食用菌多糖的提取工艺研究

本文以平菇子实体为对象,探讨了食用菌子实体多糖的提取工艺,考察了料水比、浸提时间、浸提温度、醇析浓度等因素对提取结果的影响.实验结果表明,水法提取的最佳工艺条件为1∶40料水比,100℃,提取3.0h,80%乙醇醇析;碱法提取的最佳工艺为0.7 mol/L氢氧化钠,1∶60料液比,100 ℃,提取5h,80%乙醇醇析.     

正交实验法优选血三七药材提取工艺

通过正交实验,优选出血三七药材的最佳提取工艺.以干浸膏收率和槲皮素的含量作为考察指标,采用L9(34)正交表进行筛选,考察了乙醇的浓度、乙醇的用量、提取的时间、提取的次数、药材的粒径等因素以确定最佳的提取工艺.采用高效液相法测定血三七中槲皮素的含量,以C18柱为色谱柱,甲醇-0.4%磷酸溶液(49∶51)为流动相;检测波长为360nm.槲皮素标准品在1.13～9.04μg(r=0.9998)范围内呈良好的线性关系,优选提取工艺为血三七根茎粉碎成最粗粉,加90%的乙醇加热回流提取2次:第一次加6倍量90%乙醇,加热回流提取1.5h;第二次加4倍量90%乙醇,加热回流提取1h.     

小蓬草总黄酮提取条件及含量测定

采用聚酰胺吸附-硝酸铝显色法,以芦丁为标样,在510nm处测总黄酮含量,通过正交实验,在不同乙醇体积分数(50%、65%、80%),不同固液比(1∶20、1∶35、1∶50),不同提取时间(1h、2h、3h)和不同提取温度(40℃、60℃、80℃)条件下,得出小蓬草叶总黄酮提取最佳条件为:在80℃条件下乙醇体积分数65%,固液比1∶50,提取3h.并用该最佳提取条件分别提取小蓬草根、茎、叶中的黄酮类化合物,测其含量分别为0.773%、0.380%、1.185%.     

血三七药材提取工艺的优选研究

通过正交实验,优选出了血三七药材的最佳提取工艺.以干浸膏收率和槲皮素的含量作为考察指标,采用L9(34)正交表进行筛选,考察了乙醇的浓度和用量,提取的时间和次数,药材的粒径等因素以确定最佳提取工艺.采用高效液相法测定血三七中大黄素的含量,以C18柱为色谱柱,甲醇-0.1%磷酸溶液(体积比85∶15)为流动相;检测波长为254 nm.大黄素标准品在0.16～1.60μg(r=0.9999)范围内呈良好的线性关系,优选提取工艺为血三七根茎粉碎成最粗粉,加90%的乙醇加热回流提取2次:第一次加6倍量90%乙醇,加热回流提取1.5 h;第二次加4倍量90%乙醇,加热回流提取1 h为最佳提取工艺.     

沱茶总黄酮的提取及含量测定

采用超声波乙醇法从云南沱茶中提取总黄酮类化合物,单因素实验分析乙醇浓度、提取时间和料液比3个因素对沱茶总黄酮得率的影响.结果表明,以乙醇浓度φ=70%、提取时间30 min,料液比(g/m L)1∶30为超声法最佳提取工艺,提取总黄酮得率为5.978 mg/g,平均回收率为99.83%,RSD=0.96%(n=3),旨在为进一步综合开发利用云南沱茶提供参考依据.     

响应面法优化石榴皮多酚提取工艺研究

对石榴皮中多酚的提取工艺进行了优化研究.探讨了提取溶剂、乙醇浓度、分离目数、提取时间、料液比和提取温度对石榴皮中多酚提取的影响,并利用响应面法对提取工艺进行了优化.结果表明:当乙醇浓度为72%、提取温度为86℃、料液比为1∶26(w∶v),提取2.5 h,石榴皮中多酚含量最大值为209.055 mg/g.     

液固萃取法从烟叶中提取绿原酸的工艺研究

本文以烟叶为原料提取绿原酸,对其液固萃取工艺进行了系列研究,结果表明：从烟叶中提取绿原酸的最佳条件,即选择乙醇作为提取溶剂,提取时间1.5h,提取温度60℃,乙醇体积分数60%,料液比1∶30。     

正交试验法优选铃兰总黄酮的提取工艺

采用正交试验法研究铃兰中总黄酮的提取工艺,考察了乙醇含量、提取时间、提取次数、以及料液比等5个因素对铃兰总黄酮含量的影响.确立了铃兰总黄酮最佳提取条件为:70%的乙醇,提取时间为0.5h,提取次数为3次,料液比为1∶15.     

高粱黄酮的提取及其测定方法的建立

选用乙醇作为提取溶剂,对高粱中总黄酮进行提取,研究乙醇浓度、浸提温度、浸提时间、料液比对高粱黄酮提取率的影响.并通过单因素及正交试验,确定了高粱黄酮的最佳提取工艺:乙醇浓度为65%,80℃下浸提2 h,料液比为6∶100.此工艺下提取的高粱黄酮含量为0.54%.     

紫茎泽兰中绿原酸提取工艺的研究

采用正交试验比较了水提、醇提和乙酸乙酯提3种提取法,确定了紫茎泽兰叶中绿原酸用乙醇提取效果最佳,其最优提取工艺参数为:乙醇体积分数50%,乙醇pH值为4,料液质量比为1∶10,回流时间4 h,温度70℃.所得绿原酸进一步经NKA-9型大孔树脂纯化后纯度为23.91%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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