调制周期对ZrN/TiCuN纳米多层涂层的微观结构与力学性能的影响

为了系统研究电弧离子镀技术制备的纳米多层涂层的微观结构与力学性能的关系,通过调节样品转速,制备了不同调制周期的ZrN/TiCuN纳米多层涂层.利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能量色散X射线光谱仪（EDS）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）及纳米压痕仪,分析了多层涂层的微观形貌、化学成分、相结构和力学性能以及多层涂层界面的微观结构对涂层力学性能的影响.结果表明,Zr N/TiCuN纳米多层涂层属于典型的电弧离子镀涂层表面形貌.随着调制周期减小,纳米单层厚度变薄,涂层表面形貌及厚度变化不明显;涂层中Zr、Ti的含量先降低后略有升高,而N含量的变化与之相反,且所有多层涂层和单层涂层都呈现出过化学计量比（N/Zr或N/Ti）;多层涂层中ZrN(200)衍射峰强度逐渐减小,硬度逐渐提高,在调制周期最小时硬度达到最大值31.5 GPa;Zr N/Ti CuN多层涂层界面处存在大量共格结构,且连续贯穿几个相邻涂层,在涂层界面处可以发现较多位错.随着调制周期减小,膜层更均匀.在多层涂层结构中,降低涂层厚度、增加共格结构的界面可有效增加纳米多层涂层的硬度.     

VN/(Ti,Al)N纳米多层膜的共格生长与超硬效应

采用反应磁控溅射技术制备了一系列具有不同调制周期的VN/(Ti,Al) N纳米多层膜.利用高分辨透射电子显微镜、X-射线衍射仪和微力学探针表征了纳米多层膜的微结构和力学性能,从而研究其微结构与力学性能之间的关系.结果表明,小调制周期时,VN/(Ti,Al) N纳米多层膜沿薄膜生长方向呈现出具有面心立方(111)晶面择优取向的共格外延生长结构.由于存在晶格错配,在共格界面作用下,VN和(Ti,Al)N调制层分别受到拉、压应力,在多层膜中产生以调制周期为周期的交变应力场.这种应力场大大阻碍了薄膜中位错穿过界面的运动,从而导致薄膜产生硬度和弹性模量异常升高的超硬效应,并在调制周期为5.6 nm时,达到硬度和弹性模量的最高值38.4GPa和421 GPa.进一步增加调制周期,两调制层之间产生非共格界面,破坏了薄膜中的交变应力场,薄膜的硬度和弹性模量也随之降低.     

纳米Ni对Ti/Al2O3复合材料力学性能的影响

在烧结温度为1400℃、升温速率为20℃/min、保温时间为60 min的工艺条件下,采用真空热压烧结技术制备Ti/Al2O3金属陶瓷复合材料。研究掺加纳米Ni对材料力学性能的影响及强韧化机理。结果表明,纳米Ni的添加可以有效抑制Ti-Al2O3之间的界面反应,提高材料的力学性能,改善材料的物相组分;当掺入Ni的体积分数为3%时,材料的致密度为98.91%,弯曲强度为384.27 MPa、断裂韧性为8.02 MPa·m1/2、显微硬度为16.16 GPa。     

Al/Ti对磁控溅射TiAlN膜层结构、硬度和摩擦性能的影响

采用磁控溅射技术在炮钢基材表面制备不同Ti靶电流的TiAlN膜层。利用激光共聚焦、X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、纳米压痕仪、多功能材料表面性能测试仪、蔡司显微镜等检测方法,研究不同Al/Ti对TiAlN膜层的粗糙度,相结构、纳米硬度、摩擦性能的影响。结果表明:磁控溅射沉积TiAlN膜层光滑致密,无大液滴,以TiN(200)、(220)为主相择优生长。Al/Ti比值为1.32时,薄膜硬度处于峰值区,纳米硬度最高可达19GPa。Al/Ti比值为0.87时硬度略微降低,但表面粗糙度最小为0.029μm,摩擦系数保持稳定最低为0.4723左右。Al/Ti比值为0.87时,表现出较好的抗磨损性能。     

纳米压痕法测量Ti13Nb13Zr医用钛合金蠕变应力指数

在室温下利用纳米压痕仪测量了Ti13Nb13Zr的弹性模量与硬度以及其蠕变行为的规律。通过改变实验的加载速率与最大载荷,确定这两个因素对实验结果的影响。结果表明,Ti13Nb13Zr的弹性模量约为148.1 GPa,硬度约为5.62 GPa。实验结果与加载速率和最大载荷无关,只与材料本身性质相关。最终测得材料的蠕变应力指数范围在28.98~34.66之间。     

