马立克氏病病毒MEQ蛋白单克隆抗体的制备及应用研究

基因表达与病毒感染细胞及致瘤能力之间关系的阐明，将有助于我们对马立克氏病病毒（MDV）meq基因功能的了解，该研究利用通过杆状病毒载体在昆虫细胞系SF9上高度表达的MEQ蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠，然后收获其免疫脾细胞与肿瘤细胞系SP2/0通过PEG于体外融合，获得的杂交瘤细胞被克隆并通过与MDV感染的鸡胚成纤维细胞（CEF）做免疫荧光试验（FA），进行其分泌抗MEQ单克隆抗体（McAb）能力的筛选，获得4株稳定产生抗MEQ蛋白McAb的杂交瘤细胞，其中3G12E6通过FA和免疫酶组化技术能够检测到MDV致瘤株感染的CEF及自然MD肿瘤细胞中表达的meq基因产物。研究的结果首次发现，MDV致瘤株GA、RB1B感染的CEF及自然MD肿瘤细胞中均有meq基因的表达，但在弱毒疫苗株CV1988感染的CEF和免疫鸡组织细胞中则未检测到MEQ，作者认为这是由于meq基因在致瘤株中表达水平高，而在非致瘤株中表达水平低所致，这可能是决定MDV毒力（virulence）或致瘤性（oncogenicity）的关键因素之一。     

MDV中meq基因对CEF细胞chTERT,chTR表达影响的研究

利用TaqMan探针技术,采用实时荧光相对定量RT-PCR方法检测了MDV中meq基因对鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)的端粒酶催化亚单位基因(chTERT)、端粒酶RNA亚基(chTR)表达水平的影响,并用TRAP法测定了端粒酶活性,用流式细胞仪检测了细胞周期的变化.实验结果表明,转染48 h后chTERT表达水平为转染后72 h的16倍,chTR表达水平在转染前后基本不变;转染48 h后CEF细胞的相对端粒酶活性是转染72 h后的12倍;在转染后72 h S期细胞的百分比较未转染细胞显著增加.     

致弱Ⅰ型MDV pp38基因同源物的克隆和序列分析

将致弱Ⅰ型马立克氏病病毒(MDV)感染的细胞基因组DNA的EcoRⅠ酶切产物建于Puc18质粒载体文库中,以digoxingenin标记的含有强毒GA株MDV pp38基因克隆片段作为探针,进行原位杂交反应,初步筛选出阳性重组质粒,进一步用EcoRⅠ酶切分析筛选到含pp38基因同源物的重组Puc18质粒. 序列分析表明该pp38基因同源物与pp38基因有极高的同源性,仅有1个碱基突变并导致1个氨基酸的替换.     

新城疫病毒F48E8株核衣壳蛋白基因的序列分析

研究分析了新城疫病毒中国标准强毒Ｆ４８Ｅ８株核衣壳蛋白基因的序列,该基因的编码区长１４６７个碱基对,编码４８９个氨基酸,Ｆ４８Ｅ８株与弱毒株Ｄ２６株相比,核衣壳蛋白 的氨基酸同源性为９４．１％。     

2株甲型肝炎病毒蛋白酶2A核苷酸序列的测定与比较

从甲型肝炎病毒２个不同株感染的ＫＭＢ１７细胞中提取总ＲＮＡ,经ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ特异性扩增出此２毒株病毒蛋白２Ａ基因,将２个２Ａ基因克隆到ｐＧＥＭ－Ｔ载体上,经ＤＮＡ序列测定,得到２个２Ａ基因的核心苷酸序列,序列比较发现它们及与ＨＡＶ野毒株相对应序列有突变存在,Ｈ２株与ＨＭ１７５相比有一个点突变,同源性为９９．７２％;与ＨＭ１７５比较,Ｈ２株和Ｌ８株第３１９７位核苷酸均由Ａ突变为Ｇ,相应的氨基酸由丝氨酸     

表达鸡传染性支气管炎病毒SD/97/01株S1蛋白的重组杆状病毒的构建

采用BAC－TO－BAC杆状病毒表达载体体系构建了表达鸡传染性支管炎病毒（IBV）呼吸型毒株SD／97／01S1蛋白的重组杆病病毒，含SD／97／01株S1基因原重组质粒p MDSD9701S1用BamHI和SalI双酶切后，回收的片段并克琶杆病病毒转座载体pFASTBACHTa中多角体基因启动子的下游，筛选出重组转座质粒pFASTSD9701S1U并转化大肠杆菌DH10BAC后,获得重组穿梭质粒rBacmidSD9701S1，用重组穿俊质粒DNA转染昆虫Sf9细胞，获得了含SD／97／01S1基因的重组杆状病毒rAcSD9701S1，重组病毒感染Sf9细胞后，用SDS－PAGE、Westernblot和IFA对细胞表达产物进行检测和分析。结果表明：构建的重组杆状病毒能够在昆虫细胞中表达SD／97／01的S1蛋白，该蛋白具有天然蛋白的抗原性。     

