Abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome

Metabolic syndrome is associated with abdominal obesity, blood lipid disorders, inflammation, insulin resistance or full-blown diabetes, and increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Proposed criteria for identifying patients with metabolic syndrome have contributed greatly to preventive medicine, but the value of metabolic syndrome as a scientific concept remains controversial. The presence of metabolic syndrome alone cannot predict global cardiovascular disease risk. But abdominal obesity - the most prevalent manifestation of metabolic syndrome - is a marker of 'dysfunctional adipose tissue', and is of central importance in clinical diagnosis. Better risk assessment algorithms are needed to quantify diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk on a global scale.     

心血管疾病患者超高倍多媒体显微镜的活血分析

取患者手指末梢 1滴血制成活血片 ,用超高倍多媒体显微镜 ,直接观察细胞的流变性、红细胞聚集、血小板聚集 .结果表明 :2 5例冠心病患者的红细胞聚集有极显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1) ,血小板聚集有极显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1) ;2 3例高血压病患者的红细胞聚集有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5) ,血小板聚集有极显著性差异 (P <0 .0 0 1) ;2 2例冠心病并发高血压患者的红细胞聚集有极显著性差异 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,血小板聚集有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5) .心血管疾病患者超高倍多媒体显微镜活血分析 ,对早期发现潜在性心血管疾病、早期预防、指导治疗和判断预后均具有重要的临床意义 .     

甘草中的活性物质在心脑血管疾病治疗中的应用

心脑血管疾病是心血管疾病和脑血管疾病的统称,其中,心血管疾病主要包括心脏病和心脏血管疾病;而脑血管疾病则指一类由脑部血管病变所引发的脑部机能障碍疾病。甘草是一味应用广泛的中药,甘草的主要生物活性成分包括三萜类化合物、黄酮类化合物及多糖类化合物等。近年来,甘草被广泛地应用于治疗脑缺血、记忆障碍、心肌缺血、心肌炎等心脑血管疾病,其临床应用具有广阔的前景。     

动态血压变异性与高血压伴冠心病的关系探讨

目的 :探讨动态血压变异性(ABPV)与高血压伴冠心病的关系。方法 :采用24h动态血压监测(24hABPM)仪 ,对46例原发性高血压(EH)伴冠心病(CHD)和60例EH无并发症患者及45例正常人进行24hABPM ,以24h、白天、夜间血压均值 ,血压变异性为参数指标。结果:三组24h、白天、夜间血压均值相互比较有显著的统计学意义(P<0 01)。血压变异性 ,EH伴CHD与高血压无并发症组及正常对照组比较有显著的统计学意义(P<0 01) ,而高血压无并发症组与正常对照组比较除白天收缩压变异性有明显差异性外 ,其余无统计学意义。结论:高血压伴冠心病与动态血压变异性及动态血压均值有密切的关系。血压变异性可作为一项有别于平均血压的独立的预测心血管病变及自主神经受损程度的敏感指标。     

Human metabolic phenotype diversity and its association with diet and blood pressure

Metabolic phenotypes are the products of interactions among a variety of factors-dietary, other lifestyle/environmental, gut microbial and genetic. We use a large-scale exploratory analytical approach to investigate metabolic phenotype variation across and within four human populations, based on 1H NMR spectroscopy. Metabolites discriminating across populations are then linked to data for individuals on blood pressure, a major risk factor for coronary heart disease and stroke (leading causes of mortality worldwide). We analyse spectra from two 24-hour urine specimens for each of 4,630 participants from the INTERMAP epidemiological study, involving 17 population samples aged 40-59 in China, Japan, UK and USA. We show that urinary metabolite excretion patterns for East Asian and western population samples, with contrasting diets, diet-related major risk factors, and coronary heart disease/stroke rates, are significantly differentiated (P < 10(-16)), as are Chinese/Japanese metabolic phenotypes, and subgroups with differences in dietary vegetable/animal protein and blood pressure. Among discriminatory metabolites, we quantify four and show association (P < 0.05 to P < 0.0001) of mean 24-hour urinary formate excretion with blood pressure in multiple regression analyses for individuals. Mean 24-hour urinary excretion of alanine (direct) and hippurate (inverse), reflecting diet and gut microbial activities, are also associated with blood pressure of individuals. Metabolic phenotyping applied to high-quality epidemiological data offers the potential to develop an area of aetiopathogenetic knowledge involving discovery of novel biomarkers related to cardiovascular disease risk.     

Deep learning algorithm using fundus photographs for 10-year risk assessment of ischemic cardiovascular diseases in China

Ischemic cardiovascular diseases (ICVD),including ischemic stroke and coronary heart disease,has become the top cause of death in China [1].A 10-year ICVD risk ...     