钛合金表面CrN涂层高温氧化及力学性能

采用热丝增强等离子体磁控溅射技术,在Ti6Al4V(TC4)基体表面沉积单相CrN涂层,并分别在温度为400、500、600、700、800℃下空气中退火。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)与能谱(EDS)、Raman光谱、原子力显微镜(AFM)、X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)、划痕仪、纳米压痕仪、台阶仪和摩擦磨损仪分析涂层的物相组成、微观形貌、成分及力学性能。随着退火温度的升高,CrN所有取向的峰位均向右移动接近标准峰位,内应力得到释放。当退火温度达到600℃后,涂层表面氧化迹象明显,粗糙度升高,出现白色颗粒状Cr₂O₃。随退火温度升高,涂层与基体结合力提高,在800℃时临界失效载荷达到25.2 N;涂层硬度和弹性模量下降,硬度从未退火的24.86 GPa降至800℃的15.23 GPa,弹性模量从327 GPa降至260 GPa;涂层耐磨性小幅下降,磨损量从未退火的0.78×10^-16m³/(m·N)上升至11.74×10^-16m³/(m...     

针状铁素体组织的纳米硬度

以Mn-Mo-Nb-B微合金系统为研究对象,利用动态连续刚度测量纳米压痕技术,结合低碳微合金钢中针状铁素体组织的特点,分析针状铁素体组织的纳米硬度-位移曲线,计算针状铁素体组织的基体纳米硬度.结果表明：针状铁素体组织的基体纳米硬度为2.14GPa,波动为29.37％,与动态CSM方法提供的原始结果相比,通过对特定显微组织的纳米硬度-位移曲线分析而得出的纳米硬度数据的波动显著减小.     

Ti—B—N纳米复合薄膜的制备及结构和力学性能

利用反应磁控溅射方法在(100)单晶硅和高速钢(W18Cr4V)基片上制备出不同B含量的Ti--B--N纳米复合薄膜.使用X射线衍射(XRD)和高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)研究了Ti--B--N纳米复合薄膜的组织结构,并用纳米压痕仪测试了它们的纳米硬度和弹性模量.结果表明:通过改变TiB2靶功率和Ti靶功率的方法可制备出非晶--纳米晶复合结构的Ti--B--N薄膜;Ti--B--N薄膜中主要含有TiN纳米晶,随着B含量的增加,形成的TiN纳米晶尺寸变小,非晶成分增加;当B含量很高时会出现很小的TiB2纳米晶,此时薄膜性能不好;当TiN晶粒尺寸为5 nm左右时,Ti--B--N薄膜力学性能最优,纳米硬度和弹性模量分别达到32.7 GPa和350.3 GPa.     

采用有限元仿真研究TiN和Ti-Si-N的力学性能特点

利用有限元的非线性算法对一个TiN表面和一个Ti-Si-N纳米复合表面的压痕测量实验曲线进行仿真拟合,并对它们的力学性能进行比较分析.论文介绍该三维有限元仿真过程的各个步骤,重点说明如何通过计算求取与实验的载荷-位移曲线相对应的应力-应变关系,以及通过有限元仿真得到TiN样品和Ti-Si-N样品的屈服极限.经过仿真得到TiN表面和Ti-Si-N表面的硬度分别为21.319GPa和39.874GPa,与实测值21.4GPa和41.8GPa很接近.该研究结果证明此计算材料应力-应变关系和求取屈服极限的方法是可行的.通过仿真得到Ti-Si-N纳米复合表面的屈服强度为24GPa、TiN表面的屈服强度为12GPa.     

纳米Ni对Ti/Al_2O_3复合材料力学性能的影响

在烧结温度为1400℃、升温速率为20℃/min、保温时间为60 min的工艺条件下,采用真空热压烧结技术制备Ti/Al2O3金属陶瓷复合材料。研究掺加纳米Ni对材料力学性能的影响及强韧化机理。结果表明,纳米Ni的添加可以有效抑制Ti-Al2O3之间的界面反应,提高材料的力学性能,改善材料的物相组分;当掺入Ni的体积分数为3%时,材料的致密度为98.91%,弯曲强度为384.27 MPa、断裂韧性为8.02 MPa·m1/2、显微硬度为16.16 GPa。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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