新城疫病毒HB92株NP基因序列测定和分析

对NDV HB92株NP基因进行了序列测定和分析．结果显示，NDV HB92株NP基因全长1744个核苷酸，开放阅读框共1470个核苷酸，编码489个氨基酸；与其他10株NDV NP基因核苷酸同源性为88．3％～99．1％，氨基酸同源性为91．0％～98．9％；但HB92株与其亲本株QV4的核苷酸和氨基酸同源性只有90．3％和95．0％，不如与弱毒和中毒株的高；系统进化分析表明，HB92株与弱毒和中毒株的进化关系更近．以上结果表明，HB92株NP基因在序列上已远离无毒株而趋于向弱毒和中毒株进化．     

鸡新城疫病毒ND-xx08株F基因的克隆及分析

新城疫病毒（NDV）ND-xx08毒株经10 d龄SPF鸡胚增殖后,提取其基因组RNA并反转录成cDNA,用NDV F基因特异性引物,经PCR扩增后获得与F基因预期大小一致的DNA片段。将NDV F基因片段克隆到pMD18-T载体上,并进行EcoR I和Hind III双酶切鉴定和测序鉴定。结果显示,ND-xx08毒株F基因片段的长度为1 662 bp,共编码554个氨基酸,F蛋白的裂解位点为112R-R-Q-K-R-F117,是典型强毒株氨基酸序列结构。将NDV ND-xx08株F基因的47 bp到420 bp序列与新城疫病毒基因型I至基因型Ⅸ毒株的相同序列绘制病毒基因进化树,显示ND-xx08分离株属于基因Ⅶe型。将NDV ND-xx08株F全基因与国内外发表的23株NDV F基因核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列的同源性比较分析,结果表明,其核苷酸序列的同源性在82.7%~97.8%之间,氨基酸同源性在87.5%~97.7%之间。     

长叶车前花叶病毒上海株(RMVsh)外壳蛋白基因的克隆、序列分析及原核表达

长叶车前花叶病毒上海分离株（RMVsh)是从上海郊区的青菜（Brassica chinensis)上分离鉴定的，以提纯的病毒为材料，SDS－酚法纯化的基因组RNA作为模板，通过RT－PCR方法克服了该病毒的外壳蛋白基因（CP），DNA序列测定结果表明，外壳蛋白基因全长474个碱基，编码157个氨基酸，将CP基因插入原核表达载体pBAD/His-C中，转化E.coli Top10后，诱导表达，经聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析呈－特异性的蛋白条带，Western blot检测表明，表达产物与RMVsh抗血清呈阳性反应，RMVsh CP基因的核苷酸序列及氨基酸序列与烟草花叶病毒属中其他能侵染十字花科作物的成员相比，同源率分别为83．5％－98．9％和87．9％－99．4％，并讨论了RMVsh的分类地位为烟草花叶病毒属侵染十字花科植物2个亚组中的第一亚组的代表。     

中国流行株HIV—1gp120及其与IFNα基因共表达核酸疫苗质粒的构建及表达

目的 研究pGP和pGPIFNα在真核细胞中的表达。方法 以表达中国流行株HIV－1gp120基因的核酸疫苗质粒pGP及其表达中国流行株HIV－1gp120基因与IFNα基因与IFNα基因的核酸疫苗质粒pGPIFNα。转染BHK－21细胞，以间接免疫荧光鉴定其表达产物。结果 荧光显微镜下，pGP和pGPIFNα转染细胞可见绿色荧光，而HK－21细胞和空质粒则不见绿色荧光。结论 pGP和pGPIFNα可在真核细胞中表达目的蛋白gp120。     

Specific dephosphorylation of membrane proteins in Rous sarcoma virus-transformed chick embryo fibroblasts

Chick embryo fibroblasts (CEF) infected with avian sarcoma virus become rapidly transformed as a result of expression of the viral src gene in the form of a single polypeptide of molecular weight 60,000 (pp60src) with protein kinase activity and suggested preferential association with the plasma membrane. Studies with normal avian and mammalian cells have revealed the presence of an antigenically related protein which seems to have similar kinase activity, but which is present at less than 1% of the levels of virally induced src protein found in transformed cells. As dynamic phosphorylation is important in numerous regulatory processes, the phenotypic expression of transformation may arise from an imbalance in one or more regulatory mechanisms that are controlled by protein phosphorylation. The cell membrane is affected during transformation, including its phosphotransferase activity. The latter has been shown using isolated membrane fractions whose properties may be changed during preparation. Therefore, we have compared the phosphorylation state of individual membrane proteins found in intact normal and RSV-transformed cells and report here the identification of two heavily phosphorylated, acidic membrane proteins in normal CEF which are specifically dephosphorylated on transformation by wild-type and temperature-sensitive Rous sarcoma viruses.     

