杂质对硫酸钙晶须形貌的影响

考察了在硫酸钙晶须制备过程中氯化钠和氯化钙杂质对晶须形貌的影响。对制得的硫酸钙晶须进行了SEM和XRD分析。结果表明,随着氯化钠和氯化钙浓度的增大,晶须的直径增大,长度变短,长径比减小。     

Synthesis of Ultrafine AlN Powders in an Al-O-C-N System

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Effects of PSMA and experimental conditions on the morphologies of BaCO_3 whiskers

Effects of PSMA and experimental conditions on the morphologies of BaCO_3 whiskers     

MgO-C材料在氮气气氛下的物相演化及其力学性能研究

以电熔镁砂、天然鳞片石墨、煤沥青、Al粉及Si粉为主要原料,以热固性酚醛树脂为结合剂,混匀后压制成MgO-C材料试样。将试样在氮气气氛下分别经1000℃×3h、1200℃×3h、1400℃×3h热处理,研究热处理温度对材料物相组成、显微结构及力学性能的影响。结果表明,1000℃热处理后,试样中Al消失,反应生成了柱状AlN和八面体状MgAl2O4,此温度下Si尚未参与反应;1200℃热处理后,Si开始反应生成六边形板状的SiC,镶嵌在镁砂基体中,提高了试样的高温抗折强度和热震后残余抗折强度;1400℃热处理后,试样中除有柱状AlN和八面体状MgAl2O4生成外,还有较多晶须状SiC和针状β-Si3N4生成,形成了良好的非氧化物结合,使得材料具有优良的高温力学性能和抗热震性能。     

Synthesis of Mg2B2O5 whiskers via coprecipitation and sintering process

Mg₂B₂O₅ whiskers with high aspect ratio were synthesized by coprecipitation and sintering process using MgCl₂·6H₂O, H₃BO₃, and NaOH as raw materials and KCl as a flux. Their formation process was investigated by thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microcopy (SEM). It is found that the products synthesized at 832°C are monoclinic Mg₂B₂O₅ whiskers with a diameter of 200?C400 nm and a length of 50?C80 ??m. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) analyses show that the whiskers obtained at 832°C are single crystalline and grow along with the [010] direction. The growth mechanism of Mg₂B₂O₅ whiskers was also presented.     

水热法合成超细硫酸钙晶须

以CaSO4.2H2O为原料,采用水热法合成了超细硫酸钙晶须.以扫描电镜作为分析超细硫酸钙晶须直径的手段,得出制备超细硫酸钙晶须的最优工艺条件为反应温度120℃、料浆初始pH值9.8~10.1、料浆质量分数5%、原料粒度18.1μm.在此条件下,制备出了平均直径为0.19μm,长径比为98的超细硫酸钙晶须产品.得出的结论对超细硫酸钙晶须的工业化生产具有重要的指导意义.     

超重力法制备三水碳酸镁晶须

以NH₃·H₂O、MgCl₂溶液和CO₂为反应体系,利用超重力机（RPB）制备了三水碳酸镁晶须。采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜等对产物进行物相和形貌分析,考察了不同反应条件对三水碳酸镁晶须直径和长径比的影响。研究表明,三水碳酸镁的适宜生长温度为40℃,超重力机转速为800r/min,CO₂体积分数为20%,NH₃·H₂O浓度为1.5mol/L,此时制备出的三水碳酸镁平均长度36μm,晶须直径平均1.16μm,长径比达到31。     

均相法制备文石型碳酸钙晶须

在不加入任何结晶控制剂的条件下,采用CaCl2和Na2CO3的稀溶液并加的均相反应法制得了具有较好光滑性和长径比、分布均一的文石型碳酸钙晶须。其最佳工艺条件为:CaCl2与Na2CO3溶液浓度为0.025mol/L,滴加速度为1.20ml/min,滴管直径为3mm,搅拌速度为500r/min。     

Activity in motor-sensory projections reveals distributed coding in somatosensation

Cortical-feedback projections to primary sensory areas terminate most heavily in layer 1 (L1) of the neocortex, where they make synapses with tuft dendrites of pyramidal neurons. L1 input is thought to provide ‘contextual’ information, but the signals transmitted by L1 feedback remain uncharacterized. In the rodent somatosensory system, the spatially diffuse feedback projection from vibrissal motor cortex (vM1) to vibrissal somatosensory cortex (vS1, also known as the barrel cortex) may allow whisker touch to be interpreted in the context of whisker position to compute object location. When mice palpate objects with their whiskers to localize object features, whisker touch excites vS1 and later vM1 in a somatotopic manner. Here we use axonal calcium imaging to track activity in vM1-->vS1 afferents in L1 of the barrel cortex while mice performed whisker-dependent object localization. Spatially intermingled individual axons represent whisker movements, touch and other behavioural features. In a subpopulation of axons, activity depends on object location and persists for seconds after touch. Neurons in the barrel cortex thus have information to integrate movements and touches of multiple whiskers over time, key components of object identification and navigation by active touch.     

