ERK5阻断剂BIX02188介导的流体剪切力对成骨细胞OPG、RANKL mRNA表达的影响

目的观察在流体剪切力(Fluid Shear Stress,FSS)作用下,成骨细胞(MC3T3-E1)中骨保护素(osteoprotegerin,OPG)和细胞核因子κB受体活化因子配体(receptor activator of NF-κB ligand,RANKL)mRNA的表达情况,以及探讨ERK5信号通路在其中的作用。方法用不同浓度的ERK5特异性阻断剂BIX02188干预MC3T3-E1成骨细胞,用MTT比色法检测490nm吸光度值,观察成骨细胞的增殖情况,并检测ERK5 mRNA的表达情况。给成骨细胞加载生理强度为12 dyne/cm~2的流体剪切力,观察OPG、RANKL mRNA的表达。结果浓度为15μM的ERK5特异阻断剂BIX02188能够有效的抑制ERK5 mRNA的表达;生理强度为12 dyne/cm~2的FSS能够显著地促进OPG mRNA表达(P0.05),降低RANKL mRNA表达(P0.05);当BIX02188干预成骨细胞后,FSS对成骨细胞OPG、RANKL mRNA的影响明显减弱(P0.05)。结论 ERK5特异阻断剂BIX02188能够有效介导FSS对成骨细胞OPG、RANKL mRNA的表达。     

齐墩果酸抑制肝癌细胞QGY增殖和诱导凋亡的作用研究

目的研究齐墩果酸对人肝癌细胞QGY增殖的作用及与细胞内钙离子浓度（[Ca2＋]i）关系。方法将浓度分别为40、80、100μg／ml齐墩果酸作用肝癌H细胞QGY24h后,DAPI染色,以荧光显微镜观察细胞形态变化;以11组不同浓度齐墩果酸（5—400μg／ml）作用QGY细胞24h后,用四甲基偶氮唑蓝（Myr）法检测QGY增殖情况;分别以不同浓度齐墩果酸（80、100、120μg／ml）作用QGY细胞24h后,流式细胞仪检测细胞周期改变、细胞凋亡率和[Ca2＋]i。结果细胞增殖被抑制并发生凋亡：不同浓度齐墩果酸能够抑制QGY细胞株增殖,且在5—120μg／mL范围内呈剂量依赖性,药物作用细胞24h、48的Ic50分别为76．27μg／mL和66．56μg／mL;处理组细胞周期在s期产生阻滞、细胞内[Ca2＋]i较对照组显著增加,细胞凋亡率和[Ca2＋]i与药物浓度存依赖关系。结论齐墩果酸能够抑制肝癌细胞QGY增殖和诱导其凋亡;诱导凋亡可能与细胞内[Ca2＋]i增加有关。     

FGFR1、FGFR3和Pokemon在膀胱癌中的表达及相关性研究

目的通过观察FGFR1、FGFR3和Pokemon在膀胱癌组织的表达情况,探讨它们在膀胱癌发生、发展中的作用。方法采用免疫组化检测296例膀胱癌和48例正常膀胱组织中FGFR1、FGFR3和Pokemon蛋白的表达情况。结果 1)FGFR1在膀胱癌不同病理分期、分级及初发复发的表达率为:Ta-T1期7.5%,T2-T4期18.1%(p0.01);低级别2.8%,低-高级别11.9%(p0.05),高级别14.3%的(p0.01);初发表达6.8%,复发表达率17.1%(p0.01)。2)FGFR3在膀胱癌不同病理分期、分级的表达率为:Ta-T1期68.1%,T2-T4期35.0%(p0.01));低级别75.0%,低-高级别60.3%(p0.05),高级别44.9%(p0.01)。3)Pokemon在膀胱癌不同病理分级及初发复发的表达率为:低级别47.2%,低-高级别66.7%(p0.01),高级别80.6%(p0.01);初发59.2%,复发80.0%(p0.01)。结论 FGFR1在膀胱癌中的表达与病理分级、分期成正相关,复发表达明显高于初发;Pokemon在膀胱尿路上皮癌中的表达与病理分级成正相关,复发表达也明显高于初发,表明它们可能主要参与膀胱癌发展及转移等过程。FGFR3在膀胱癌中的表达与病理分级、分期成负相关,表明它可能在膀胱癌发展早期及低级别肿瘤发展中发挥着重要作用。     

