17β-Hydroxymethyl-Steroide: Darstellung von Derivaten des 17α-Hydroxy-17β-hydroxymethyl-4-androsten-3-ons

Summary Starting from 17-hydroxy-17-hydroxymethyl-4-androsten-3-one, we synthesized 4-chloro-17-hydroxy-17-hydroxymethyl-4-androsten-3-one-17, 20-acetonide and 17-hydroxy-17-hydroxymethyl-1, 4-androstadien-3-one. 11, 17-dihydroxy-17-hydroxymethyl-4-androsten-3-one was obtained from cortisone via methyl-17-hydroxy-3, 11-dioxo-4-etienate.     

17β-Hydroxymethyl-steroide: Darstellung von 17α-Hydroxy-17β-hydroxymethyl-4-androsten-3-on aus Reichsteins Substanz S

Summary The synthesis of 17-hydroxy-17-hydroxymethyl-4-androsten-3-one fromReichsteins compound S is described. Transformation of 3,3-ethylenedioxy-17-hydroxy-17-hydroxymethyl-5-androsten into 17-methyl-isotestosterone demonstrates the configuration of the substituents at C-17.     

Chromosome 17-linked dementias

Chromosome 17-linked dementias have been defined by linkage analysis. The most common of these syndromes has been estimated to be the cause of between 2 and 20% of all dementia and has alternately been called frontotemporal dementia, Pick's disease (without Pick bodies) and dementia lacking distinctive features [1 – 3]. The identification of the mutation responsible for these conditions in a group of clinically and pathologically heterogeneous disorders may allow us to gain broad insight into the processes of neurodegeneration.     

17 Beta-estradiol-sensitivity of cultured myometrial cells

The estrogen sensitivity of cells cultured from the rat myometrium was studied by growing the cells in the absence or presence of 1 nM 17 beta-estradiol. Following a time lag of approximately 10 days, exposure to estrogen resulted in increased incorporation of radiothymidine by the cells. Estrogen treatment also decreased isoproterenol-dependent and GTP-dependent adenylate cyclase activity, but had no effect on basal activity. These cultured cells have been shown previously to have some properties of uterine smooth muscle. The effects estrogen has in vitro, therefore, may reflect important properties in vivo that account for the mechanism by which the sex steroid decreases the sensitivity of the myometrium to isoproterenol.     

17-Hydroxycorticosteroids in human milk

Zusammenfassung Der Gehalt an freiem und gebundenem 17-Hydroxycorticosteroid wurde an 8 Muttermilchentnahmen nach einer Modifikation der Methode vonSilber undPorter geprüft. Der erhaltene Wert war nichtsignifikant niedrig. Auf einmalige intramuskuläre Injektion von 100 mg Cortison oder Hydrocortison erfolgte kein signifikanter Anstieg des Steroidwertes.     

Diversity of IL-17-producing T lymphocytes

Interleukin (IL)-17 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays critical roles in host defense against extracellular bacteria and fungi and also in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. While CD4+ TCRαβ+ T helper (Th) 17 cells are the best-described cellular source of IL-17, many innate-like T cells are in fact potent producers of IL-17. Given the increasing interest in therapeutic modulation of the IL-17 axis, it is crucial to better understand the cellular origins of IL-17 in various infection and diseases settings. While the diverse population of IL-17-producing T cells share many common characteristics, notable differences also exist. In this review, we discuss the heterogeneity of IL-17-producing T cell types focusing on their development, regulation, and function.     

17β-Hydroxymethyl-Steroide: Darstellung von Derivaten des 17β-Hydroxymethyl-4-androsten-3-ons

Summary Starting from methyl 3-oxo-4-etienate, the authors prepared 17-hydroxymethyl-4-androsten-3-one and 11-hydroxy-17-hydroxymethyl-4-androsten-3-one. Chlorination of 17-acetoxymethyl-4-androsten-3-one yielded 4-chloro-17-acetoxymethyl-4-androsten-3-one. 17-Hydroxymethyl-1, 4-androstadien-3-one was obtained from 17-hydroxymethyl-4-androsten-3-one, both by chemical and biological methods.     

Interleukin-17: a mediator of inflammatory responses

Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is a prototype member of a new cytokine family with six species identified to date. IL-17 is secreted mainly by activated CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T lymphocytes, while its receptor is distributed ubiquitously. IL-17 has been classified as a proinflammatory cytokine because of its ability to induce the expression of many mediators of inflammation, most strikingly those that are involved in the proliferation, maturation and chemotaxis of neutrophils. Increased levels of IL-17 have been associated with several conditions, including airway inflammation, rheumatoid arthritis, intraperitoneal abscesses and adhesions, inflammatory bowel disease, allograft rejection, psoriasis, cancer and multiple sclerosis. This review provides an overview of IL-17 activities, concentrating on those that lead to neutrophil recruitment.Received 13 June 2003; received after revision 27 August 2003; accepted 1 September 2003     

1,2-Methylen-19-nor-17α-acetoxy-progesteron

Summary The syntheses and structure-determinations of 1, 22- and 1, 2-methylene-19-nor-17-acetoxy-progesterones described prove that there is no influence of the angular C₁₀-methylgroup on the steric course of theCourey-methylenations of ¹-3-keto-steroids.