Effect of hydrogen on the stress corrosion cracking behavior of X80 pipeline steel in Ku'erle soil simulated solution

Hydrogen was a key factor resulting in stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of X80 pipeline steel in Ku'erle soil simulated solution. In this article, the effect of hydrogen on the SCC susceptibility of X80 steel was investigated further by slow strain rate tensile test, the surface fractures were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the fracture mechanism of SCC was discussed. The results indicate that hydrogen increases the SCC susceptibility. The SEM micrographs of hydrogen precharged samples presents a brittle quasi-cleavage feature, and pits facilitate the transgranular crack initiation. In the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurement, the decreased polarization resistance and the pitting resistance of samples with hydrogen indicate that hydrogen increases the dissolution rate and deteriorates the pitting corrosion resistance. The potentiodynamic polarization curves present that hydrogen also accelerates the dissolution rate of the crack tip.     

300M超高强度钢电化学性能及应力腐蚀开裂

采用动电位扫描技术和慢应变速率拉伸试验研究了超高强度钢300M在3.5%NaCl溶液中的应力腐蚀行为,并利用扫描电镜观察了不同外加电位下的断口形貌.300M钢在3.5%NaCl溶液中开路电位下的应力腐蚀开裂机制为阳极溶解型,Cl-的存在明显地增加了材料的应力腐蚀开裂敏感性.阳极电位-600 mV下300M钢溶解速率加快,表现出较高的应力腐蚀开裂敏感性,断面收缩率损失由开路电路下的52.6%升高至99.5%,裂纹起源于表面点蚀坑处,应力腐蚀开裂为阳极溶解型机制.阴极电位-800 mV下材料处于阴极保护电位范围,表现出较低的应力腐蚀开裂敏感性,强度和韧度与空气中拉伸的数值相近,开裂机制为阳极溶解和氢致开裂协同作用.在更低电位(低于-950 mV)下,300M钢的应力腐蚀开裂机制为氢致开裂,在氢和拉应力的共同作用下表现出很大的应力腐蚀开裂敏感性.     

硫化氢环境下两种不锈钢的应力腐蚀开裂行为

用U形弯试样浸泡和慢应变速率拉伸实验研究了3Cr17Ni7Mo2SiN和00Cr22Ni5Mo3N(2205)不锈钢在硫化氢介质中的应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)行为.2205不锈钢的SCC萌生孕育期较长,在pH较低的饱和H2S溶液中具有明显的SCC敏感性,其SCC敏感性随溶液pH值的升高或H2S含量的降低而迅速降低.3Cr17Ni7Mo2SiN的SCC孕育期均低于2205不锈钢,在pH≤4.5、H2S的质量浓度≥103mg·L-1的H2S介质中均具有明显的SCC敏感性,其SCC敏感性受pH值和H2S含量变化影响较小.3Cr17Ni7Mo2SiN的SCC以沿晶裂纹萌生,扩展后转变为穿晶应力腐蚀开裂;2205不锈钢近表面处首先发生奥氏体-铁素体相间氢致开裂,并促进SCC萌生,其SCC为穿晶应力腐蚀开裂.     

Investigation of stress corresion cracking under anodic dissolution control

This review is about stress corrosion cracking (SCC) under anodic dissolution control. The section 1 is the methods distinguishing SCC controlled by anodic dissolution from those by hydrogen. The section 2 presents hydrogen-enhanced corrosion and SCC under anodic dissolution control. The section 3 demonstrates corrosion-enhanced localized plasticity and corrosion-induced deformation localization, which are the fundaments of new mechanism of SCC. The section 4 is an overview of the proposed mechanisms of SCC under anodic dissolution control. The last section proposes a new mechanism of SCC.     