EGCG通过TGF-β1信号通路抑制PLA-802细胞的机制研究

目的 观察表没食子儿茶素-3-没食子酸酯(EGCG)对人横纹肌肉瘤细胞株PLA-802的抑制作用,以及对细胞内TGF-β1/Smad4的表达的影响,探索EGCG抑制横纹肌肉瘤细胞生长的机制.方法 体外培养人横纹肌肉瘤细胞株PLA-802,并用不同浓度的EGCG作用不同的时间.用MTT检测EGCG对PLA-802细胞生长情况的影响,用流式细胞术检测细胞周期的变化情况,RT-PCR和Westernblot分别检测细胞内TGF-β1和Smad4的mRNA和蛋白水平的表达.结果 MTT结果显示EGCG显著降低了PLA-802细胞的存活率((P＜0.05).流式细胞结果表明EGCG明显降低了S期而增加了G1期(P＜0.05).而TGF-β1和其下游因子Smad4的mRNA和蛋白水平的表达也明显受到EGCG的抑制,且这种抑制作用呈浓度-时间依赖性(P＜0.05).结论 EGCG发挥其抑制PLA-802细胞的作用可通过抑制TGF-β1信号通路,这或许将为临床治疗横纹肌肉瘤提供新的思路.     

BaMg（1-x）/3）ZrxNb2（1-x）/3）]O3微波介质陶瓷的红外光谱

利用传统固相陶瓷烧结工艺在1520℃下制备Ba[Mg（1-x）/3ZrxNb2（1-x）/3]O3（BMZN,x=0,0.10,0.15）微波介质陶瓷.通过远红外光谱（FIR）来分析研究B位Zr4＋取代对BMN陶瓷晶体结构和介电性能的影响.研究发现,随着Zr4＋取代的增加,红外光谱上在370 cm-1附近的振动模发生分裂而出现新的极化模式;410 cm-1附近的振动模消失;230,290和510 cm-1附近的振动模的频率向高波数偏移且强度明显降低.这些红外振动模的变化表明随着Ba Zr O3的增加,陶瓷的晶体结构发生转变,由六方晶系逐步转变为立方晶系.分析了陶瓷介电性能与红外模式的内在联系.     

新型弛豫铁电单晶体Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3的形貌与缺陷结构

采用改进的Bridgman法生长出了尺寸达 2 5mm× 2 5mm× 5 0mm的透明的、压电性能十分优异的弛豫铁电单晶体Pb(Mg1/ 3 Nb2 / 3 )O3 PbTiO3 ,其为纯钙钛矿相的三方或四方结构 .这些单晶主要显露 {0 0 1 }面 ,而 [1 1 1 ]方向的生长速度相对较快 .可以利用负离子配位多面体生长基元理论模型解释PMNT单晶的形貌特征与生长习性 .在光学显微镜和SEM下观察到了散射颗粒、气泡及负晶结构等宏观缺陷 .在对结构缺陷形成机制研究的基础上 ,通过调节生长参数 ,可以减少或消除这些缺陷 .用光学显微镜对三方相单晶的 71°或 1 0 9°电畴、四方相单晶的 90°电畴进行了观察 ,发现微畴 宏畴转变可由成分诱导并存在过渡区 ,分析了电畴结构的形成机理及与铁电相变的关系 .     

外源性细胞色素C对脓毒症小鼠心肌TGF-β1和Smad1/5/8影响的实验研究

目的 探讨外源性细胞色素c (Cytc)对脓毒症小鼠心肌TGF-β1和Smad1/5/8的作用及影响.方法 雄性昆明小鼠78只,随机分为假手术组( Sham)、脓毒症组(CLP)、细胞色素C处理组(T).CLP组和T组用盲肠结扎穿孔法造模,Sham组仅开腹翻动盲肠.24 h造模成功后,T组经尾静脉注射外源性Cyt c(20 mg/kg)、Sham组和CLP组分别经尾静脉注射150(1生理盐水.30 min后以0、6h、12 h点取材,每个时间点5只小鼠,测左心室收缩压(LVSP)、左心室舒张末期压(LVEDP)、左室内压力变化最大上升和下降速率(LV±dp/dt-max);取心肌组织分别做组织学检查、RT-PCR和Western-Blot检测TGF-β1和Smad1/5/8蛋白的表达;24h点留取电镜标本,余下的小鼠观察生存率.结果 与CLP组比较,T组一般情况好转,生存率提高,病理学改善;LVSP、LVEDP和LV±dp/dt-max提高(P＜0.05);各组TGF-β1和Smad1/5/8蛋白均有表达,CLP组表达明显增加,经外源性Cytc干预后蛋白表达减少,CLP组与其它组比较差别有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 外源性Cytc逆转脓毒症小鼠心肌线粒体功能抑制和心肌抑制,改善心功能.     

