用微量量热法测定石油微生物的最佳生长酸度

在瑞典产２２７７热活性检测仪上用停流法在５０℃下测定了石油微生物菌种Ⅰ，Ⅱ，Ｐ在不同酸度培养基中的生长代谢热谱，按限制性条件下微生物生长代谢模型进行数学处理，求出三种细菌在不同酸度下的生长速率常数，拟合μ－ｐＨ非线性方程，确定各菌种最佳生长酸度的ｐＨ值分别为８．８９，８．２７，８．８２，说明这三种细菌均适于在碱性油藏中使用。     

光对光合细菌生长及色素合成的影响

研究光照和黑暗条件下生长的光合细菌转入不同光照强度下培养时其菌体生长速率及色素合成速率的变化，阐明光对光合细菌生长及色素合成的影响。结果表明，黑暗中生长的光合细菌进入光照条件下生长要经过一段适应期；随着光照强度的增加，菌体生长速率增加，但色素的比合成速率降低。     

光对光合细菌生长及色素合成的影响

研究光照和黑暗条件下生长的光合细菌转入不同光照强度下培养时其菌体生长速率及色素合成达率的变化，阐明光对光合细菌生长及色素合成的影响．结果表明，黑暗中生长的光合细菌进入光照条件下生长要经过一段适应期；随着光照强度的增加，菌体生长速率增加，但色素的比合成达率降低．     

环氧基硅烷化硅胶的制备及评价方法比较

详述了环氧基硅烷化试剂键合硅胶的３种方法：ｐＨ＝３．５水介质中的键合；非水介质中的键合；先开环后键合。比较了评价键合效果的３种鉴定方法：红外光谱法；化学滴定法，重量法，确定采用重量法评价键合效果，得出在非水介质中进行的键合可获最佳的结果。     

食用菌细胞融合新品种金凤2—1的生物学特性研究

金凤２－１是利用金针菇和凤尾菇的细胞原生质体，采用细胞融合技术德育选育出来的兼有亲本优良特性的新品种＾「１」。研究了温度、湿度、ｐＨ值、光线、培养基质、栽培料等因素与金凤２－１菌丝生长和子实体生长的关系。结果表明：金凤２－１母种最适宜在Ｎ源丰富的松针培养基、蛋白胨培养基、酵母膏和天然加富培养基上生长；菌丝生长温度范围为５～３５℃，最适温度为２０～２５℃，菌丝生长ｐＨ值范围是３～１０，最适ｐＨ为５～     

降低电厂灰水pH的细菌及特性研究

采用添加酿造废渣和高ｐＨ（约１１．３）驯化细菌的措施，提高了细菌降低灰水ｐＨ的效能．驯化后细菌约５０％在高ｐＨ（１１～１０）下降低ｐＨ速率明显优于原菌群．经初步鉴定，这些优势细菌主要是微球菌属和葡萄球菌属     

氧化亚铁硫杆菌生长迟缓期的影响因素

以溶液中Ｆｅ２＋ 的氧化表征氧化亚铁硫杆菌的生长规律,研究了初始ｐＨ 值、温度、静置与振荡培养、接种量、接种状态以及雄黄、雌黄对细菌生长迟缓期长短的影响．研究结果表明：适宜的初始ｐＨ 值（２．０～２ ．５） 、温度（３０～３５ ℃）、振荡培养、大的接种量以及处于对数生长期的菌种有相对较短的迟缓期;雄黄、雌黄的存在,延长了细菌生长的迟缓期,抑制了细菌的生长与繁殖．     

几种中草药对光合细菌生长的促进作用

提出在培养基中添加一定浓度的栝楼、木瓜、蒲公英和桔梗等中草药浸提液，可明显促进光合细菌的生长。其中，以栝楼的促生效果最好，浸提物浓度愈高，促生效果愈明显。所试浓度的栝楼、木瓜浸提液，没有发现对光合细菌生长有抑制作用。指出在生产性培养中，添加某些中草药促进光合细菌的生长是可行的。     

基质pH值对青霉发生的影响

基质ｐＨ 值对肯霉（ｐｅｎｉｃｉｌｌｉｕｍ）的发生有明显的影响，结果表明：在ｐＨ６．２～７．５的条件下，对青霉菌丝的生长及孢子的形成最为有利；但当ｐＨ超过９．５或低于４时，青霉菌丝的生长受到抑制．     

冀东冬小麦根腐病菌的生物学特性研究

对分离自冀东地区冬小麦上的根腐病菌的生物学特性的研究结果表明，病菌的菌丝生长温度范围为０～３９℃，最适温度为２４～２８℃；分生孢子在５～３５℃内均可萌发，１５～２４℃范围内萌发率高且芽管粗壮；产孢的温度范围为８～３０℃，２０～２２℃范围内产孢量最大；ｐＨ值在２～１２范围内菌丝都能生长，最适ｐＨ值为６～８；产孢的ｐＨ值范围为３～１０，中性或微酸性条件下，产孢量最大；分生孢子在ｐＨ值４～１０范围内均可萌发，中性或微酸性条件下萌发率最高；光照对病菌的生长发育影响较小；分生孢子在空气相对湿度低于９５％时不能萌发，水滴中的萌发率最高；营养利于孢子的萌发。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the