Effects of applied potential on the stress corrosion cracking behavior of 7003 aluminum alloy in acid and alkaline chloride solutions

Potentiodynamic polarization tests and slow strain rate test (SSRT) in combination with fracture morphology observations were conducted to investigate the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behavior of 7003 aluminum alloy (AA7003) in acid and alkaline chloride solutions under various applied potentials (E_a). The results show that AA7003 is to a certain extent susceptible to SCC via anodic dissolution (AD) at open-circuit potential (OCP) and is highly susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement (HE) at high negative E_a in the solutions with pH levels of 4 and 11. The susceptibility increases with negative shift in the potential when E_a is less than -1000 mV vs. SCE. However, the susceptibility distinctly decreases because of the inhibition of AD when E_a is equal to -1000 mV vs. SCE. In addition, the SCC susceptibility of AA7003 in the acid chloride solution is higher than that in the alkaline solution at each potential. Moreover, the effect of hydrogen on SCC increases with increasing hydrogen ion concentration.     

1Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢在Cl~--H_2S-NH_3-CN~--H_2O介质中应力腐蚀的探讨

本文通过恒变形U形腐蚀实验法,研究了1Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢在Cl—H_2S—NH_3—CN~-—H_2O介质中应力腐蚀(SCC)及其影响因素,实验结果表明,材料在中性,特别是酸性介质中,易发生SCC,在碱性介质中,未发现SCC,在酸性介质中,Cl~-和H_2S,CN~-起加速SCC作用.     

SCC Susceptibility of Steel 16Mn in Nitrate Solution and Its Mechanism

The SCC (stress corrosion cracking) susceptibility of steel l6Mn in nitrate solution was studied. The results showed that applied potential polarization would accelerate(anodic polarization) or retard (cathodic polarization) the SCC process. The study on phase electrochemistry revealed that there was significant difference in electrochemical performance between ferrite and pearlite of steel 16Mn. Pearlite preferentially corroded under the action of galvanic cell. The observation on time and in situ showed that corrosion started first at the phaseboundary between ferrite and pearlite, and the pearlite gradually corroded until disappeared, and then corrosion crossed the phase boundary extending into the ferrite phase. According to this, an anodic dissolution mechanism of SCC was proposed, on which pre-existing sting active path and phase electrochemistry (PEAP-PEC) jointly came into action (SCC mechanism of PEAP-PEC).     

外加电位对X80钢在满洲里土壤应力腐蚀的影响

针对埋地管道应力腐蚀开裂（SCC）问题,开展了X80管线钢（X80钢）在满洲里土壤模拟溶液中的SCC研究,以期对X80钢的SCC防护提供数据支撑。采用交流阻抗技术、动电位极化技术和慢应变速率拉伸实验研究了X80钢在不同外加电位下满洲里土壤模拟溶液中的SCC行为,并用扫描电镜观察了断口表面微观形貌。结果表明：自腐蚀电位下,X80钢裂纹萌生于点蚀坑处,SCC机制为阳极溶解（AD）;在外加电位为-850 mV和-930 mV时,X80钢的应力腐蚀受到抑制作用,SCC敏感性较低,-850 mV为最佳阴极保护电位。这两个电位下X80钢SCC机制为AD和氢致开裂（HIC）混合机制,其中-930 mV下SCC机制由HIC占主导地位;在外加电位为-1 000 mV和-1 200 mV时,X80钢表现出较高的SCC敏感性,SCC机制为氢和应力协同作用下的HIC。     

