阈值光电子-光离子符合速度成像技术的初步应用

基于同步辐射的闲值光电子-光离子符合速度成像技术采用双速度聚焦电场同时控制电子和离子的飞行轨迹,提高了收集效率和能量分辨率.应用该技术开展了一些原子和分子的实验研究,分别测量了相应的阈值光电子谱、阈值光电子-光离子符合质谱、阈值光电子-光离子符合光谱和阈值光电子-光离子符合速度成像,展现了该技术在离子结构分析、混合物成分辨别和具有态选择的离子解离动力学等方面的初步应用.     

[Co（NH3）5Cl]Cl2的制备及组成测定探讨

研究了[Co（NH3）5Cl]Cl2的制备及组成测定。对学生实验中普遍存在的产品产率低、组成推断时内界氯的成分测不出、产品加热前后两次Co^2＋检验现象无明显区别等问题进行了探讨。分析了问题存在的原因,总结了实验成败关键,改进了制备方法,定量测定了[Co（NH3）5Cl]Cl2的组成。     

Measurement of the absorption spectrum of H2O+ in the visible region

Together with the 74 lines belonging to (0,9,0)- (0,0,0) band, the high-resolution absorption spectrum of H₂O⁺ A²A₁-X²B₁ system was observed in the visible region of 16680 — 17300 cm^-1 using optical heterodyne magnetic rotation enhanced velocity modulation spectroscopy for the first time, which verifies the high sensitivity and high signal to noise ratio (S/N) of this technique.     

Relationship between climatic conditions and the relative abundance of modern C3 and C4 plants in three regions around the North Pacific

Using −24‰ and −14‰ as the endpoints of stable carbon isotopic composition of total organic carbon (δ¹³C_TOC) of surface soil under pure C₃ and C₄ vegetation, and surface soil δ¹³C_TOC data from eastern China, Australia and the Great Plains of North Amer- ica, we estimate the relative abundance of C₃/C₄ plants (i.e., the ratio of C₃ or C₄ biomass to local primary production) in modern vegetation for each region. The relative abundance of modern C₃/C₄ vegetation from each region is compared to the corresponding climatic parameters (mean annual temperature and precipitation) to explore the relationship between relative C₄ abundance and climate. The results indicate that temperature controls the growth of C₄ plants. However, even where temperature is high enough for the growth of C₄ plants, they will only dominate the landscape when precipitation declines as temperatures increase. Our results are consistent with those of other investigations of the geographic distribution of modern C₄ plant species. Therefore, our results provide an important reference for interpretation of past C₃/C₄ relative abundance records in these three regions.     

Equilibrium geometric structure and electronic properties of Cl and H2O co-adsorption on Fe (100) surface

Based on the first principles density functional theory, the equilibrium geometric structure and surface electronic properties of Cl and H₂O co-adsorption on the Fe (100) surface are investigated. The results indicate that the optimal adsorption site for Cl and H₂O co-adsorption on the Fe (100) surface is the location of Cl at the bridge site and H₂O at the top site. Compared with the Fe (100)/H₂O adsorption system, remarkable changes in geometric structure and electronic properties occur, owing to the presence of Cl in the Fe (100)/(H₂O+Cl) adsorption system. The analysis of equilibrium geometric structure and surface electronic properties shows that the presence of Cl in the Fe (100)/(H₂O+Cl) adsorption system unstablizes the Fe surface, making it easy to lose electrons. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 50675112, 50721004) and Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (Grant No. 20070003103)     

C84富勒醇碳笼外接官能团数目的确定

为确定所合成的c84富勒醇外接官能团数目,利用同步辐射光电子能谱( XPS)技术,对C84富勒醇进行窄区域高分辨细扫描采集C1s芯能级能谱,分峰拟合C1s谱峰.确认该化合物的平均分子式为C84O8 (OH)I8.结果表明,同步辐射XPS法是确定富勒烯水溶性衍生物外接官能团数目的有力工具.     

