利用降落PCR扩增KMT-1基因

用试剂盒提取一株牦牛源多杀性巴氏杆菌(C47-8)基因组DNA,同时应用降落PCR和普通PCR扩增KMT-1基因片段。结果表明:降落PCR法扩增出KMT-1基因片段的特异性条带与目的片段长度一致,普通PCR法没有结果。相同的反应体系,降落PCR程序能明显提高PCR的特异性,可用于扩增普通PCR难以扩增的基因片段。     

日本沼虾基因片段PCR扩增的条件优化

以日本沼虾肌肉组织为材料,提取其基因组DNA,研究了该虾16S rRNA基因片段扩增的PCR反应条件.经对扩增反应体系中各因子和扩增程序的梯度实验,确定优化反应条件为: 在25μL反应体系中,10×Buffer 2.5 μL,DNA模板200～300 ng,4×dNTP 0.2 mmol/L,Mg²⁺1.5 mmol/L,引物0.4μmol/L,Taq DNA聚合酶1 U,95 ℃预变性5 min;接着35个循环包括95 ℃变性1 min,56 ℃复性50 s,72 ℃延伸1 min;最后72 ℃延伸10 min.应用此优化体系扩增日本沼虾18S rRNA,细胞色素氧化酶亚基I (cytochrome oxidase subunit I, COI),NADH脱氢酶亚基V (NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5, ND5)等基因片段均获得了稳定而理想的效果.研究结果为深入探讨日本沼虾种群的遗传和变异,以及开展其种质鉴定和分子标记等研究提供了参考.     

野葛特异性PCR检测方法的建立与应用研究

一个物种特有的DNA序列可以开发成能够识别该物种及其加工产品的标记.为寻找野葛(Pueraria lobata)特有的DNA序列,建立野葛特异性PCR检测方法,通过对Gen Bank中野葛基因信息的检索分析,筛选出了同源序列少特异性强的野葛查耳酮合成酶基因作为研究对象.对该基因的特定区域设计引物,建立了野葛特异性定性PCR检测方法.利用该方法对野葛14个不同居群的DNA进行PCR扩增,均能扩增出226 bp的片段.而用相同引物分别对20种其他植物的DNA进行扩增均未出现特异性扩增产物. PCR灵敏度实验结果表明该方法的检测灵敏度达到0.02 ng基因组DNA,对市场上的葛根产品进行检测结果表明该方法可以有效鉴定葛根产品中是否含有野葛成分.该野葛特异性PCR检测方法特异性强、灵敏度高,可用于野葛成分的检测与鉴定.     

单因子和正交设计法建立分枝杆菌多重PCR体系

为了建立一种快速区分鉴定结核与非结核分枝杆菌的多重PCR方法,以分支杆菌属特异基因32kD,结核分枝杆菌种特异基因MTP40和结核分枝杆菌复合群特异基因IS6110为目标基因,设计合成3对特异性引物,以结核分枝杆菌标准株DNA为模板,通过对PCR反应体系中DNA模板浓度、Mg2+浓度、dNTPs浓度、引物浓度和TaqDNA聚合酶浓度5个因素的正交设计,以及PCR反应条件中各反应参数的优化,建立了鉴别分支杆菌的多重PCR检测方法,并对该方法的特异性、敏感性进行了验证。结果显示:该方法对结核分枝杆菌标准株H37Ra能扩增出506、396和984bp,对卡介苗(BCG)能扩增出506和984bp片段,对禽分支杆菌、胞内分支杆菌、偶发分支杆菌、耻垢分支杆菌、龟分支杆菌能够扩增出506bp片段,对大肠杆菌等的扩增结果均为阴性。建立的多重PCR敏感度最低可检出6.6×10-6 ng。结论:该方法具有特异性高、敏感性好等特点,可用于奶牛结核分枝杆菌和非结核分枝杆菌的鉴别诊断。     

Mn2+驱动的不同长度DNA片段PCR随机突变研究

针对倾向错误的PCR技术中不同目的、不同长度基因的诱变种类一直缺乏准确参考的问题，以酵母spt15基因为研究对象，在标准的PCR反应体系中加入不同Mn2+摩尔浓度（0.125，0.250 和0.500 mmol·L-1）进行倾向错误的PCR，扩增spt15不同长度（分别约为200, 500和700 bp）的DNA片段，研究其突变频率，突变碱基数目及突变类型，以分析不同种类的突变所需的最佳条件.研究结果表明：长片段DNA的PCR突变率对Mn2+摩尔浓度更敏感；模板的长度对DNA PCR突变碱基个数也有较为明显的影响，低Mn2+摩尔浓度有利于单突变；Mn2+驱动的突变有明显的倾向性，其中A→G和T→C的突变居多.     