外加电位对X80管线钢模拟海岸土壤腐蚀的影响

为探究双相X80管线钢在沿海土壤模拟溶液环境中的腐蚀机理，采用极化曲线、慢应变速率拉伸试验(SSRT)和交流阻抗(EIS)法对不同外加电位(-750,-900和-1 050 mV vs.饱和甘汞电极(SCE))下双相X80管线钢的应力腐蚀和电化学腐蚀行为进行研究。结果表明，双相X80管线钢在-1 050 mV电位下对应力腐蚀(SCC)最为敏感。慢应变拉伸呈现为脆性断裂，断口可见铁素体区域圆形或椭圆形的凹坑，这是由于过度阴极反应产生的氢原子扩散进入到钢中在铁素体晶界聚集，氢气析出产生的较高氢压超过材料的强度产生圆形孔洞，在拉伸应力作用下变为椭圆形。在此电位下EIS模拟电阻最小，耐腐蚀性最差。-750 mV的外加电位可起到一定的电化学保护作用，但不足以防止X80管线钢应力腐蚀的发生。-900 mV的外加电位可有效抑制X80管线钢的阳极溶解，SSRT的强度和延展性均高于0 mV电位试样，表现出韧性断裂特征，EIS模拟电阻最高，因此双相X80管线钢在模拟海岸土壤环境下最佳的阴极保护电位约为-900 mV vs. SCE。双相X80管线钢在沿海土壤模拟环境中的应力腐蚀行为的研究可对其在实际使用过...     

01420 Al－Li合金的应力腐蚀断裂行为

采用电化学方法和慢应变速率方法研究了０１４２０Ａｌ－Ｌｉ合金的时效条件、施加电位对阳极极化、应力腐蚀行为的影响．结果表明，合金的应力腐蚀敏感性取决于时效条件，施加电位．在欠时效状态的ＳＣＣ敏感性存在临界电位值．在ＳＣＣ过程中阳极溶解起主要作用．     

X80管线钢在近中性pH溶液中的应力腐蚀开裂

采用电化学动电位扫描技术、慢应变速率拉伸(SSRT)试验和扫描电镜观察研究了X80管线钢及焊接接头在NS4溶液中的应力腐蚀行为.电化学实验结果显示,X80管线钢及焊接接头在NS4溶液中的极化曲线具有典型的活性溶解特征.SSRT试验结果表明,随着外加电位的负移,断裂时间、断面收缩率、应变量都明显变小,X80管线钢及焊接接头的应力腐蚀开裂敏感性增加,应力腐蚀断口呈现穿晶准解理特征.施加相同外加电位时,焊接接头较母材的应力腐蚀敏感性增加,其断裂位置全部落在焊缝或HAZ处.     

溶解氧和温度对O6Cr17Ni12Mo2Ti不锈钢在超临界水中应力腐蚀的影响

通过慢应变速率拉伸试验,在超临界水环境中研究了溶解氧和温度对06Cr17Ni12Mo2Ti不锈钢的应力腐蚀开裂倾向的影响规律. 试验结果表明:在含不同溶解氧量(0/200/2000μg·kg-1 ) 的450℃和550℃超临界水环境中,不锈钢都呈现出不同程度的应力腐蚀开裂倾向. 随着水中溶解氧含量的增加,不锈钢的应力腐蚀开裂倾向更为明显. 随着温度的上升,应力腐蚀开裂倾向反而会下降. 在含不同溶解氧量(0/200/2000μg·kg-1 )的650℃超临界水环境中,不锈钢只发生塑性断裂,未发现应力腐蚀开裂倾向,并且溶解氧对其影响也不是很明显.     

氢对铜电化学行为和NaNO2溶液应力腐蚀的影响

纯铜充氢后并不改变组织结构和晶粒大，而且抗拉强度、延伸率和面缩率也不变化，这表明铜没有氢脆，在ＮａＮＯ２溶液中，氢使纯铜的腐蚀电位、反应电阻降低，使应力腐蚀开裂敏感性升高，断口形貌不发生变化。     

