Non-equilibrium segregation of boron on grain boundary in Fe-30%Ni alloy

The moving boundary non-equilibrium segregation during recrystallization and the influence of pre-deformation in Fe-30%Ni Alloy at1000℃ was investigated by the PTA (particle tracking autoradiography) technique, optical and electron microscopy. The results indicated that intensity of boron segregation on moving boundary after different deformation is concerned with the pre-deformation degree and the movingspeed of the boundary. The TEM (transmission electron microscopy) result showed that the dislocation density nearby the moving boundary increase obviously. The phenomena are discussed by the widening grain boundary mechanism.     

Dynamic process of trace boron non-equilibrium grain boundary segregation and the effect of cooling rate

The dynamic process of non-equilibrium grain boundary segregation of trace boron in Fe-40%Ni alloy during cooling and the effect of cooling rate were investigated by boron tracking autoradiography technique. The results indicate that during cooling process, the amount of segregated boron on grain boundary firstly increases fast, then enters a comparatively even increasing stage and increases rapidly again at the third stage. The details of each stage varied with cooling rate are explained. When thc segregation develops to a certain degree, the segregated boron atoms transform fiom solute status to precipitate status.     

冷却速度对Waspaloy合金凝固过程中偏析和液体密度的影响

通过不同冷速下的重熔凝固实验,利用扫描电镜和能谱仪系统研究了冷速变化对Waspaloy合金凝固过程偏析行为和液体密度的影响.结果表明:随着冷速的增大,Waspaloy合金中元素的偏析会减小,凝固过程中偏析最严重的是富集于枝晶间的正偏析元素Ti;元素偏析导致剩余液体的密度发生变化,而且液体密度基本上呈现反转趋势,当凝固温度到1300℃时,出现最大的密度反转.     

变形奥氏体等温弛豫过程中的位错组态演化

利用透射电子显微术(TEM)，对Fe-Ni-Nb-Ti-C合金变形后等温弛豫过程中的位错结构变化以及应变诱导析出行为进行了观察分析。结果表明：变形过程中产生的高密度、分布混乱的位错，通过位错重组和多边形化过程，逐渐形成较为完整的位错胞状结构。应变诱导析出阻碍了位错的演变发展过程。在弛豫阶段后期(大约200s)，位错大部分脱离钉扎，位错胞演化成为尺寸较大的亚晶结构。     

Research progress in non-equilibrium grain-boundary segregation and intergranular embrittlement

This paper is a summary of the research progress made by the author in the study of non-equilibrium grain-boundary segregation and intergranular embrittlement during the last 20 years. Some new concepts and new models in this research field are proposed, and their scientific backgrounds are introduced.     

溶质原子晶界偏聚动力学过程的数值模拟

建立了溶质原子在晶界的平衡偏聚、非平衡偏聚、晶界偏聚溶质向沉淀析出转化以及冷却速度等因素的晶界偏聚物理模型和数学模型.模型考虑了晶界及晶界附近扩展畸变区对溶质的吸附作用和吸附能力.对含硼0.001 0%的Fe-40%Ni-B合金体系从1 150℃连续冷却到640℃的过程中硼的晶界偏聚状态进行了模拟计算.计算表明,晶界区域硼富集因子在降温初期增加较快,随后增幅变缓,模拟数据显示过程中有晶界区域硼原子向晶内的反向扩散;当晶界上偏聚的硼转化为析出物时,晶界区域富集因子的增加再次变快.模拟计算结果与已发表的实验结果吻合较好.     

二冷区电磁搅拌对连铸板坯中心偏析的影响

通过对板坯逐层刨钢屑,采用化学分析和低倍组织检验的方法,研究了板坯连铸机二冷区电磁搅拌频率参数对1 450 mm×230 mm板坯中心偏析和等轴晶率的影响. 结果表明:单独采用二冷区电磁搅拌相比不采用电磁搅拌工艺的板坯中心偏析程度明显减轻,C、P、Mn的中心正偏析系数低于无电磁搅拌工艺的板坯;电磁搅拌频率为2 Hz,5 Hz和8 Hz时板坯中心偏析都为B0.5级;电磁搅拌频率对中心等轴晶率略有影响,搅拌频率5 Hz的情况下等轴晶率最大.     

