡ框架的集成化制造系统模。它的建模框架基于一个集成模型的四个建模视图：功能视图、信息视图、资源视图和组织视图。功能视图是以围绕中心的四个基本结构的建模方法来建立制造系统的功能与行为模型，四个基本结构分别是：事件、过程、作业和操作；信息视图是基于结构化的面向对象的模型以信息元素、对象视图和企业对象的形式表述事务数据与信息；资源视图描述制造系统的被动的和主动的资源；组织视图定义模型不同部分的责任和权力，以及以组织单元、组织细胞表示的结构。     

Notes on the theory of the actor-network: Ordering,strategy, and heterogeneity

This paper describes the theory of the actor-network, a body of theoretical and empirical writing which treats social relations, including power and organization, as network effects. The theory is distinctive because it insists that networks are materially heterogeneous and argues that society and organization would not exist if they were simply social. Agents, texts, devices, architectures are all generated in, form part of, and are essential to, the networks of the social. And in the first instance, all should be analyzed in the same terms. Accordingly, in this view, the task of sociology is to characterize the ways in which materials join together to generate themselves and reproduce institutional and organizational patterns in the networks of the social.     

Systemic Design for Applying the Combined Use of SSM and CDA to Social Practices

In this paper, we propose a framework for applying the combined use of soft systems methodology (SSM) and critical discourse analysis (CDA) based on social semiotic systemic functional linguistics to social practices. In the social practice, ‘participation’ mode of Checkland’s SSM is used for ‘problem-solving’ whilst CDA is used to problematize ‘problem-solving’ processes within the practice. During the meta-process of problematization of our research, we used Churchman’s systems approach and its theory of ‘boundary critique’ in order to explore issues such as governance, inequality of power, and social values within the organization examined for this study. In other words, the process-oriented methodology proposed in this paper consists of two processes: that of ‘problem-solving’ based on SSM and of problematization of naturalized discourse from the perspective of CDA and two phases of boundary critique in social practice. A detailed account of a case study of Korean social enterprise is given to demonstrate how our proposed framework of the combined use of SSM and CDA is applied into practice. Reflecting the outcome of the case study, this paper argues that critical social research from systemic inquiry using what we call ‘process-oriented methodology’ is useful to address some of the social and complex issues related to understanding dynamic relation between power and discourse amongst participants in the social enterprise in Korean contexts.