米曲霉固态发酵产淀粉酶条件优化的研究

以米曲霉A—l为出发菌株,在研究培养基加水量、温度、无机盐和培养时间等单因素的基础上,采用正交试验方法进行固态发酵产淀粉酶条件优化研究,并对正交试验结果进行了验证。试验结果表明,该菌株固态发酵产淀粉酶的最优条件为：加水量10mL,麸皮与豆饼粉的比例为8：2,MgS047H：0添加量为1％,在30℃发酵84h,酶活达269U／g。     

一株高温蛋白酶高产菌株产酶条件的优化

对一株高温蛋白酶高产菌株枯草芽孢杆菌BY25的发酵培养基组成与产酶条件进行了优化。正交试验结果显示培养基中各因子对产酶影响从高到低为:豆饼粉、葡萄糖、硫酸镁、麸皮、磷酸氢二钠、氯化钙。在此基础上进行培养基组成优化,将豆饼粉、麸皮混合氮源改为以豆饼粉为单一氮源进行蛋白酶发酵。单因素试验发现,在单一氮源培养条件下,培养基中各因子对产酶影响从高到低依次为:豆饼粉、葡萄糖、氯化钙、磷酸氢二钠。除微量氯化钙外,金属盐,尤其是金属硫酸盐的添加对产酶有显著抑制作用。此外,培养初始pH和培养时间对产酶有显著影响,接种量也有一定影响。通过绘制120 h产酶曲线发现,BY25产酶曲线为双峰,产酶曲线顶峰出现在发酵后72 h,优化后BY25发酵培养基各组分添加量为豆饼粉60 g/L、葡萄糖60 g/L、氯化钙 0.5 g/L、磷酸氢二钠 4 g/L,接种量为4.5%～5%,初始培养pH为8.0。优化产酶培养基和产酶条件后,发酵液酶活力可达到101.1 μmol/(min·mL)。     

液态发酵细脚拟青霉培养基及其发酵条件的优化

对细脚拟青霉进行液态培养,采用单因素实验和正交实验对培养基及培养条件进行优化.结果表明,培养基组成为:4％葡萄糖,2％蚕蛹粉,0.15％ KH2PO4,0.15％MgSO4·7H2O;培养条件为:接种量5％,温度25℃,初始pH值6.5,摇床转速140 r/min,250 mL三角烧瓶中装液量为80 mL.细脚拟青霉的菌丝生物量优化后产量提高了18.9％.     

高产芽孢杆菌MS12木聚糖酶发酵条件优化及酶学性质研究

从昆明某磷矿土壤中筛选出一株产木聚糖酶能力较强的菌株——MS12,通过单因素试验初步优化了该菌株的产酶条件.试验结果显示,该菌株最佳产酶培养基为玉米芯粉50 g/L、麸皮40 g/L、NH_4Cl 10 g/L、CaCl_2 5 g/L、NaHPO_42 g/L,pH自然;最佳产酶发酵条件为30℃,180 r/min,装样量30 mL/250 mL三角瓶,震荡培养96 h.经测定,菌株MS12所产木聚糖酶的最适反应温度为65℃,最适反应pH值为7.0,具有较好的pH稳定性. 1 mmol/L Na~+、Ba~(2+)和10 mmol/L Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)对酶活有促进作用,Ag~+对酶活有明显的抑制作用.     

蚕蛹抗氧化肽的制备及其体外抗氧化活性评价

为更客观地评价蚕蛹抗氧化肽的抗氧化能力, 以人工胃肠模拟液对不同蛋白酶酶解物的抗氧化能力进行评价, 优选获得最佳的制备用酶——碱性蛋白酶. 在此基础上,以蚕蛹抗氧化肽总还原能力为指标, 利用响应曲面法(response surface method, RSM)优化碱性蛋白酶制备蚕蛹抗氧化肽的最佳酶解工艺. 结果表明: 碱性蛋白酶的最佳酶解条件为pH=8.30, 加酶量为15.34 μL(1 902 U), 温度为50.47 ℃, 时间为2.45 h; 在此条件下优化预测得到的2 mg 蚕蛹蛋白/mL 酶解液的总还原能力为0.434, 蚕蛹抗氧化肽对·OH 和DPPH· 自由基的半数清除率IC50 分别为4.51 与4.24 mg/mL.     