绵羊角蛋白关联蛋白KAP6-1基因5′端调控区的分子克隆及测序结果比较

根据绵羊毛囊角蛋白关联蛋白(KAP 6-1)基因已知DNA序列设计合成了两个特异性引物,以绵羊基因组DNA为模板,PCR扩增出1 042 bp的特异性片段,连接到pM D 19T载体中获得该片段克隆.经过快速提质粒法筛选、限制性内切酶分析表明该克隆包含所需的目的片段.DNA测序结果也证明该克隆片段与原基因5′端调控区序列相比具有很高的一致性.研究结果为今后制备转基因克隆动物,在毛囊细胞中特异性表达绒毛生长调控基因奠定了基础.     

HBV C区基因扩增与PCR条件的优化

目的:为提高PCR检测乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)的特异性和灵敏度,降低成本,对PCR条件进行优化.方法:将HBV特异性基因片段转化到大肠杆菌DH5α中,提取质粒,利用PCR扩增HBV C区基因,对PCR条件中的退火温度、Mg2 浓度进行优化,并比较3种不同Taq DNA聚合酶的灵敏度.结果:HBV C区基因扩增的最佳退火温度为58℃,最佳Mg2 浓度为1.5mmol/L,Biostar Taq DNA聚合酶扩增到10-6.讨论:对HBV C区基因进行了转化和PCR实验条件的优化,为扩大PCR在乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)检测领域中的应用提供实验依据.     

欧文氏菌AEBL002菌株八氢番茄红素脱氢酶基因保守序列的克隆与同源性分析

从农田土训中分离筛选到一株产胡萝卜素菌AEBL002,提取基因组DNA,根据报告的八氢番茄红素脱氢酶基因设计PCR引物,对AEL002基因组DNA进行RCR扩增,扩增产物为一条大小约为800bp的DNA片段,在Genbank中对其进行同源性检索,发现该片段与Erwinia uredovora八氢番茄红素脱氢酶基因在732个碱基中有96．038％的一致性。     

植物高度同源重复基因的PCR检测

以油菜中三个同源性高达90%以上的AP3基因为研究对象,采用三种不同的DNA聚合酶进行常规PCR扩增和纳米PCR扩增.结果显示：纳米PCR比普通Taq DNA聚合酶和低保真Plus DNA聚合酶具有更高的扩增特异性,即在相同的退火温度下,只有纳米粒子PCR扩增出特异性的目的产物而无非特异性产物; 虽然高保真Pfu DNA聚合酶PCR显示出了同纳米PCR一样的扩增特异性,但纳米PCR不仅能表现出较高的扩增特异性,而且还显示出了更好的扩增效率.并且,纳米PCR即使是在30 ℃的低退火温度下依旧能扩增出特异性     

应用FQ-PCR检测孕妇外周血中胎儿细胞含量

合成一对染色体单拷贝基因GAPDH特异的引物和一对Y染色体单拷贝基因SRY特异的引物,并合成两条特异性TaqMan探针,加等量的DNA到含有上述两个引物探针的PCR反应体系中,行荧光定量PCR,获得两种基因的定量值,通过这两种基因含量的比值,计算孕妇外周血中胎儿细胞含量.在30 μL FQ-PCR反应体系中,加入最少约0.05 ng 正常男性基因组DNA能够稳定地获得扩增曲线;在60例临床孕妇外周血标本DNA 的DCFQPCR扩增中有35例出现SRY扩增阳性,阳性率为58.3%;在这些标本中,GAPDH 基因Ct值范围在20~22之间;SRY 基因Ct值范围在33~40;经计算,胎儿细胞含量范围在1/10.4~1/10.6.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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