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寡头竞争模型下的R&D溢出与内生定价策略 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
当企业通过技术创新降低产品成本时,产品定价具有内生基础。针对这一特点,将传统Hote lling模型中外生的定价策略作为内生变量,研究了技术溢出王件下的三阶段RD/产品问题:双寡头企业先决定RD投入水平,然后对单一定价策略或歧视定价策略进行战略选择,最后在产品市场中进行价格竞争。研究发现,歧视定价是企业获得超额利润的占优策略。当市场中只有一个企业实施歧视定价时,其研发动力最强;当竞争对手同时实施歧视定价时,则该企业表现出明显的创新惰性,研发动力减弱。在均衡定价策略下,企业利润与技术溢出水平存在正相关关系,并且适度的技术溢出有利于社会福利的增加,而过度的技术溢出将导致社会福利降低。 相似文献
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上下游企业研发费用分担与一体化的比较分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
比较分析上下游企业合作研发的费用分担与一体化的个体效益与社会效益,与横向企业研发合作的信息共享形式不同,上下游企业之间研发合作的基本形式是费用分担。建立了一个上游垄断企业和两个下游企业的产业组织理论模型,其中下游企业进行成本降低型生产技术的研究与开发,上游企业有两种选择:一是分担其中一个下游企业的研发费用或是进行纵向并购实现一体化。通过比较上下游研发费用分担与上下游纵向一体化两种情况下的企业利润之和以及全社会研发水平等总体效益,判断上游企业是应该选择纵向并购还是选择分担下游企业的研发费用,以及政府对两种情况下全社会总的研发水平变化进行分析,确定哪种情况下更能改进总的社会福利水平,对于类似的企业纵向并购行为应该鼓励还是限制。 相似文献
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具有R&D溢出时的企业提成许可策略与政府R&D补贴激励 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
建立一个带有R&D产出溢出的四阶段R&D竞赛模型,分析在单位提成许可策略下企业R&D溢出以及在许可得益上的讨价还价能力对政府的R&D政策的影响.证明在只有一个企业进行创新时,政府没有对本国企业进行补贴的动机.在两个企业都进行创新时,若R&D溢出小于二分之一,对于受许方而言,不管其讨价还价能力如何,其国政府都不会对其进行补贴.而对于许可方,其国政府则要根据其国企业在许可得益上的讨价还价能力进行激励,若本国企业讨价还价能力较大,政府将对其进行补贴,但如果本国企业讨价还价能力较小时,政府将对其进行征税;若R&D溢出等于二分之一,政府将根据其企业的讨价还价能力对其进行激励;若R&D溢出大于二分之一,政府将对本国企业的R&D进行补贴. 相似文献
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利用非线性动力系统的分支理论,研究了分别具有有限理性和简单理性的双寡头R&D竞争模型,通过对模型的解析分析和数值仿真,研究了技术溢出对双寡头R&D竞争演化的影响。结果表明:技术溢出对系统均衡点的存在性、均衡点的个数、均衡点的取值以及均衡点的稳定性、系统稳定区域都有显著的影响;技术溢出对双寡头的R&D平均投入、平均利润也有显著影响,具体的影响规律随着系统所处的状态不同而有所变化;同时,系统竞争过程还表现出对技术溢出具有敏感依赖性的特征。 相似文献
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《系统科学与信息学报》2017,(2)
In this paper, regulatory and optimum programming model has been adopted. Considering the costs of emission reduction, supervision and penalty, we went all out to analyze the optimal decision of cost efficiency of regulators when implementing these three policy instruments: carbon emission standards, carbon emission trading permissions, and carbon taxes as well. Its result has indicated: In strict accordance with control target of total carbon emissions, regulators are willing to render social and economic cost able to achieve the goal of optimal cost efficiency by regulating carbon emission standards and supervising marginal cost caused by variations in the probability; fortunately, under the conditions of low supervisory cost and certain criteria which is met, the implementation of carbon emission trading permissions could provide social and economic cost with opportunities to realize that objective; through comparative analysis, carbon emission trading permissions have the advantages of higher efficiency than carbon emission standards on the premise of incomplete information. During the implementation of carbon taxes strategy, when there exists uncertainty information in the enterprises reduction behaviors, the condition which enterprises can fully comply with is the tax rate level is not higher than marginal penalty function; the tax rate level of enterprises perfect compliance ought not to be lower than the division of marginal penalty cost and marginal supervisory cost. The optimal strategy of enterprises imperfect compliance is that regulators varying the marginal cost of emission standards is equal to varying that of supervisory probability. 相似文献
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假定股票价格服从连续时间的几何布朗运动,而交易只能在离散时点发生,交易存在固定-比例成本(佣金),投资者是风险厌恶的,论文研究了投资者的最优变现策略问题.首先,给出了变现策略的数学描述及投资者的目标函数.然后,用样条函数来刻画一个交易日内的相对变现折现率.接着,给出了价格冲击函数.最后,给出一个算例.研究结果表明,在不同的风险偏好情况下,无论天内流动性随时间变化的形状如何,股票的流动性越差,投资者越是尽早卖出手中的头寸,流动性越好,卖出的时间越往后推迟;投资者越是厌恶风险,投资者越是选择在股票市场收盘前尽可能多的卖出头寸. 相似文献
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Price differentiation or discrimination strategy has been regarded as the best choice for firms with online and offline channels, however, recent years often witnessed the practices of the uniform pricing strategy. This paper aims to address the question whether the uniform pricing strategy may be better for the manufacturer, when the uniform pricing strategy has a positive impact on increasing the customer demand and reducing the operations cost. The research shows that the uniform pricing strategy can be better than the price differentiation strategy when the cost saving and demand increasing are large enough or the consumers' acceptance of online channel lies in a certain interval.Moreover, the manufacturers or brand owners need a tradeoff between the benefit from online channel and the negative impact from the offline channel when they implement the price differentiation strategy.Finally, the authors obtain some managerial insights and implications based on the numerical analyses,which are in line with the phenomena in practice. 相似文献
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融资成本、融资规模与再融资方式 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
在概率选择模型上,试图建立一个再融资方式选择的判别模型。利用1998-2003年实施再融资的公司作为样本,分别考察融资成本和融资规模对再融资方式选择概率的影响。分析发现.融资成本对配股和增发间的选择没有显著影响,但在增发和配股与转债间选择时,融资成本是重要考虑因素;融资规模因素在配股和增发、转债间有影响,但增发和转债间的影响不显著。检验结果支持国外的相关研究结论。上市公司的融资成本和融资规模意愿可以作为再融资方式选择的重要判据。 相似文献
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