Relationship between luminescence and matrices in the system A12O3-B2O3-Ce2O3

The system Al₂O₃-B₂O₃-Ce₂O₃, with Al/B ratio varying from 4.5 to 2 and Ce/(Al+B) = 0.02, has been prepared at the temperature from 1 200 to 1 400°C. Relationship between luminescence and matrices in the system Al₂O₃-B₂O₃-Ce₂O₃ was investigated. It was found that some changes of the matrices occurred with Al/B ratio varying from 4.5 to 2. These results lead to a great change in luminescence properties, indicating variation of Ce-surroundings of crystal field. With the decrease of the ratio from 3 to 2, the excitation and emission peaks shift to shorter wavelengths. It was also found that a new type of rare earth luminescent materials was obtained with appropriate Al/B ratio.     

少层Ti_3C_2T_x基复合材料的制备及其光催化性能

通过刻蚀Ti_3AlC_2前驱体制得少层Ti_3C_2T_x(DL-Ti_3C_2T_x),以二甲基亚砜为反应溶剂采用溶剂热法控制氧化DL-Ti_3C_2T_x制备了TiO_2/DL-Ti_3C_2T_x复合材料。借助XRD、SEM、TEM、Raman等对相关样品的物相结构及微观形貌进行表征,并通过罗丹明B的光降解实验评价了所制复合材料的光催化性能。结果表明,复合材料DL-Ti_3C_2T_x片层的表面形成了均匀致密的锐钛矿型TiO_2纳米颗粒,通过控制溶剂热温度能够调控复合材料中DL-Ti_3C_2T_x和TiO_2的相对含量,并且当溶剂热温度为100℃时,所制TiO_2/DL-Ti_3C_2T_x复合材料光催化性能最佳。     

FeCl3和Fe2Cl6与KCl反应的热力学研究

用骤冷法研究FeCl3和Fe2Cl6与KCl的反应热力学,结果显示,在温度(638-788)K和压力(0.001 1-0.006 4)MPa范围内,KFeCl4是唯一气态配合物产物.反应(1/2)Fe2Cl6(g)+KCl(s)=KFeCl4(g)的热力学函数是△H(OI)m(298.15,KFeCl4,g)=(19.6±2.0)kJ·mol-1,△S(OI)m(298.15,KFeCl4,g)=(-8.5±3.0)J·mol1·K-1;反应FeCl3(g)+KCl(s)=KFeCl4(g)的热力学函数是△H(OI)m(298.15,KFeCl4,g)=(-56.9±2.0)kJ·mol-1,△S(OI)m(298.15,KFeCl4,g)=(17.4±3.0)J·mol-1·K-1.     

Cl原子与CH3OCH2Br反应机理的量子化学研究

对C1与CH3OCH2Br的反应进行了量子化学研究．在MP2／6-311G（d，p）水平上优化了反应势能面上各驻点的几何结构，并在QCISD（T）／6-311G（d，p）水平上计算了各驻点的能量．通过内禀反应坐标（IRC）计算，对反应过渡态进行了确认，并确定了反应的机理．     

纳米Fe2O3-Al2O3复合材料的制备

采用溶胶-凝胶表面包覆法制备了纳米Fe₂O₃-Al₂ O₃复合材料, 利用X射线衍射和透射电镜对样品的物相、 粒度和形貌进行了研 究. 结果表明, α-Fe₂O₃掺杂降低了Al₂O₃相变温度, 在900 ℃可以得到稳定的α-Al₂O₃相.     

不同形貌LaBO_3型钙钛矿的制备及其催化H_2O_2分解反应性能

采用柠檬酸络合法制备了La BO3(B=Fe,Co,Ni)钙钛矿催化剂,通过X-射线粉末衍射(XRD)、傅立叶-红外光谱(FT-IR)、透射电镜(TEM)、X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)等对催化剂进行了表征,在室温下测定了其对H2O2的催化分解能力.结果表明:催化分解能力依次为La Ni O3>La Co O3>La Fe O3,说明Ni较Co和Fe能更好地分解H2O2.通过改变La Fe O3催化剂的形貌也能提高催化剂性能,如多孔状La Fe O3较负载在SBA-15上的La Fe O3具有更好的催化分解活性.     