Inability of Rous sarcoma virus to cause sarcomas in the avian embryo

The injection of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) into the wing web of newly hatched chicks causes a rapidly growing sarcomatous tumour which is palpable within 1 week of inoculation; and cultures of fibroblasts derived from chick embryos (CEF) and infected with RSV become rapidly transformed. Genetic studies have determined that expression of a single viral gene, designated v-src, is necessary for neoplastic transformation. This gene codes for a 60,000-molecular weight phosphoprotein termed pp60SPC , which possesses a protein kinase activity that phosphorylates polypeptides on tyrosine residues and is constitutively expressed in infected CEF cells. It has been suggested that transformation, and possibly tumorigenesis, may result solely from the consequences of this increase in tyrosine phosphorylations. The pathogenicity of RSV in chick embryos in ovo is less clear. Murphy and Rous suggested that RSV may have caused tumours in "various tissues" of "some embryos", but the subsequent studies of Milford and Duran - Reynals , as well as several other laboratories, failed to find any evidence of intraembryonic tumours in RSV-infected early embryos. The findings of Duran - Reynals , if correct, cannot be explained easily in view of our present understanding of RSV tumorigenicity. Thus, we have re-examined the interaction of RSV with the avian embryo and confirm here that RSV is nontumorigenic and non-teratogenic when microinjected into day 4 chicken embryos. In addition, we found that (1) the virus not only replicates in the embryo, but it also expresses an active src-specific protein kinase and (2) once the cells from the infected limbs are disrupted and placed in culture, they are capable of expressing the transformed phenotype after a 24-h delay.     

Expression of human cytomegalovirus DNA polymerase in insect cells using baculovirus expression system: Purification and biochemical characterizations

Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) DNA polymerase gene was overexpressed in insect cells using the baculovirus transfer system. A6. 2 kb HCMV Rsr II-EcoRI DNA fragment with intact HCMV pol gene coding sequence was engineered into NheI site of vector pBlueBac under the control of polyhedrin promoter of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV). Recombinant AcNPV carried HCMV pol gene was generated by cotransfection of Spodoptera frugiperta cell (SF21) with AcNPV DNA and baculovirus transfer vector with HCMV pol gene. Infection of SF21 cell with recombinant virus lead to the expression of 140 kD peptide of HCMV specific DNA polymerase at the level approximately 2 mg per 10⁸ cells. The polypeptide was purified from the infected SF21 cells by a series of column chromatography to homogeneity. The purified enzyme had a molecular weight of 140 kD and reacted with antiserum specific for HCMV DNA polymerase. It exhibited both 3′–5′ and 5′–3′ exonuclease activities. This enzyme is also sensitive to phosphono acetate. Ye Linbai: born in Feb. 1948. Professor. Current research interest is in Vitology and Molecular Biology Supported by Public Health Service Grants CA21773, CA15036 and AI12717 from the National Institutes of Health     

鸡马立克氏病病毒与大肠杆菌混合感染症的病原分离鉴定

鸡呼吸道病流行病学调查的过程中,在韶关市某养鸡场观察到一群100日龄广西黄肉仔鸡发生了以呼吸道症状为主要临床表现的疾病,死亡率达10%.病理解剖学检查可见病鸡有单一或多器官肿瘤病变(4/8)、典型腹膜炎病变(3/8)和肿瘤与腹膜炎病变并存(2/8).在病鸡肿瘤组织切片中可见典型MD病理组织学变化.采用CEF接种方法,从有肿瘤和腹膜炎病鸡的羽髓液中分离到MDV.在病鸡的心、肝、脾等脏器分离到大肠杆菌O78血清型菌株.研究结果表明:HVT疫苗免疫鸡群MDV强毒株和E.coliO78血清型菌株以混合感染形式存在,病鸡出现以呼吸道症状为主的临床表现,死亡率明显增加.     