Genetic variants in novel pathways influence blood pressure and cardiovascular disease risk

Blood pressure is a heritable trait influenced by several biological pathways and responsive to environmental stimuli. Over one billion people worldwide have hypertension (≥140?mm?Hg systolic blood pressure or ≥90?mm?Hg diastolic blood pressure). Even small increments in blood pressure are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. This genome-wide association study of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, which used a multi-stage design in 200,000 individuals of European descent, identified sixteen novel loci: six of these loci contain genes previously known or suspected to regulate blood pressure (GUCY1A3-GUCY1B3, NPR3-C5orf23, ADM, FURIN-FES, GOSR2, GNAS-EDN3); the other ten provide new clues to blood pressure physiology. A genetic risk score based on 29 genome-wide significant variants was associated with hypertension, left ventricular wall thickness, stroke and coronary artery disease, but not kidney disease or kidney function. We also observed associations with blood pressure in East Asian, South Asian and African ancestry individuals. Our findings provide new insights into the genetics and biology of blood pressure, and suggest potential novel therapeutic pathways for cardiovascular disease prevention.     

太极拳锻炼对中老年人体质的影响

为了探讨太极拳运动锻炼对中老年人体质健康的作用,随机选择实验观察组及对照组各30人,实验组进行太极拳运动锻炼2年以上．测两组体重指数、体质指数、静态心率（HR）、血压、空腹血糖（BS）,血脂及红细胞超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、血清过氧化脂质（LPO）等指标．结果显示,太极拳运动锻炼组体重指数、HR、血压、BS、LPO均低于对照组组（P〈0．01）;动脉硬化、高血压病、高甘油三酯血症的发生率明显低于对照组组（P〈0．01）．     

他汀类药物对早发冠心病 急性心肌梗死患者心脏及血管内皮功能改善研究

目的探讨早发冠心病急性心肌梗死患者应用不同他汀类药物后对心功能和血管内皮功能水平的影响.方法选取156例早发冠心病急性心肌梗死患者,随机平均分成两组,其中78例患者给予瑞舒伐他汀作为甲组,其他患者给予阿托伐他汀作为乙组,比较两组患者心脏功能、血管内皮功能、血脂和hs-CRP变化情况.随访12个月,记录患者相关不良心血管事件.结果两组患者给药后,甲组hs-CRP,TC,LDL-C水平均明显优于乙组(P0.05);甲组患者FMD,LVEF,IMT和HDL-C水平在接受治疗前后与乙组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者给药前后各项指标均有提高,甲组不良心血管事件发生率低于乙组,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05).结论治疗早发冠心病急性心肌梗死瑞舒伐他汀与阿托伐他汀比较,对血管内皮功能和心脏功能改善方面效果相近,而在降脂和减轻炎性反应效果方面前者更佳,不良心血管事件更少.     

Translating molecular discoveries into new therapies for atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis is characterized by the thickening of the arterial wall and is the primary cause of coronary artery disease and cerebrovascular disease, two of the most common causes of illness and death worldwide. Clinical trials have confirmed that certain lipoproteins and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system are important in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and that interventions targeted towards these are beneficial. Furthermore, efforts to understand how risk factors such as high blood pressure, dysregulated blood lipids and diabetes contribute to atherosclerotic disease, as well as to understand the molecular pathogenesis of atherosclerotic plaques, are leading to new targets for therapy.     

基于光电容积脉搏波的心血管多参数检测系统

为了实现人体心血管多参数检测,设计了一种基于光电容积脉搏波描记法(photoplethysmography,PPG)的心血管多参数检测系统.该系统采用S5PV210处理器为控制核心,设计了指端脉搏波采集及滤波电路,提取指端脉搏波信号特征,测量人体心率、血氧饱和度、血压值.结果 表明:与标准仪器对比,心率测量最大误差为5次/min;血氧饱和度测量最大误差为2％;血压测量满足ANSL/AA-MI国际电子血压仪标准.     

Mechanisms linking obesity with cardiovascular disease

Obesity increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and premature death. Adipose tissue releases a large number of bioactive mediators that influence not only body weight homeostasis but also insulin resistance - the core feature of type 2 diabetes - as well as alterations in lipids, blood pressure, coagulation, fibrinolysis and inflammation, leading to endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. We are now beginning to understand the underlying mechanisms as well as the ways in which smoking and dyslipidaemia increase, and physical activity attenuates, the adverse effects of obesity on cardiovascular health.     