Spontaneous transformation of C60Br24 to C60 in solvents

It was found that C₆₀Br₂₄ transforms to C₆₀ spontaneously in some solvents. The intermediate, C₆₀Br₈, can be separated in some cases. When the bromine trap, phenol, was added,p-bromophenol and other brominated product were obtained and identified. The influences of time, the kind of solvent, etc were investigated. Possible mechanism was suggested. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Liu Ying: born in 1969, Ph. D     

Distribution of C4 plants along the Northeast China transect and its correlation to the environmental factors

The distribution of C₄ plants and the C₄/C₃ ratio along Northeast China transect (NECT) have been studied. A model to quantify their relation with environmental factors has been set up. The ratio of the number of C₄ plants to that of C₃ plants along NECT shows two low and two high trends from east to west, and their distribution is mainly decided by annual average temperature and precipitation.     

纳米Al2O3颗粒对Cu-Al2O3性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米Al₂O₃颗粒,通过粉末冶金法制备氧化铝铜（Cu-Al₂O₃）。采用X射线光电子能谱仪、扫描电子显微镜、洛氏硬度仪和涡流计分别测试了Cu-Al₂O₃的结合能、微观组织、硬度和导电率。结果表明：随Al₂O₃颗粒含量的增加,Cu-Al₂O₃的硬度先升高后降低,当Al₂O₃颗粒的质量分数达到0.084%时,Cu-Al₂O₃的硬度达到最大值75.73（HRB）。Cu-Al₂O₃的导电率随着Al₂O₃颗粒含量的增加逐渐下降。Al₂O₃颗粒的质量分数为0.084%时为最佳值,Cu-Al₂O₃的硬度达到最大值,导电率达到69.1% IACS。     

O3/H2O2工艺控制太湖原水中致嗅氨基酸

针对太湖原水中氨基酸氯化消毒后可能引发的嗅味问题,采用太湖某水厂滤后水为研究对象,考察了O₃/H₂O₂深度处理工艺对水中致嗅氨基酸的去除效果及影响因素。结果表明滤后水中致嗅氨基酸占总游离氨基酸的81.6%,采用O₃/H₂O₂工艺降解致嗅氨基酸的最佳投量为1.5 mg·L^-1O₃和0.06 mM H₂O₂,去除率91.28%,致嗅氨基酸浓度降至484.62ng·L^-1,加氯消毒后几乎没有致嗅风险。水温10～30℃范围内,O₃/H₂O₂对致嗅氨基酸的去除率随温度升高而增大;pH=6～8范围内,去除率随p H的升高而增大。另外,该组合工艺较单独O₃/H₂O₂对溴酸盐的生成也有明显抑制作用。     

Y_2O_3/GeO_2/环氧树脂基辐射防护材料的制备及性能研究

用表面处理稀土氧化物Y_2O_3,GeO_2的方法制备了Y_2O_3/GeO_2/环氧树脂辐射防护材料.采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)研究了材料的微观结构;用多道γ谱仪测试并分析了材料的辐射防护能力.结果表明,制得的材料中的Y_2O_3和GeO_2粒子并未与环氧树脂发生键和反应,Y_2O_3与GeO_2粉末的加入明显提升了材料防护射线的效果.     

Pu(H2O)53+和Pu(H2O)54+ 团簇的相对论密度泛函研究

用TPSSTPSS密度泛函方法, Pu离子和H₂O分子分别采用相对论有效原子实势(RECP)和6-31g基组, 研究了Pu(H₂O)₅³⁺和Pu(H₂O)₅⁴⁺ 团簇溶剂化和非溶剂化效应中的几何结构及紫外可见吸收光谱. 计算结果表明: 水溶剂环境对Pu(H₂O)₅³⁺及Pu(H₂O)₅⁴⁺ 团簇的几何结构影响都比较明显. NBO电荷分析表明水分子与钚离子之间没有直接的电荷转移. 所研究团簇的未配对电子都占据5f轨道. 在气相及水溶剂环境下, 所研究团簇的紫外可见吸收光谱存在较大差距. 主要的吸收峰大都源于f电子之间的跃迁.     

Structure properties for the superconductor MgCNi<Subscript>3</Subscript> under high pressure with synchrotron radiation

In situ high pressure energy dispersive X-ray diffraction measurements on cubic-perovskite superconductor MgCNi₃ under pressure up to 22 GPa have been performed by using diamond anvil cell with synchrotron radiation. We have investigated its crystal structure and compressibility. The results show that the structure of MgCNi₃ is stable under pressure up to 22 GPa. According to Birch-Murnaghan state equation, when we assume B ₀′ = 4, we get B₀ = 267.8 ± 7.2 GPa.