Experience-dependent plasticity of dendritic spines in the developing rat barrel cortex in vivo

Do changes in neuronal structure underlie cortical plasticity? Here we used time-lapse two-photon microscopy of pyramidal neurons in layer 2/3 of developing rat barrel cortex to image the structural dynamics of dendritic spines and filopodia. We found that these protrusions were highly motile: spines and filopodia appeared, disappeared or changed shape over tens of minutes. To test whether sensory experience drives this motility we trimmed whiskers one to three days before imaging. Sensory deprivation markedly (approximately 40%) reduced protrusive motility in deprived regions of the barrel cortex during a critical period around postnatal days (P)11-13, but had no effect in younger (P8-10) or older (P14-16) animals. Unexpectedly, whisker trimming did not change the density, length or shape of spines and filopodia. However, sensory deprivation during the critical period degraded the tuning of layer 2/3 receptive fields. Thus sensory experience drives structural plasticity in dendrites, which may underlie the reorganization of neural circuits.     

Effects of AlN on the densification and mechanical properties of pressureless-sintered SiC ceramics

In the present work, Si C ceramics was fabricated with Al N using B_4 C and C as sintering aids by a solid-state pressureless-sintered method. The effects of Al N contents on the densification, mechanical properties, phase compositions, and microstructure evolutions of as-obtained Si C ceramics were thoroughly investigated. Al N was found to promote further densification of the Si C ceramics due to its evaporation over 1800 °C,transportation, and solidification in the pores resulted from Si C grain coarsening. The highest relative density of 99.65% was achieved for Si C sample with 15.0 wt% Al N by the pressureless-sintered method at 2130 °C for 1 h in Ar atmosphere. Furthermore, the fracture mechanism for Si C ceramics containing Al N tended to transfer from single transgranular fracture mode to both transgranular fracture and intergranular fracture modes when the sample with 30.0 wt% Al N sintered at 1900 °C for 1 h in Ar. Also, Si C ceramics with 30.0 wt% Al N exhibited the highest fracture toughness of 5.23 MPa m~(1/2) when sintered at 1900 °C.     

溶胶—凝胶超临界干燥法制备纳米氧化镍气凝胶

以硝酸镍和氢氧化为原料,采用溶胶－凝胶超临界流体干燥法制备了氧化镍气凝胶超细粉末。并采用TEM和XRD等测试手段对所制得的气凝胶粉末的表面形貌和结构进行了表征。结果表明,气凝胶具有较疏松的外观结构和良好的流动性,它由球形以及晶须状的、分散性较好的立方相氧化镍粒子组成,其颗粒尺寸以及晶须直径约为3－10nm。     

碳酸钙和硼酸铝晶须的表面处理研究

采用硬脂酸钠为处理剂对碳酸钙晶须和硼酸铝晶须进行了表面处理,通过测定活化指数、红外谱图及偏光显微观察对晶须的处理效果进行了表征,研究了处理剂的用量、处理温度和处理时间等工艺因素对表面处理的影响。结果表明:硬脂酸钠对两种晶须的处理效果均较好,活化指数分别可达到96.5%和97.3%。其中,碳酸钙晶须的最佳处理条件:处理剂用量为45%,处理时间为50 min,处理温度为40℃;硼酸铝晶须的最佳处理条件:处理剂用量为30%,处理时间为40 min,处理温度为40℃。     

铝含量对TWIP钢中夹杂物特征及AlN析出行为的影响

采用扫描电镜、X射线能谱仪以及扫描电镜配置的夹杂物自动扫描统计软件(INCAFeature)表征了Fe-Mn-C(-Al)系TWIP钢中夹杂物的成分、形貌和数量,考察了Al质量分数在0.002%~1.590%的四种TWIP钢中夹杂物的特征和Al含量对AlN析出行为的影响.并在此基础上,采用了适合TWIP钢中高锰高铝特点的热力学参数对AlN夹杂物进行了系统的热力学分析.研究表明,在含有相似N质量分数(0.0078%~0.0100%)的TWIP钢中,当钢中Al质量分数升高至0.75%时,AlN夹杂物开始在钢中析出,并在MnS(Se)-Al2O3上局部析出形成MnS(Se)-Al2O3-AlN复合夹杂;当Al质量分数升高至1.07%时,热力学计算表明AlN已经可以在TWIP钢液相中形成,经不断长大后在MnS(Se)夹杂物表面局部析出形成MnS(Se)-AlN复合夹杂物;在Al质量分数为1.59%的TWIP钢中,AlN的平衡析出温度比其液相线温度高出42 ℃,在液相中形成的AlN可以作为异质核心,MnS(Se)夹杂在其表面包裹形成MnS(Se)-AlN复合夹杂物.另外,在Fe-18.21%Mn-0.64%C-1.59%Al体系的TWIP钢中,AlN在液相中析出所需的最低氮的质量分数仅为0.0043%.因此,在TWIP钢的冶炼过程中,应尽可能的降低钢中的氮含量,避免生成过量的AlN夹杂.     