金针菇产木聚糖酶固态发酵条件优化和酶学性质研究

以豆秸粉为主要原料,通过单因素和正交试验确定金针菇(Flammulina velutipes)固态发酵生产木聚糖酶最佳培养条件,并对其粗酶的酶学性质进行了研究.结果表明,碳源为豆秸粉:玉米芯:麸皮=7:2:1,氮源为1.5%的黄豆粉,pH为5,接种量为干料的20%,装瓶量为6 g/100 mL三角瓶装,料水比为1:2.1,培养天数5 d,在此培养条件下得到的酶活力最高,产量可达52 768.91 U/g.粗酶液的最适反应温度为60℃,最适反应pH为6.酶的pH稳定性及热稳定性较好,80℃时相对酶活力仍保持在40.41%.     

添加蚕蛹粉对蛹虫草生长及子实体有效成分的影响

在大米培养基中添加蚕蛹粉,分析添加蚕蛹粉对蛹虫草菌丝体生长状况,子实体生长情况以及子实体有效成分虫草素、虫草多糖含量的影响。试验结果表明:蚕蛹粉添加量为6 g时,子实体生长状态最佳,畸形率最低、出草率最高、平均高度最高,干品产量最高,达到(5.36±0.087)g·瓶~(-1);在蚕蛹粉量为8 g时,虫草素与总虫草素的含量最高,分别达到(7.39±0.095)mg·g~(-1)和(34.06±0.164)mg·瓶~(-1);在蚕蛹粉量为6 g时,虫草多糖及总虫草多糖的含量最高,分别达到(23.26±0.086)mg·g~(-1)和(124.67±0.089)mg·瓶~(-1)。试验结果为蛹虫草产业化栽培及深层开发提供一定的理论依据。     

哈茨木霉SDU3.87耐碱性纤维素酶液体发酵条件的研究

从碱性土样中分离出的1株哈茨木霉(T．harzianum),液体发酵条件的实验表明,产酶最适的培养基初始pH为7．5,培养温度为28℃,摇床转速为160r／min;最适的单一碳源为麸皮,添加量为质量分数3．0％～5．0％;添加质量分数0．5％左右的复合氮源有利于产酶的提高;诱导物纤维素CF—11和微晶纤维素的最适添加量分别为质量分数2．0％和1．0％;添加吐温80有利于产酶的提高,添加量质量分数0．2％;用300mL三角瓶液体摇床发酵时装样量80mL左右为宜;发酵周期5～6d,获得的粗酶液的内切酶活最高为1．85U/mL,FPA为0．96U/mL．水杨素酶活为0.81U／mL。     

产漆酶菌株的筛选及产酶条件的优化

以愈创木酚培养基为底物,利用平板筛选法从土壤朽木中筛选能够产漆酶的菌株,通过测定漆酶活力进行复筛,筛选出一株产漆酶活力较高的白腐茵菌株。以漆酶活性为参考指标,确定葵花粉发酵产漆酶条件：发酵培养基中硫酸铵0．025％,初始pH值5．5,接种量8％,装液量50mL,愈创木酚0．10％,培养时间7d。     

绿色木霉Tr-A1固体发酵生产纤维素酶

以麸皮和玉米秸粉为主要原料,采用固体发酵技术优化绿色木霉(Tr-A1)菌株固体发酵产纤维素酶的条件。结果表明:当麸皮和玉米秸粉的质量比为4∶6,接种量的质量分数为10%,含水量的质量分数为55%,初始pH值为5.0,28℃~30℃固体培养72 h时,羧甲基纤维素(CMC)酶活可达到72.5 U/g。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-