A BAC clone of MDV strain GX0101 with REV-LTR integration retained its pathogenicity

The complete genome of Marek＇s disease virus （MDV） strain GX0101, which was integrated with the LTR sequences of REV, was cloned in Escherichia coli as a bacterial artificial chromosome （BAC）. BAC vector sequences were introduced into the US2 locus of the MDV genome by homologous recombination. The viral DNA containing the BAC vector was used to transform Escherichia coli strain of DH10B. Then the recombinant virus was successfully rescued by transfection of the recombinant BAC DNA into primary chicken embryo fibroblast （CEF）. This BAC viral clone was named bac-GX0101. When the reconstituted virus was inoculated into 1-day-old birds, visceral tumors could be detected as early as 62 d post infection. There was no difference in growth ability and pathogenicity to birds between the BAC derived virus and its parental virus. The BAC derived virus maintained its oncogenicity and immunosuppressive effects. In conclusion, the complete genome of GX0101 strain was successfully cloned into BAC and the infectious clone was rescued. With the powerful BAC manipulation system, the infectious clone will provide a useful tool for further understanding the functional roles of the inserted REV-LTR sequence in the GX0101 strain of MDV,     

Acquisition of the human adeno-associated virus type-2 rep gene by human herpesvirus type-6.

Human herpesvirus type-6 (HHV-6) is a recently isolated herpesvirus which is highly prevalent in adult populations around the world. HHV-6 was first isolated from the peripheral blood of six individuals with lymphoproliferative disorders, two of whom were also infected with human immunodeficiency virus. HHV-6, in common with other herpesviruses, transactivates the HIV long terminal repeat linked to reporter genes and has in addition been shown to accelerate HIV gene expression and CD4 cell death in cultures co-infected with both viruses. The virus is tropic for CD4+ lymphocytes and persists in the peripheral blood of most seropositive individuals. We have now identified a gene in HHV-6 encoding a 490-amino-acid polypeptide homologous to the human adeno-associated virus type-2 (AAV-2) rep gene. This gene has an essential role in AAV-2 DNA replication, can trans-regulate homologous and heterologous gene expression, and inhibits cellular transformation. The acquisition of rep by HHV-6 could be due to natural transfer of genetic information between DNA viruses of eukaryotes and is likely to have important consequences for the life-cycle of HHV-6 and for the host CD4 cell.     

慢病毒介导的HTRA1突变基因感染对人脑血管平滑肌细胞内氧化应激反应的影响

检测HTRA1及HTRA1-Mut基因慢病毒载体转染HBVSMC后,HBVSMC内氧化应激水平的变化。以HTRA1及HTRA1-Mut基因慢病毒载体转染HBVSMC后,在特定的时间点收集NC、OE-WT HTRA1及OE-MU HTRA1三组细胞的总RNA及总蛋白,分别用RT-PCR和Western Blot的方法检测三组细胞的NOX4 mRNA及蛋白水平的表达情况;用DCFH-DA法检测三组细胞内的活性氧水平。从定量PCR结果可以看出,人脑血管平滑肌细胞中,OE-MU组NOX4基因表达丰度是NC组的2.015倍。从Western blot结果可以看出,在正常的人脑血管平滑肌细胞中NOX4蛋白水平表达较低,而在慢病毒LV-HRTA1及LV-HRTA1-MUT感染后NOX4蛋白表达水平增高。在正常的人脑血管平滑肌细胞中ROS水平表达较低,而在慢病毒LVHRTA1及LV-HRTA1-MUT感染后ROS蛋白表达水平增高,在突变型病毒感染细胞组表现更为明显。说明:1HTRA1突变型基因感染人脑血管平滑肌细胞后,细胞内活性氧产量增加,NOX4 mRNA水平的表达正常细胞升高,但较HTRA1野生型基因无明显差别;NOX4在蛋白水平表达较其他两组均升高;2HTRA1突变型基因感染的人脑血管平滑肌细胞出现增殖减少、迁移活力降低以及凋亡增加可能与细胞内的氧化应激有关,为进一步研究CARASIL发病机制奠定基础。     

视黄酸对胃癌细胞NM—IF系统变化的影响

选择性抽提整装扫描与透射电镜观察显示,人胃腺癌ＭＧｃ８０－３细胞核骨架纤维和中间纤维数量较少、分布不均匀,核纤层为厚薄不一结构,与两类纤维联系不密切．经１０－６ｍｏｌ／ＬＲＡ处理后,细胞核骨架纤维和中间纤维数量增多、结构层次丰富,分布均匀并相互交织成规则网络,两类纤维通过薄层均一的核纤层发生密切联系,形成贯穿整个细胞核质区域的完整体系．表明经ＲＡ诱导处理后ＭＧｃ８０－３细胞的核骨架－中间纤维系统产生了与正常细胞相似的恢复性改变．这种变化是癌细胞恶性表型逆转的重要形态特征和功能表现．