利用电石渣制备碳酸钙晶须的初步研究

以电石渣为原料,采用盐酸对电石渣进行净化处理后,与碳酸钠进行复分解反应合成文石型碳酸钙晶须。研究了碳酸钙晶须合成过程中,不同的反应物浓度、滴加速度对碳酸钙晶须晶相组成及微观形貌的影响。采用XRD和SEM对合成的碳酸钙晶须的矿物组成和微观形貌进行了检测及表征。结果表明,以pH=8酸洗处理后的电石渣可以制备出结构完整、尺寸均匀,长径比达30-60的文石型碳酸钙晶须。研究表明,制备碳酸钙晶须为电石渣二次回收利用提供了一条有效的新途径。     

石膏性质对半水硫酸钙晶须形貌的影响

探讨了以石膏为原料,用水热法制半水硫酸钙(CaSO4.0.5H2O)晶须的可行性,侧重考察了石膏(CaSO4.2H2O)性质对水热产物形貌的影响.结果表明,以纯石膏、工业副产石膏(磷石膏、脱硫石膏)或合成石膏(由电石渣或氧化钙与硫酸反应制得)为原料,用水热法均可制备半水硫酸钙晶须.纯石膏晶粒度较大,磷石膏含杂较多,二者只能合成短棒状晶须.脱硫石膏和合成石膏的晶粒度小、含杂少,更有利于形成高长径比晶须.     

K2Ti6O13晶须增强角蛋白膜的力学性能表征

以六钛酸钾(K2Ti6O13)晶须作为增强体,制备了不同晶须质量分数和分散程度下的复合膜,并采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、强力仪和有限元分析(FEA)软件对复合膜的结构与性能进行考察.SEM观察结果表明,裂纹启裂于晶须头端与基体的界面处,可将复合膜断裂特征归纳为桥式短纤维破坏模型.力学试验结果表明,在晶须质量分数为3%且晶须分散均匀时,复合膜的综合力学性能最佳.对建立的二维细观结构有限元模型进行分析发现,有限元方法能够较好地解释微米晶须增强机理和复合膜失效机制.     

Influence of substrate metals on the crystal growth of AlN films

AlN films were deposited by reactive radio frequency (RF) sputtering on various bottom electrodes, such as Al, Ti, Mo, Au/Ti, and Pt/Ti. The effects of substrate metals on the orientation of AlN thin films were investigated. The results of X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy show that the orientation of AlN films depends on the kinds of substrate metals evidently. The differences of AlN films deposited on various metal electrodes are attributed to the differences in lattice mismatch and thermal expansion coefficient between the AlN material and substrate metals. The AlN film deposited on the Pt/Ti electrode reveals highly the c-axis orientation with well-textured columnar structure. The positive role of the Pt/Ti electrode in achieving the high-quality AlN films and high-performance film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR) may be attributed to the smaller lattice mismatch as well as the similarity of thermal expansion coefficient between the deposited AlN material and the Pt/Ti electrode substrate.     

Influence of aluminium nitride as a foaming agent on the preparation of foam glass-ceramics from high-titanium blast furnace slag

To effectively reuse high-titanium blast furnace slag (TS), foam glass-ceramics were successfully prepared by powder sintering at 1000℃. TS and waste glass were used as the main raw materials, aluminium nitride (AlN) as the foaming agent, and borax as the fluxing agent. The influence of the amount of AlN added (1wt%–5wt%) on the crystalline phases, microstructure, and properties of the produced foam glass-ceramics was studied. The results showed that the main crystal phases were perovskite, diopside, and augite. With increasing AlN content, a transformation from diopside to augite occurred and the crystallinity of the pyroxene phases slightly decreased. Initially, the average pore size and porosity of the foam glass-ceramics increased and subsequently decreased; similarly, their bulk density and compressive strength decreased and subsequently increased. The optimal properties were obtained when the foam glass-ceramics were prepared by adding 4wt% AlN.     

硫酸钙晶须的表面改性研究

采用硼酸酯表面活性剂SBW-181对硫酸钙晶须进行了单因素条件改性试验,分别考察了改性剂用量、改性温度、改性时间和搅拌速率等工艺因素对硫酸钙晶须表面改性的影响.试验结果表明:硼酸酯表面活性剂SBW-181对硫酸钙晶须的改性效果较好,在最佳工艺条件下,改性产品的活化指数为0.996,接触角为103.4°.建立了硼酸酯表面活性剂SBW-181与硫酸钙晶须的作用模型.得出的结论对硫酸钙晶须表面改性的工业化生产具有重要的指导意义,并为硫酸钙晶须的应用研究奠定了理论基础.