Stable dislocation configuration in the surface layer of metals

The stable dislocation configuration in the surface layer of metals was calculated according to dislo-cation energy theory. It was shown that the stable dislocation configuration was only influenced by Burger's vector, while dislocation line could fluctuate closely around the direction vertical to free sur-face in a limited range.     

Effect of dislocation structure evolution on low-angle grain boundary formation in 7050 aluminum alloy during aging

The effect of dislocation structure evolution on low-angle grain boundary formation in 7050 aluminum alloy during aging was studied by using optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and electron backscatter diffraction analysis of misorientation angle distribution, cumulative misorientation and geometrically necessary dislocation (GND) density. Experimental results indicate that coarse spindle-shaped grains with the dimension of 200 μm×80 μm separate into fine equiaxed grains of 20 μm in size as a result of newborn low-angle grain boundaries formed during the aging process. More specifically, the dislocation arrays, which are rearranged and formed due to scattered dislocations during earlier quenching, transform into low-angle grain boundaries with aging time. The relative frequency of 3°-5° low-angle grain boundaries increases to over 30%. The GND density, which describes low-angle grain boundaries with the misorientation angle under 3°, tends to decrease during initial aging. The inhomogeneous distribution of GNDs is affected by grain orientation. A decrease in GND density mainly occurs from 1.83×1013 to 4.40×1011 m-2 in grains with 〈111〉 fiber texture. This is consistent with a decrease of unit cumulative misorientation. Precipitation on grain boundaries and the formation of a precipitation free zone (PFZ) are facilitated due to the eroding activity of the Graff etchant. Consequently, low-angle grain boundaries could be readily viewed by optical microscopy due to an increase in their electric potential difference.     

12Cr1MoV耐热钢高温加热过程中位错组态的TEM研究

用透射电子显微镜(TEM)对12Cr1MoV珠光体耐热钢的位错组态和其他细节进行了观察和分析.结果表明,在12Cr1MoV正火后的高温回火和高温长时间加热过程中,12Cr1MoV中的相变位错首先发生部分回复,接着出现了位错胞结构,随后位错密度大大降低.最终,12Cr1MoV钢在高温时效后形成了低密度的线状位错组态,构成了比较稳定的位错网络.以上这些微结构变化伴随着材料力学性能的退化.     

间接挤压铸造工艺参数对铝合金中Si偏析的影响

研究间接挤压铸造工艺条件下,浇注温度、挤压压力、挤压速度、冷却速度及参数间的交互作用对6066铝合金中Si元素的偏析影响规律. 以凝固后零件热节位置硅的质量分数与合金初始硅的质量分数的差值定量表征偏析程度,采用考虑一级交互作用的四因素两水平正交设计,研究间接挤压条件下硅的偏析现象. 结果发现:浇注温度、挤压压力、挤压速度和冷却速度对硅偏析都有影响,其中浇注温度是影响最显著的因素. 随着浇注温度的升高,铝合金中Si偏析程度减小. 挤压压力和挤压速度对硅偏析的影响次之,但两者的影响趋势相反;模具冷却能力的影响程度与挤压压力和挤压速度的交互作用的影响程度相似,铜模套(高冷速)比钢模套(低冷速)的硅偏析程度要轻. 间接挤压铸造条件下,工件热节位置可以出现硅的负偏析.     