肥胖的风险与平板运动心电图诊断(综述)

通过文献资料法、实践观察法等研究方法研究了肥胖引起的合并症、肥胖患者在运动中存在的风险、以及肥胖的治疗和预防。研究结果发现,近年来肥胖的现象在全球越来越普遍,由于生活习惯等因素的改变,出现很大一部分超重或者肥胖的人群。这些人群可能出现冠心病、Ⅱ型糖尿病、胰岛素抵抗、高胰岛素血症、脂肪肝等各种合并症,并且在运动中存在潜在危险。平板运动心电图试验是诊断冠心病、评价心功能和运动耐力的简便有效的方法,通过试验可以诱发心律失常状况,或加重心血管疾病的某些症状,从而发现具有运动风险的人群,并对其运动负荷和持续时间提供指导。治疗和预防肥胖需要家庭、学校、工作场所、社区等多方面的支持。     

运动对高血压和纤溶系统的影响

低、中强度的运动可以显降低原发性高血压患的血压，减少心脑血管疾病的发生。过大的运动量却能加大患纤溶功能的障碍，易于形成血栓性疾病。     

家兔蓝斑复合核注射P物质对血压和心率的影响

目的 :探讨P物质在蓝斑复合核对心血管活动的影响。方法 :实验在 35只麻醉、制动、人工呼吸的家兔上进行。结果 :将SP微量注入蓝斑复合核 ,家兔血压明显升高 ,心率加快 ;于蓝斑复合核区内微量注射P物质抗血清 ,使血压降低 ,心率减慢。结论 :SP在蓝斑复合核具有兴奋心血管活动的效应 ,内源性SP可能通过兴奋蓝斑复合核区神经元参与心血管活动的调节     

Association of cystatin C level and cardiovascular prognosis for patients with preexisting coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis

The association of circulating levels of cystatin C (CysC) and risk of recurrent cardiovascular events in patients with preexisting coronary heart disease are uncertain. To qualitatively and quantitatively address this issue, we performed a random meta-analysis of results from prospective studies on the topic. We searched electronic and printed sources (up to 16 October 2011) using keywords and retrieved articles for seven prospective studies according to the selection criteria. Data were abstracted and meta-analysis was performed using the random-effects model (RevMan 5.0.23 software). The cohorts involved 4,576 patients with preexisting coronary heart disease (CHD) and normal or mild chronic kidney disease, and follow-up ranged from 5.6 to 40.6 months. Highest versus lowest baseline CysC level was significantly associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events (OR 2.30, 95 % CI 1.80–2.94), all-cause mortality (OR 5.69, 95 % CI 3.70–8.74), but not with recurrent MI (OR 1.75, 95 % CI 0.77–4.00). In heterogeneity testing for studies reporting cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality, no significant heterogeneity was found, and exclusion of any single study did not alter the overall finding. For risk of recurrent MI, significant heterogeneity was found among the five trials (χ ² = 13.16, P = 0.01, I ² = 70 %) and exclusion of the Taglieri et al. [12] study from the analysis resulted in a rise in relative risk (OR 2.36, 95 % CI 1.09–5.15). In conclusion, for patients with established CHD, high baseline level of CysC is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause death during long-term follow-up.     

2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者的血脂异常分析

目的探讨2型糖尿病合并冠心病与血脂异常的关系。方法收集常熟市中医院老年康复中心2004年3月至2005年10月住院病人中2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者共77例,从本中心健康体检者中选取35例作为正常对照组(Ⅲ组),测定血脂水平并进行比较。结果Ⅰ组糖尿病合并心肌梗死组血浆甘油三酯(TG)、血浆总胆固醇(TC)、载脂蛋白B(ApoB)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)明显升高,高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、载脂蛋白A(ApoA)显著降低,与Ⅱ组无心肌梗死组相比,差异显著(P<0.01),与Ⅲ组正常对照组相比较血TG水平升高,HDL降低(P<0.01)。结论TG升高及HDL的降低是2型糖尿病合并冠心病等心血管疾病发生、发展的主要危险因素。     

代谢综合征左心功能研究进展

 简述了代谢综合征(metalbolic syndrome,MS)的定义及临床诊断标准,综述了高血压(EH)、肥胖、血糖异常、血脂异常等危险因素与左室心功能间的关系,分析了多种危险因素聚集一体的MS 的心功能变化特点。MS 患者的左室功能降低是由多个心血管危险因素引起,会导致多个复杂的代谢反应,影响心肌的结构和代谢环境,也改变了心肌功能和心肌能量。因此MS 患者在有症状的心力衰竭发展之前,可能存在一段时间亚临床的左心室功能障碍。     

太极拳运动对老年人心血管系统影响的研究进展

收集并分析了近些年来国内关于太极拳运动对老年人心血管系统影响的相关文献.从心脏、血管及血流流变学三个方面阐述了长期练习太极拳对老年人心血管功能的影响,并简述了相关研究存在的问题及太极拳运动的发展前景.     

血小板聚集功能临床应用进展

血小板具有凝血和止血的功能.血小板聚集率在一定程度上能预示患者的出血风险,故对患者进行血小板功能试验的检测对临床治疗和患者出血风险评估方面有着重要的意义.血小板聚集功能的测定对于临床上诊断出血性疾病、血栓前状态、血栓性疾病及抗血小板药物监测方面具有重要意义.血小板聚集率检测在血液病、心内科疾病、神经内科疾病、内分泌科疾病及其并发症的预防、抗凝药物的监测、疾病辅助诊断和预后发挥着积极的作用.因此开展血小板聚集功能检测技术是临床不可缺少的项目之一.