具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

复超球上的Hilbert边值问题

本文给出了复超球上的Hileert问题的提法及相应问题的解法的可解条件,得到一定条件下的相应问题的解的具体形式。     

关于丢番图方程1+2x7y+2z5u7v=5w

设x,y,z,u,v,w为非负整数,用计算机辅助方法给出了指数丢番图方程1+2^x7^y+2^z5^u7^v=5^w的全部非负整数解：(x,y,z,u,v,w)=(1,0,1,0,0,1),(1,1,1,1,0,2),(2,0,2,1,0,2),(3,0,4,0,0,2),(4,0,3,0,0,2),(4,1,9,0,0,4),(5,1,4,2,0,4),(6,0,4,1,1,4),(9,0,4,0,1,4).     

关于丢番图方程px~4-（p-1）y~2=z~4

对任意的奇素数p,还没有找到给出丢番图方程px4-（p-1）y2=z4的全部正整数解的统一的初等方法,目前只解决了某类特殊的奇素数p的求解问题,例如王洪昌等人完全解决了p-1=Q2;或2Q2;或qQ2,2｜Q,q≡3（mod4）为奇素数,Q为正整数的情形.认为对某类特殊的奇素数p求解丢番图方程px4-（p-1）y2=z4,目的是对任意的奇素数p,寻找给出丢番图方程px4-（p-1）y2=z4的全部正整数解的统一解法.当p=2q＋1,q≡5（mod8）,p,q为奇素数时,利用初等方法把方程px4-（p-1）y2=z4化为方程x2＋my2=z2,从而给出方程px4-（p-1）y2=z4的全部正整数解;当q为任意正整数时,上述解法仍然适用,因此对任意给定的奇素数p,实际上已经给出了丢番图方程px4-（p-1）y2=z4的全部正整数解的统一解法.     

关于Pell方程组x2-2y2=1,y2-Dz2=4

设p,q,r_i均为相异奇素数,且p≡1(mod8),q≡3(mod8),r_i≡5或7(mod8).证明了Pell方程组x~2-2y~2=1,y~2-Dz~2=4当D=2pqr_i时,除了D=34时仅有非平凡解z=±12外,其他情形仅有平凡解z=0。     

指数Diophantine方程ax+by=cz的例外解

设a,b,C是两两互素的正整数,min(a,b,C)>1.论文证明了:当b(?)1(mod 8),c(?)5(mod 8)且c是素数方幂时,如果ax by=cz有正整数解(x,y,z)=(2,2,r),其中r是大于1的奇数,则该方程的例外解(x,y,z)都满足x=2以及y(?)z(?)1(mod 2).     

关于不定方程组x±1=6pqu2,x2（-＋）x＋1=3v2的整数解

设p,q是互异的奇素数,p≡q≡1 （mod 6）,利用递归序列、Pell方程的解的性质、Maple小程序等方法证明了不定方程组x-1=6pqu2,x2＋x＋1=3v2仅有平凡解（x,u,v）=（1,0,±1）;而不定方程组x＋1=6pqu2,x2-x＋1=3v2仅有平凡解（x,u,v）=（-1,0,±1）.     

二维定常的微流边界层解的存在性

证明了二维边界层uδu/δx＋vδu/δy=vδ2u/δy2-dp/dx和δu/δx＋δv/δy=0满足边界条件：内解的存在唯一性,其中：X是适当小的正数;     

一个R~N上的p-拉普拉斯椭圆方程的最小能量解

利用一个无穷远处的集中紧性原理来解决带约束极大值问题M(b,RN)∶=sup{∫RNb(x)|u|qdx;u∈W1,p(RN),∫RN(|▽u|p+|u|p)dx=1}的可达性,其中b(x)满足适当的条件,得到p-拉普拉斯椭圆方程-Δpu+|u|p-2u=b(x)|u|q-2u,u∈W1,p(RN),1pN,pqp*的最小能量解.     

一类色唯一的K4同胚图

本文证明：如果正整数x,y,z,u,v,w中有四个数等于a(≥2），而另外两个数均小于a或其中一个大于a,另一个小于a，则k4(x,y,z,u,v,w)是色唯一的。     

对称定常微流边界层

利用Oleinik的经典线性化方法,讨论对称定常微流边界层方程{uu/x+vu/y=Udu/dx+[v(y)uy]/y (ru)/x+(rv)/y=0,满足边界条件:u(0,y)=0,u(0,x)=0,v(x,0)=v0(x),lim u(x,y)y→∞=U(x)解的适定性问题.其中,v(y)>0是粘性系数,满足一定的限制条件.