硼富勒烯及其相关结构研究进展

本文对硼富勒烯等硼纳米结构及其相关材料的研究进展进行了简要评述. 首先对硼和碳元素及其成键性质的区别与联系进行了讨论, 并简要介绍了碳富勒烯、纳米管和石墨烯的发现及其结构与性质. 接下来系统回顾了过去几十年来人们对硼团簇、硼纳米管和硼纳米线等纳米结构在理论和实验研究方面取得的进展.特别是最近几年来, 针对硼富勒烯、硼纳米管、硼单层平面、硼富勒烯固体等结构的研究取得了一些重要进展, 本文在结合我们自己研究工作的基础上, 对上述研究进展做了系统地介绍. 最后对硼富勒烯及其相关材料的研究前景进行了展望.     

映像力对高纯铝自由表面附近位错组态的影响

采用分析位错映像力的方法研究了纯铝表层区域直螺、直刃位错所承受的滑移应力,理论上计算出映像应力作用下直螺、刃位错临界滑移距离和纯铝表层低位错密度区尺寸.讨论了直刃位错临界攀移距离和温度的关系,指出了表面上相对稳定的位错组态.     

冷却过程中硼的晶界非平衡偏聚实验观察

用硼径迹照相法和透射电镜观察了冷却过程中硼的晶界非平衡偏聚形成过程.实验发现,以2 ℃/s冷速从1150 ℃冷却到640 ℃的过程中,硼在晶界上的非平衡偏聚可以分成扩散行为不同的3个阶段.实验测定了晶界富集因子、富集带宽度、贫硼区宽度和贫化因子等偏聚特征,并对有关现象进行了初步讨论.     

冷速对IN718凝固过程中偏析和Rayleigh数的影响

利用SEM和EDS研究了在冷速分别为1, 3和6Kmin-1时高温合金IN718的凝固组织、液体中Nb和Mo含量变化,并计算了液体密度差和相对Rayleigh数与温度的关系. 结果表明:由于偏析,液体中Nb、Mo含量和液体密度差随着温度的降低而增加;冷速越低,Nb、Mo偏析越严重,同温度下液体密度差越大. 相对Rayleigh数的计算表明,不同冷速下相对Rayleigh数都在1330℃存在最大值,随着冷速降低,其值急剧增加,黑斑形成趋势增大,大铸锭中冷速低于1K·min-1时会形成黑斑.     

硼、锰营养对大豆光合特性的影响

以金华市缺硼、缺锰的深层红壤为基质进行了土培试验,研究了不同硼、锰水平对不同生育期大豆光合特性的影响.结果表明,适量的硼、锰单施及硼、锰配施均能提高大豆叶片的叶绿素含量,增强大豆的光合速率和呼吸速率,减少可溶性糖在功能叶的积累,硼、锰适量配施效果最好.且锰促进光合作用的效果优于硼,而硼比锰更有利于可溶性糖的转运,表明适量施用硼、锰能提高大豆的光合生产力,硼、锰适量配施存在明显的相互促进作用.     

硼、锰对大豆主要农艺性状的影响

以2个大豆品种浙春3号和1601为材料,研究了不同硼、锰营养水平下大豆的农艺性状在2个生育期(三叶期和盛花期)的变化以及硼、锰对大豆相关产量性状的影响.结果表明:适量地施硼或锰,促进了大豆株高、叶面积、地上部分生物量和比叶重的增长,增加了大豆的单株粒数、单株荚数、单株粒重和百粒重,提高了大豆的产量;而硼或锰的缺失或过量对大豆均会产生不利的影响.从总体上看,适量硼的作用大于适量锰;适量的硼锰同施对大豆生长最好.2个品种比较,浙春3号抗硼锰丰缺胁迫的能力大于1601.     

Effect of additive boron on type-Ib gem diamond single crystals synthesized under HPHT

The boron-doped type-Ib gem diamond crystals were synthesized successfully by adding amorphous boron into a system of graphite and Kovar catalyst under high pressure and high temperature (HPHT).The effect of additive boron on type-Ib gem diamond was extensively studied including the growth characteristic,morphology and nitrogen concentration.The synthesized boron-doped type-Ib gem diamond crystals were characterized by optical microscope (OM),scanning electron microscope (SEM) and infrared spectrometer (IR)...