手性蜂窝夹芯概念发动机罩行人头部保护性能仿真

为了减小汽车事故中的行人头部损伤,提出了一种具有四韧带手性蜂窝芯体的夹芯吸能式发动机罩概念设计.建立了头型冲击器、四韧带手性蜂窝以及传统六边形蜂窝夹芯的吸能式发动机罩有限元模型,仿真对比了两种机罩对行人头部的保护性能.结果表明:与六边形蜂窝相比,四韧带手性蜂窝夹芯机罩能更有效地减小行人头部碰撞损伤.建立的四韧带手性蜂窝夹芯吸能式发动机罩,可以为汽车事故中用于行人头部保护的新型吸能发动机罩设计提供参考.     

泡沫铝层合结构汽车发动机罩板研究

为了提高汽车的节能性、安全性,文章以某汽车发动机罩板为设计原型,以轻量化和刚度满足要求为约束条件,设计了泡沫铝层合结构汽车发动机罩板;利用有限元仿真分析方法对2种结构汽车发动机罩板的静态性能及其与行人头部碰撞保护性进行了分析。结果表明,泡沫铝层合结构汽车发动机罩板不仅可以实现汽车轻量化,达到节能减排的目的,而且还可提高汽车发动机罩板的静态性能及与行人碰撞的安全性。     

基于行人落地碰撞的车辆前部结构参数分析

在行人-车辆碰撞事故中,行人头部损伤不仅源于行人与车辆的一次碰撞,而且还有与地面的二次碰撞.为了综合分析车辆前部结构参数对一、二次碰撞中行人运动学及头部损伤的影响,本文在MADYMO中对车辆前部结构(挡风玻璃角度(WA)、发动机罩角度(BA)、发动机罩长度(BL)、发动机罩前沿高度(BLEH)和离地间隙(GC))进行参数调整,构建一系列行人-车辆碰撞多体模型,并采用多元线性回归方法分析车辆参数对行人运动学和头部损伤的影响.结果表明,一、二次碰撞中,BLEH对行人头部HIC值(车)和行人旋转角度的影响均最为显著(p0.01),BA对头部角加速度(车)的影响较BLEH更为显著,WA、BL和GC对行人运动学与损伤的影响均较小.较低的BLEH对一次碰撞中行人头部的保护更好,但BLEH过低易导致二次碰撞中行人头部首先与地面碰撞,这会增大头颈部的损伤风险.本文定量分析了车辆前部结构参数对行人一、二次碰撞的影响,研究结果可为车辆安全性设计提供理论参考.     

基于行人头部保护的某SUV发动机罩模态分析

对某SUV发动机罩优化前后进行了NVH模态性能研究.建立了车型发动机罩有限元模型,利用NASTRAN软件对车型发动机罩进行了前6阶模态分析,计算结果表明,优化后的发动机罩在满足EuroNCAP行人头部保护性能的前提下能够同时兼顾NVH模态性能,从而为开发以EuroNCAP五星行人头部保护为目标的车型提供改进与评价参考.     

头部撞击发动机罩板的力学响应分析

利用有限元分析软件ABAQUS建立了行人头部和发动机罩板的有限元模型,分析了其碰撞过程中的生物力学响应,并对其结果进行了讨论,得出了影响头部生物损伤的各种因素,为加强行人安全以及汽车安全性问题提供了参考.     

汽车车身碰撞性能的有限元仿真与改进

在碰撞仿真理论的指导下,以某型号小客车为研究对象,建立了整车正面碰撞有限元模型,并按照国家汽车安全法规CMVDR294的要求进行了整车正面碰撞试验的数值仿真,结果显示,与试验结果取得了较好的一致。根据仿真计算结果,对发动机罩及其铰链进行结构和材料两方面的改进设计,改善了发动机罩的变形吸能模式,在此基础上,为了更全面评价整车结构的耐撞性能,建立了整车偏置碰撞有限元模型,进行了偏置碰撞的数值模拟分析,计算了车身变形及其吸能特性。根据仿真计算结果,对前纵梁和前轮罩进行结构改进设计,提高了其吸能能力。     

面向轻量化的车身高强度钢覆盖件刚度仿真

基于壳体有限元理论,在满足车身设计规范前提下,进行车身外覆盖件轻量化定量仿真研究.以发动机罩板为对象,根据车身结构安全性能要求,建立抗弯和抗扭刚度仿真模型.以ST14传统钢板材料仿真结果为比较基准,进行以BH340高强度烘烤硬化钢板为替代材料的发动机罩板轻量化开发.结果表明:在满足车身刚度设计规范前提下,该方案能实现发动机罩板减重14.28%,满足轻量化设计要求.     

行人膝关节损伤的计算机仿真研究

参照某量产车型建立汽车模型,采用具有较好生物逼真度的多刚体行人模型,建立了汽车与行人碰撞的系统仿真模型.通过改变汽车保险杠、发动机罩等前部结构参数,研究了其对行人膝关节损伤参数的影响,分析了行人腿部与不同前部结构参数的汽车相碰撞的受力特点.提出了适当降低保险杠及发动机罩前端的高度、使汽车前部结构接近流线型、加宽保险杠前端面上下之间的作用宽度等改进汽车前部结构特性的主要措施.     

轿车与儿童行人碰撞事故重建研究

结舍MADYMO和PC-CRASH仿真分析软件重现了长沙地区一起汽车与12岁儿童行人碰撞事故的动力学响应过程.首先,根据事故现场采集的详细数据,利用PC-CRASH分析得到了与事故数据最吻合的碰撞参数;然后根据这些参数定义了MADYMO模型的边界和初始条件.建立了肇事车辆的多刚体(MBS-FACET)和有限元(FE)2种数学模型,应用MADYMO软件中的SCALER模块计算得到12岁儿童行人模型.通过仿真计算得到儿童行人与车辆碰撞的动态响应过程以及头部损伤的相关物理参数.结果表明,2种仿真模型均很好地重现了事故中行人的整个运动过程及头部碰撞情形,仿真计算得到的头部生物力学响应参数与儿童行人损伤诊断结果吻合较好.     

发动机罩气囊在人车碰撞事故中对行人的保护作用

为了减少人车碰撞事故中的行人损伤,在汽车前端设置发动机罩安全气囊.通过LS-DYNA软件对有无发动机罩气囊两种条件下的人车碰撞进行模拟仿真,对假人身体主要部位损伤结果进行对比分析.研究发现,有发动机罩气囊比无发动机罩气囊碰撞条件下假人头部损伤值HIC降低到838,颈部最大剪切力及最大弯矩分别降低40.60％和52.8％...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.