类固醇激素对雌性实验鼠攻击行为的调节

通过分析讨论大鼠、小鼠的母性攻击行为和激素在怀孕、分娩、哺乳三个时期的变化、母性攻击行为的变化与激素水平变化之间的关系以及激素对母性攻击行为的调控 ,探讨激素对母性攻击行为的调节 .     

Ghrelin induces adiposity in rodents

The discovery of the peptide hormone ghrelin, an endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue (GHS) receptor, yielded the surprising result that the principal site of ghrelin synthesis is the stomach and not the hypothalamus. Although ghrelin is likely to regulate pituitary growth hormone (GH) secretion along with GH-releasing hormone and somatostatin, GHS receptors have also been identified on hypothalamic neurons and in the brainstem. Apart from potential paracrine effects, ghrelin may thus offer an endocrine link between stomach, hypothalamus and pituitary, suggesting an involvement in regulation of energy balance. Here we show that peripheral daily administration of ghrelin caused weight gain by reducing fat utilization in mice and rats. Intracerebroventricular administration of ghrelin generated a dose-dependent increase in food intake and body weight. Rat serum ghrelin concentrations were increased by fasting and were reduced by re-feeding or oral glucose administration, but not by water ingestion. We propose that ghrelin, in addition to its role in regulating GH secretion, signals the hypothalamus when an increase in metabolic efficiency is necessary.     

High-level similarity of dentitions in carnivorans and rodents

The study of mammalian evolution depends greatly on understanding the evolution of teeth and the relationship of tooth shape to diet. Links between gross tooth shape, function and diet have been proposed since antiquity, stretching from Aristotle to Cuvier, Owen and Osborn. So far, however, the possibilities for exhaustive, quantitative comparisons between greatly different tooth shapes have been limited. Cat teeth and mouse teeth, for example, are fundamentally distinct in shape and structure as a result of independent evolutionary change over tens of millions of years. There is difficulty in establishing homology between their tooth components or in summarizing their tooth shapes, yet both carnivorans and rodents possess a comparable spectrum of dietary specializations from animals to plants. Here we introduce homology-free techniques to measure the phenotypic complexity of the three-dimensional shape of tooth crowns. In our geographic information systems (GIS) analysis of 441 teeth from 81 species of carnivorans and rodents, we show that the surface complexity of tooth crowns directly reflects the foods they consume. Moreover, the absolute values of dental complexity for individual dietary classes correspond between carnivorans and rodents, illustrating a high-level similarity between overall tooth shapes despite a lack of low-level similarity of specific tooth components. These results suggest that scale-independent forces have determined the high-level dental shape in lineages that are widely divergent in size, ecology and life history. This link between diet and phenotype will be useful for inferring the ecology of extinct species and illustrates the potential of fast-throughput, high-level analysis of the phenotype.     

浅谈检验医学及检验实验室的发展与未来展望

探讨了检验医学的发展历程,同时对检验医学实验室的未来发展做了展望;为了更好地服务于临床,检验实验室应该探索自己的发展策略,包括实验室的标准化与实验室的质量控制,这些都要求检验必须与临床密切配合,自动化与信息化的结合,未来发展更要求检验的个性化医疗。检验医学的未来发展面临着机遇与挑战,发展空间很大,迫切地要求科研与临床检验的密切结合,提高检验者的自身素质,提升检验实验室在临床诊断中的重要作用。     

高校多校区实验室人性化管理与实践

在深入剖析高校实验室人性化管理内涵的基础上,分析了实验室人性化管理的重要意义并指出目前面临的主要问题,从而,深刻认识到实施人性化管理是高校多校区实验室可持续发展的必由之路;并积极探索实施全面人性化管理有效的手段和方法,进一步提出了实验室信息化是实现人性化管理实践的有效途径之一;最后,以我院计算机实验室工作日志信息化建设为例进行人性化管理的有效实践,尝试建立电子工作日志,整合实验室动态信息,通过改进管理技术来提升实验室人性化管理水平。     

Retinal receptors in rodents maximally sensitive to ultraviolet light

High sensitivity to near-ultraviolet light is a fundamental feature of vision in many invertebrates. Among vertebrates there are some amphibians, birds and fishes that are also sensitive to near-ultraviolet wavelengths. This sensitivity can be achieved through a class of cone photoreceptor containing an ultraviolet-sensitive pigment. Although these receptors were thought not to exist in the eyes of mammals, we now report that some rodents have a retinal mechanism that is maximally sensitive to ultraviolet light.     

Evolutionary change in the insulin receptors of hystricomorph rodents

INSULIN receptors have been thought to have remained unaltered despite evolutionary changes in the hormone(1). Because insulins from hystricomorph rodents are known to be highly substituted compared with other mammalian insulins, we decided to investigate the insulin receptor of some hystricomorphs to determine whether evolutionary change had occurred within the receptor itself. Here we present the first evidence that hystricomorph rodent insulin receptors have undergone evolutionary change.     

陕西黄河滩地农田鼠类调查

报道了1988年6—11月、1991年3—5月对陕西东部黄河滩地农田害鼠的种类、数量及分布调查的结果。计有鼠类9种,隶属3科。其中子午沙鼠、小家鼠、大仓鼠和黑线姬鼠为本地区的优势种。     

实验室中的声化学研究

综述了超声的空化效应及实验室中常用的声化学反应器,重点讨论了声化学最新的应用研究进展,其中包括声化学在纳米材料制备、污水处理和催化反应等方面的应用。     

Tilman's predicted productivity-diversity relationship shown by desert rodents

Tilman has developed a model to predict the number of plant species that can coexist competitively on a limited resource base. Species diversity first increases over low resource supplies, then declines as the environment becomes richer. Although Tilman 's model was developed to describe interspecific interactions between plant species, it may also apply to animal species. Tilman questions whether animals specialize on particular proportions of nutrients. However, we believe animals probably specialize on relatively subtle microhabitat differences, especially in a multispecies competitive regime. Thus, microhabitats may act like nutrients. We hypothesize that animal species, too, show a peaked curve of diversity over productivity. The present data provide a confirmation of the hypothesis using rodent species. We have investigated the number of rodent species along a geographical gradient of increasing rainfall. The gradient extends from extremely poor desert habitats to those with annual rainfall over 300 mm. Because of the aridity , precipitation reflects productivity. The diversity pattern in desert rodents agrees with that predicted by Tilman for plants. It even possesses similar asymmetry, rising steeply then falling slowly. The pattern is duplicated in rocky and sandy habitats, each of which has a distinct and almost nonoverlapping assemblage of species. As mean precipitation is closely correlated with the variability of precipitation, the diversity pattern might also be caused by a decline in the frequency of disturbances, models for which have been proposed by several investigators.     

地下鼠对洞道环境适应机制的研究进展

从器官结构和生理功能、氧稳态有关功能蛋白的分子结构及其基因的表达方面综述了地下鼠对低氧、高二氧化碳洞道环境的适应机制。