甘氨双唑钠对鼻咽癌移植瘤的时辰放射增敏作用

目的 观察甘氨双唑钠（CMNa）联合时辰放疗对鼻咽癌祼鼠移植瘤的时辰放射增敏作用,并探讨其作用机制.方法 将荷瘤裸鼠随机分为3组：放疗组、放疗＋CMNa组、空白对照组,每组分3HALO（光照后小时,hours after light onset）、9HALO、15HALO、21HALO四个时辰进行相应处理.测定肿瘤再生长延长时间（regrowth delay time,TGD）,绘制生长曲线.用免疫组化法检测各组肿瘤标本中HIF-1α、γ-H2AX和凋亡蛋白的表达.结果 通过对各组TGD的比较.以放疗＋CMNa组对肿瘤的抑制效果最好.在该组中,TGD：15HALO＞21HALO＞9HALO＞3HALO,15HALO与3HALO的TGD比较有统计学意义 15HALO与3HALO的HIF-1α、γ-H2AX及凋亡蛋白的表达水平比较有统计学意义.结论 甘氨双唑钠联合时辰放疗对鼻咽癌裸鼠移植瘤有明显的时辰放射增敏作用,以15HALO放疗＋CMNa组对肿瘤的抑制效果最佳.其机制可能与HIF-1α的表达.DNA双链损伤,凋亡有关.     

P-cofilin在癫痫中的表达及意义

目的了解磷酸化 cofilin(P cofilin)在癫痫脑组织中的表达情况,以探讨 cofilin磷酸化形式在癫痫发生、发展中的作用.方法应用蛋白免疫印迹和免疫组化技术检测氯化锂 匹罗卡品大鼠癫痫模型癫痫大发作后各时间点脑组织中 P cofilin的表达水平;并在难治性癫痫患者脑组织中检测 P cofilin的表达情况.结果在氯化锂 匹罗卡品大鼠癫痫模型的24小时、7天和14天 P cofilin表达水平相比正常对照明显下降(P<0.05),而在72小时和60天中 P cofilin表达水平明显升高(P<0.05);而在难治性癫痫患者脑组织中 P cofilin表达水平比非癫痫患者高(P<0.05).结论 P cofilin在氯化锂 匹罗卡品大鼠癫痫模型和难治性癫痫患者脑组织中有明显异常的表达,可能通过易化、稳定异常兴奋性环路而参与癫痫或难治性癫痫的发生、发展     

NSA2在激光诱导的小鼠脉络膜新生血管模型中表达的时相性和定位研究

目的探讨NSA2在激光诱导的小鼠脉络膜新生血管（choroidal neovascularization，CNV）模型眼组织中的表达及其意义。方法532nm激光诱导C57BI/6J小鼠CNV模型。用CD31抗体标记血管内皮细胞的方法对CNV模型进行鉴定，采用RT-PCR和Western blotting方法检测正常对照组和光凝后1d、3d、5d、7d和14d组小鼠CNV中NSA2mRNA和蛋白表达的时间变化规律。取光凝后7d组小鼠眼做眼球冰冻切片，用免疫荧光染色方法对NSA2蛋白在CNV中的表达进行定位研究。结果NSA2在正常小鼠的视网膜脉络膜组织中弱表达。视网膜光凝后，NSA2mRNA和蛋白在CNV模型眼组织中的表达有明显的时间变化规律，光凝后l～3d逐渐增强，3d达高峰，之后逐渐减弱，14d时仍稍高于正常水平。同时发现NSA2在CNV区域表达较强。结论NSA2在CNV形成早期表达上调，具有明显的时间变化规律，且在CNV区域有较强的表达，因此我们推断NSA2可能在CNV形成这一病理过程中起着重要作用。     

Endocannabinoids in adipocytes during differentiation and their role in glucose uptake

The molecular basis for the control of energy balance by the endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA) is still unclear. Here, we show that murine 3T3-L1 fibroblasts have the machinery to bind, synthesize and degrade AEA, and that their differentiation into adipocytes increases by approximately twofold the binding efficiency of cannabinoid receptors (CBR), and by approximately twofold and approximately threefold, respectively, the catalytic efficiency of the AEA transporter and AEA hydrolase. In contrast, the activity of the AEA synthetase and the binding efficiency of vanilloid receptor were not affected by the differentiation process. In addition, we demonstrate that AEA increases by approximately twofold insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in differentiated adipocytes, according to a CB1R-dependent mechanism that involves nitric oxide synthase, but not lipoxygenase or cyclooxygenase. We also show that AEA binding to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, known to induce differentiation of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts into adipocytes, is not involved in the stimulation of glucose uptake. Received 11 October 2006; received after revision 9 November 2006; accepted 28 November 2006 V.Gasperi and F. Fezza equally contributed to the study.     

