一类无短圈环面图的顶点森林分解问题

令G=(V,E)是一个图.G的一个(F,Fd)-分解是指将G的顶点集合V分解为2个子集合V1和V2,使得子图G[V1]是森林,G[V2]是最大度至多为d的森林.通过对极小反例图进行结构分析,并利用权转移方法证明:不含4-圈和6-圈的环面图有(F,F3)-分解.     

一些特殊图的Mycielskian图的彩虹顶点连通数

在寻找具有任意大色数但不含三角形的图类时,Mycielski发现了一类新的图变换,被称为图G的Mycielskian[1]图,记为μ(G)。其定义如下:对于一个图G=(V,E),顶点集V(G)={v_1,v_2,…,v_n}。则图G的Mycielskian图的顶点集为V(G)∪V'(G)∪{u},其中V'(G)={x_1,x_2,…,x_n},μ(G)的边集E(μ(G))=E(G)∪{v_ix_j:v_iv_j∈E(G)}∪{x_iu:x_i∈V'(G)},其中i,j∈{1,2,?,n}。顶点x_i叫作v_i的复制点,顶点u叫作图μ(G)的根点。文章主要研究一些特殊图(如路、圈、完全图、星图、轮图、完全二部图等)的Mycielskian图的彩虹顶点连通数。最终推导并给出一类图的Mycielskian图的彩虹顶点连通数的一个上界。     

Mycielski图的P4分解

给定图G=(V,E),G的Mycielski图μ(G)被定义为一个新图:V(μ(G))=V∪V'∪{w},其中V'={y'｜y∈V};E(μ(G))=E∪{xy'｜xy∈E}∪{wy'｜y'∈V'},称点y'为y的复制点.文章证明了连通图G的Mycielski图存在P4分解当且仅当G的阶数能被3整除.此外我们还给出了Mycielski图的P4分解的一个多项式算法.     

广义奇圈的同构因子分解

广义圈是一个简单图G =(V ,E) ,其中点集V =V0 ∪…∪Vn - 1 ,|V0 | =… |Vn - 1 | ,边集Euν|u∈Vi,ν∈Vi 1 ,i=0 ,…n -1,i 1=mod(n) .证明了广义奇圈可以分解为t个同构因子的充要条件是t可以整除该广义奇圈的边数     

二分图含圈与对集的一个构造性证明

给出了一个二分图G =(V1 ,V2 ;E)有一个支撑子图包含一个指定长度的圈和一个对集的度条件 .并且证明了若 |V1 |=|V2 |=n =2k ,则G有一个 2 因子恰有一个 8 圈和k 2个 4 圈或恰有k个 4 圈 .     

二分图中存在包含经过给定边的大圈的2-因子的度条件

该文主要证明了若G=(V1,V2;E)是一个满足|V1|=|V2|=n≥sk的二分图,其中k,s,n为3个正整数且k≥2,s≥4,如果σ1,1(G)≥2「(1-1/s)n k﹁,那么对G的任意k条独立边e1,…,ek,G有一个包含k个点不交的圈C1,…,Ck的2-因子,使得ei∈E(Ci),且|Ci|≥2s.     

哈林图中划分成完美对集问题的线性算法

图G=(V,E),正整数K≤|V|,G的顶点是否能划分成k≤K个不相交的集合V1, V2,…,Vk, 使得对于i∈{1,…,k},由Vi诱导的子图是一个完美对集.这个问题是一个NP完全问题.给出在哈林图上求最小K值的算法.算法的时间复杂度是O(n).     

pq阶Cayley图的符号星控制数

设G=(V,E)是一个没有孤立顶点的图,如果一个函数f:E→{-1,1},满足f(E(v))≥1,v∈V(G),则称f为图G的一个符号星控制函数.图G的符号星控制数定义为:γss(G)=min{f(E)|f为G的反符号星控制函数},论文确定了pq(2pq,且p、q为互异的素数)阶群Q上Cayley图X(Q,M)的符号星控制数γss(X(Q,M))=(p-1)q+1,M表示群Q的极小生成集.     

无K_(1,t)图的L(d,1)-T标号

给定一个连通图G=(V,E)及其一棵支撑树T,图G的一个L(d,1)-T标号即函数g:V(G)→{0,1,2,…},满足:(1)如果xy∈E(G),则|g(x)-g(y)|≥1;(2)如果dG(x,y)=2,则|g(x)-g(y)|≥1;(3)如果xy∈E(T),则|g(x)-g(y)|≥d.假设图G有一个L(d,1)-T标号函数g:g(V){0,1,2,…,k},则图G的所有L(d,1)-T标号函数中最小的整数k记为L(d,1)-T标号数λdT(G,T).本文证明了若G是无K1,t(3≤t≤n)的连通图,其最大度为Δ,|G|=n,T为G的任意支撑树,则λdT(G,T)≤tt--12Δ2+Δ+2d-2.     

二分图中含有经过给定点的大圈的2-因子的度条件

设G=(V1,V2;E)是一个二分图, 其顶点数目满足V1=V2=n≥sk,s和k是满足s≥3并且k≥2的两个正整数. 如果σ1,1≥2「(1-1/s)n」+k, 那么G对的任意k个顶点v1,v2,…,vk,G有一个包含k个点不交圈G1,G2,…的因子,使得vi∈V(ci)且Ci≥2s.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the