应力水平对2219铝合金腐蚀损伤力学性能的影响

为明确应力水平及暴露时间对2219铝合金腐蚀损伤力学性能的影响,选择在不同应力水平作用下暴露于EXCO腐蚀溶液中,经不同时间加速腐蚀后的2219铝合金试样,开展表面蚀坑深度测量、力学性能测试、拉伸断口形貌观察试验。结果表明,应力水平、暴露时间都是影响试样应力腐蚀损伤发展从而影响材料力学性能变化的重要因素。在腐蚀的初期阶段,即0.0~1.5 h,应力水平因素的影响有限;当暴露时间大于等于2.0 h,应力水平引起的以蚀坑平均深度为表征的腐蚀损伤更加显著。但在试验时间（2.5 h）内,应力水平对腐蚀损伤所产生的影响小于暴露时间,因而对材料力学性能变化的影响也小于暴露时间。腐蚀损伤造成的点蚀坑、微裂纹破坏了材料的连续性,使试样材料的抗拉强度、延伸率、弹性模量等力学性能指标下降,是促使材料在拉伸试验中没有经过充分的塑性变形阶段就发生瞬间断裂的重要原因。深度大的点蚀坑、微裂纹,可能成为断口主裂纹的起源。     

316L不锈钢应力腐蚀研究进展

316L不锈钢具备良好的力学性能、焊接性能、耐蚀性能,被广泛应用于化工管道、船舶及核电等领域。因其应用环境复杂,316L不锈钢在特定介质环境和拉应力的协同作用下,易发生应力腐蚀开裂,导致严重事故。概述了316L不锈钢应力腐蚀裂纹萌生及扩展的规律,总结了其应力腐蚀的阳极溶解和氢致开裂两种微观主导机制的特点。在此基础上,针对介质环境、材料、表面应力状态3个影响因素,综述了近年来通过调节介质环境的pH、溶液浓度、引入压应力、优化微观结构及涂层工艺等方面,改善316L不锈钢应力腐蚀性能的研究进展。最后,基于316L不锈钢面临的应力腐蚀问题,从应力腐蚀机制和防护措施两方面展望了316L不锈钢应力腐蚀的研究热点和方向。     

钛合金TA7在醇溶液中的应力腐蚀敏感性

采用慢应变速率实验研究了钛合金TA7在醇类溶液等介质中的应力腐蚀敏感性，结果表明：钛合金TA7在醇类溶液中有明显的应力腐蚀敏感性；在含有Cl^-离子的醇类溶液中有强烈的应力腐蚀敏感性；钛合金的应力腐蚀开裂通常源自点蚀孔底部。     

H_2S对1Cr18Ni9Ti在NaCl溶液中应力腐蚀的影响

研究H_2S对1Cr18Ni9Ti在NaCl溶液中应力腐蚀的影响。通过闭塞电池法和化学分析法,用不同浓度H_2S对多种浓度NaCl溶液进行条件试验,研究表明:溶液在中性和弱碱性的范围内,由于金属表面上生成一层较稳定的FeS膜,该膜对氯化物的应力腐蚀有一定延缓作用,随着介质不断酸化,FeS膜开始溶解,当FeS膜完全溶解后,硫化物对氯化物的应力腐蚀起促进作用。     

低合金钢—硝酸盐溶液体系的SCC图

研究了低合金钢-硝酸盐溶液体系的应力腐蚀行为。测定了温度,浓度和电极电位对各种腐蚀类型及腐蚀强度的影响。建立了相应的温度-浓度-电位SCC图。确定了该体系的下临界电位和SCC敏感电位范围。讨论了采用阴极保护的可能性。     

微弧氧化对7050铝合金腐蚀行为的影响

采用微弧氧化(MAO)技术在7050铝合金表面制备了陶瓷膜层,运用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱分析仪(EDS)表征陶瓷膜微观结构,采用动电位极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和慢应变速率拉伸试验(SSRT)研究了微弧氧化膜对7050铝合金在3.5%(质量分数)NaCl水溶液中腐蚀和应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)行为的影响.结果表明:微弧氧化膜层由表面疏松层与内部致密层组成,表面疏松层主要由Al2O3组成,内部致密层由氧化铝与铝烧结而成.微弧氧化膜层可以有效抑制7050铝合金表面的腐蚀萌生及明显降低腐蚀速率,且使7050铝合金的应力腐蚀敏感性出现显著下降.