Protein profiling of 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation and (tumor necrosis factor α-mediated) starvation

The increased incidence of obesity and related disorders in Western societies requires a thorough understanding of the adipogenic process. Data at the protein level of this process are scarce. Therefore we performed a proteome analysis of differentiating and starving 3T3-L1 cells using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis combined with mass spectrometry. Effects of different starvation conditions were examined by subjecting 3T3-L1 adipocytes to caloric restriction, either in the absence or the presence of the lipolysis inducer tumor necrosis factor-. Ninety-three differentially expressed proteins were found during differentiation and starvation of 3T3-L1 cells, 50 of which were identified. GenMAPP/MAPP-finder software revealed a non-reciprocal regulation of the glycolytic pathway during 3T3-L1 differentiation followed by starvation. Furthermore, proteins involved in growth regulation, cytoskeletal rearrangements and protein modification, 16 of which have not been described before in 3T3-L1 cells, were identified. In conclusion, our data provide valuable information for further understanding of the adipogenic process.Received 9 November 2004; received after revision 21 December 2004; accepted 28 December 2004     

The expression of Sam68, a protein involved in insulin signal transduction,is enhanced by insulin stimulation

The role of Sam68, an RNA binding protein and putative substrate of the insulin receptor (IR) in insulin signaling was studied using CHO wild type (WT) cells, CHO cells overexpressing IR, and rat white adipocytes as a physiological system. In CHO-IR cells and adipocytes, Sam68 was tyrosine phosphorylated in response to insulin, and then associated with p85 phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase along with IRS-1. Sam68 was localized mainly in the nucleus of CHO-WT, and both in the nucleus and cytoplasm of CHO-IR cells, but only in the cytoplasm of rat white adipocytes. Insulin stimulation for 16 h enhanced the expression of Sam68 in rat adipocytes and CHO-IR cells. Moreover, CHO-IR cells expressed more Sam68 than CHO-WT, suggesting that overexpression of the IR is enough to induce the expression of Sam68. In summary, these results demonstrate that Sam68 works as a cytoplasmic docking protein which is recruited by IR signaling and whose expression is induced by insulin stimulation, suggesting a putative role for Sam68 in insulin signal transduction.     

枸杞多糖对人肺腺癌 A549细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

目的探讨枸杞多糖(LBP)对体外培养的人肺腺癌细胞 A549的增殖抑制作用及其可能的作用机制.方法用不同浓度的LBP处理 A549细胞,MTT法检测24、48、72h时间点 LBP对 A549细胞的生长抑制率,实验设为对照组和实验组(1/2IC50作用48小时),MTT法绘制生长曲线、细胞计数计算倍增时间、流式细胞仪检测凋亡率及其细胞周期、RT PCR检测 SurvivinmRNA的变化、Westernblot检测 CyclinB1蛋白的变化,transwell体外侵袭实验观察药物对细胞体外侵袭的影响.结果 MTT显示不同浓度的LBP均能明显抑制 A549细胞的增殖且成剂量 效应关系,实验组细胞的倍增时间、凋亡率与对照组相比,均有统计学意义(P<0.05);LBP使细胞阻滞在 G2期,SurvivinmRNA表达和 CyclinB1蛋白的表达均降低,与对照组相比差异有显著性(P<0.05).结论 LBP可抑制 A549细胞的增殖,其机理可能与 LBP使 SurvivinmRNA表达下降引起细胞凋亡及 CyclinB1蛋白的表达降低造成细胞周期阻滞及抑制细胞的侵袭能力有关     

Profiling of the secreted proteins during 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation leads to the identification of novel adipokines

Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ capable of secreting a number of adipokines with a role in the regulation of adipose tissue and whole-body metabolism. We used two-dimensional gel electrophoresis combined with mass spectrometry to profile the secreted proteins from (pre)adipocytes. The culture medium of 3T3-L1 cells during adipocyte differentiation was screened, and 41 proteins that responded to blocking of secretion by 20°C treatment and/or brefeldin A treatment were identified. Prohibitin, stress-70 protein, and adhesion-regulating molecule 1 are reported for the first time as secreted proteins. In addition, procollagen C-proteinase enhancer protein, galectin-1, cyclophilin A and C, and SF20/IL-25 are newly identified as adipocyte secreted factors. Secretion profiles indicated a dynamic environment including an actively remodeling extracellular matrix and several factors involved in growth regulation.Received 15 June 2004; received after revision 26 July 2004; accepted 2 August 2004