乙醇水溶液体积分数和温度的近红外激光拉曼光谱研究

为了研究乙醇水溶液近红外激光拉曼光谱随体积分数和温度的变化,首先通过便携式近红外激光拉曼光谱仪测得0~100%乙醇水溶液在10~30℃的拉曼光谱,然后将温度和拉曼光谱值一起用于建立体积分数预测模型,以提高其预测精度.结果表明:带有温度值的PLS模型相关系数(Rc)为0.997 6,校正均方根误差(RMSEC)为1.94,预测模型相关系数(Rp)均达到0.995 0以上,建立的乙醇水溶液联合模型性能较稳定,能够满足不同温度下乙醇水溶液体积分数的测定,满足实际在线检测的需要.进一步研究温度与乙醇水溶液的近红外拉曼光谱的关系,在体积分数0~100%每隔10%建立一个近红外拉曼光谱的温度PLS模型,得到11个模型的相关系数,R值在0.734 4和0.954 7之间,并且随着乙醇体积分数变大,R值越来越大.     

近红外光谱在印刷品颜色检测中的应用

为了对印刷品颜色进行快速、准确检测,应用近红外光谱技术(NIR)并结合偏最小二乘法(PLS)建立印刷品颜色检测模型.对近红外光谱获取的144个样本光谱曲线,应用主成分分析方法进行降维,维数为5.选取的主成分作为光谱优化特征子集以替代原来复杂的光谱数据.随后,将144个样本数据随机分为定标集和预测集,利用偏最小二乘法在103个定标集样本数据基础上建立印刷品颜色预测模型,应用此模型对41个预测集样本颜色进行预测.研究结果表明:利用PLS模型得到样本的实测值和预测值之间的预测决定系数(R~2)为99.74%,预测平均相对误差为0.636%,表明利用近红外光谱技术检测印刷品颜色是可行的.     

基于近红外光谱无损快速检测面粉品质的研究

提出一种基于近红外光谱技术结合偏最小二乘法对面粉品质进行无损快速检测的方法.配制含滑石粉的面粉样品30个,采集样品在12 500~4 000 cm-1范围内的近红外漫反射光谱,选择最优的光谱预处理方法和光谱范围,采用偏最小二乘法(PLS)建立定量分析模型.结果表明所建定量分析模型的相关性能比较高,预测相关系数和预测均方根误差均符合要求.研究发现,近红外光谱技术用于快速无损检测面粉掺假是可行的.     

基于BP神经网络的隧道下穿既有运营地铁线注浆施工参数预测——以广州地铁18号线隧道注浆工程为例

新建隧道下穿既有运营地铁线施工过程中极易对既有运营地铁线产生不利影响,而广泛采用的超前预注浆尚处于以经验性选取注浆施工参数的阶段,导致工程事故频发。为此,首先以开挖段地层物性参数、地层位移变化值作为输入层,注浆施工参数为输出层,构建了基于BP(back propagation)神经网络的注浆施工参数预测模型;其次,以MAPE(mean absolute percentage error)作为预测精度评价指标,采取试算法对BP神经模型参数(隐含层节点数目、学习率)进行了探讨;最后,将提出的BP神经网络用于指导工程实践。研究结果表明：当BP神经网络预测模型隐含层节点数为9、学习率为0.01、训练次数为20 000以及精度目标值为1×10^-4时,模型适用性评价显示预测值与监测值之间最大相对误差为19,平均相对误差均低于13,说明提出的BP神经网络预测模型可行;进一步的工程应用结果表明：采用预测的注浆施工参数进行注浆后掌子面稳定、开挖过程中未发生隧道塌方等事故,满足相关规范要求。研究成果也可在隧道下穿其他结构或建筑物灾害防控注浆工程中得到推广应用。     

光谱分辨率的选取对食用油近红外模型性能影响分析

近红外光谱仪的类型和工作参数的设定对测量过程和分析结果均有一定影响.重点讨论了在傅立叶变换型光谱仪上设定不同的光谱分辨率对食用油近红外定量模型性能的影响.实验采用Vertex 70光谱仪,在3种光谱分辨率(4,8,16 cm-1)条件下,采用透射式液体光纤探头采集60份食用油样品近红外谱图.针对3组近红外光谱样品集,分别采用蒙特卡罗采样法剔除异常样品,根据Kennard-Stone法划分校正集和校验集后,建立优化食用油棕榈酸近红外定量分析模型并作预测.结果表明基于16 cm-1建立的食用油近红外模型指标优于4 cm-1和8 cm-1所建的模型,该结果可以为均匀液体作近红外检测时光谱分辨率的设定提供参考.     

基于改进遗传算法的区间光谱特征波长变量选择方法

为提高土壤养分近红外光谱预测模型的鲁棒性和预测精度,提出一种基于改进遗传算法的近红外区间光谱特征波长变量选择方法.利用土壤速效磷近红外光谱全光谱波长变量纯度梯度的正负变化次数将全光谱划分为多个波长间隔,以偏最小二乘回归模型(PLS-R)输出的变量投影重要性系数(V_(VIP))大于1作为提取准则,提取对土壤养分预测目标量解释性较强的波长间隔,并合并成一个区间光谱.建立区间光谱特征波长变量(FWV)PLS-R模型,利用改进遗传算法选择PLS-R的均方根误差为最小对应的FWV为最优FWV.试验结果表明:该方法在区间光谱选择最优FWV,能提高回归模型的鲁棒性和预测精度,简化模型结构;改进遗传算法采用一种改进的实数编码差分变异算子,扩大了全局最优解搜索空间,提高了收敛速度.     

用近红外光谱法实时监测蛹虫草发酵中胞内多糖的质量浓度

应用近红外光谱(NIR)结合偏最小二乘法(PLS)建立一种实时监测蛹虫草发酵中胞内多糖质量浓度的新方法.对39个批次的蛹虫草在3个不同条件的5L发酵罐中进行蛹虫草深层发酵,发酵过程中间隔一定时间取样,采集样品的近红外光谱,并按常规方法测定样品中胞内多糖质量浓度,再采用PLS法建立样品的近红外光谱与胞内多糖质量浓度间的模型,所建模型经过选择最适光谱预处理方法和最适隐变量数进行优化,其留一交互验证预测值与化学测定参考值间的相关系数R=0.8750,交互验证均方根误差RMSECV=0.3052.采用最优PLS模型对样品中胞内多糖质量浓度进行预测,校正集预测均方根误差RMSEC=0.1670,预测集预测均方根误差RMSEP=0.3650,表明模型的稳健性和预测性能较好。     

基于傅里叶近红外特征光谱的血流感染致病菌鉴别研究

利用傅里叶变换近红外光谱(FT-NIR)收集1 000~1 852 nm范围内3种常见病原菌大肠杆菌(ATCC25922)、金黄色葡萄球菌(ATCC 29213)、铜绿假单胞菌(ATCC 27853)的近红外透射光谱,采用竞争性自适应重加权算法(CARS)对波长变量进行筛选,并分别结合偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS-DA)、最小二乘-支持向量机(LS-SVM)建立鉴别模型.比较两种鉴别模型在进行波长变量优选前后的性能发现,采用全波段建模的PLS-DA与LS-SVM两种模型的预测性能较低;利用CARS对波长变量进行筛选后,对优选的24个特征波长分别建立两种鉴别模型,模型预测性能明显提高,其中以LS-SVM模型最优,3种病原菌准确率分别为85.0%,100%和100%.研究结果表明,利用CARS能够有效去除光谱无用信息,减少模型复杂度,增强模型预测性能,结合LS-SVM可为临床利用近红外快速检测血流感染病原菌提供一种新的方法.     

近红外光谱分析技术在监测L-异亮氨酸发酵过程中的应用

以L-异亮氨酸发酵过程的发酵液为样品, 用偏最小二乘法考察2种光谱采集方式、 7种光谱预处理方法及不同光谱波段选择对建立5种氨基酸光谱预测模型精度的影响. 通过建立L-异亮氨酸发酵过程中主副产物最佳光谱预测模型, 确定最佳光谱信息采集方式、 光谱预处理方法、 光谱波长范围及模型因子数. 结果表明: 反射扫描优于透射扫描获取光谱所建最佳预测模型; 反射光谱采集L- 异亮氨酸、 L-丙氨酸、 L-谷氨酸、 L-亮氨酸和L-苏氨酸5种氨基酸最佳校正模型相关系数均大于0.96, 其交互验证均方差分别为1.760,0.462,0.430,0.259,0.199, 相对分析误差分别为7.8,6.8,6.3,5.0,6.4, 表明所提出的近红外光谱分析法快速检测氨基酸发酵液中各成分稳定可行.     

近红外光谱分析技术在监测L-异亮氨酸发酵过程中的应用

以L-异亮氨酸发酵过程的发酵液为样品, 用偏最小二乘法考察2种光谱采集方式、 7种光谱预处理方法及不同光谱波段选择对建立5种氨基酸光谱预测模型精度的影响. 通过建立L-异亮氨酸发酵过程中主副产物最佳光谱预测模型, 确定最佳光谱信息采集方式、 光谱预处理方法、 光谱波长范围及模型因子数. 结果表明: 反射扫描优于透射扫描获取光谱所建最佳预测模型; 反射光谱采集L- 异亮氨酸、 L-丙氨酸、 L-谷氨酸、 L-亮氨酸和L-苏氨酸5种氨基酸最佳校正模型相关系数均大于0.96, 其交互验证均方差分别为1.760,0.462,0.430,0.259,0.199, 相对分析误差分别为7.8,6.8,6.3,5.0,6.4， 表明所提出的近红外光谱分析法快速检测氨基酸发酵液中各成分稳定可行.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with