分子沉积膜驱剂对油藏矿物润湿性的影响

分子沉积膜驱油 (简称MD膜驱油 )是一种新的提高原油采收率技术 .为考察MD膜驱剂吸附对不同性质的矿物表面润湿性的影响 ,利用Washburn法分别研究了水和正庚烷在这些矿物上的润湿性变化 .结果表明 ,具有强亲水活性中心的表面吸附MD膜驱剂后 ,亲水性会减弱 ;亲水性较弱的表面吸附MD膜驱剂后 ,水润湿性变化不大 ;中间润湿性的表面吸附MD膜驱剂后 ,水润湿性增强 .MD膜驱剂处理前后不同矿物表面亲水性和亲油性的变化幅度不尽一致 ,说明研究油藏矿物表面MD膜润湿性时需同时考察亲水性和亲油性 .     

硫化矿阳极氧化的交流阻抗

采用交流阻抗法研究硫化矿碳糊电极体系在氯化钠电解液中的界面动力学行为。建立了硫化矿发电浸出过程的等效电路,从理论上推导硫化矿发电浸出过程的交流阻抗复数平面图。研究结果表明:复数平面图由位于第一象限的1个半圆和1条与实轴成45°角的直线两部分组成,半圆由电化学反应电阻和双电层电容引起,直线为通过钝化硫层和未浸出的硫化矿层的扩散引起;矿物电极的极化过程由电化学极化和浓差极化混合控制,所假设的过程与硫化矿发电浸出时阳极实际进行的过程一致。     

铅锌选矿外排废水中硫化物的产生机理研究

通过乙基黄药、丁基黄药、乙硫氮等常用含硫选矿药剂与二硫化碳在不同的反应温度、反应时间、pH值和搅拌速度下,对模拟铅锌选矿废水中硫化物产生的影响进行研究,探讨了选矿废水中黄药、乙硫氮和二硫化碳产生硫化物的反应机理,并利用反应机理解释硫化物超标的原因,为铅锌选矿外排废水中硫化物的超标治理提供参考.     

金属陶瓷中陶瓷相的润湿性与其价电子结构的关系

通过经验电子理论(EET理论)计算了多元陶瓷相价电子结构,运用多元线性回归建立了成分与价电子结构的关系;并且将价电子结构与座滴法实验测得的接触角进行了回归分析。结果表明,不同碳化物的添加均能导致最强键上共价电子数nA的增加,其中添加VC的影响最为显著,依次为VC>Mo2C>NbC>WC>TaC。研究还发现,碳化物的添加使体系接触角持续下降,同时接触角随键能的增加持续下降。     

界面反应及界面张力对Sn-Zn-Bi焊料润湿性的影响

通过合金化的方式得到了Sn-Zn-Bi三元及Sn-Zn-Bi-Nd四元无铅焊料,采用润湿平衡法测量了其润湿力和润湿时间,并对润湿后的焊料/Cu界面组织进行了分析.结果表明:Bi元素不参与焊料/Cu界面的扩散反应,但能够通过吸附作用降低界面张力,从而提高焊料在Cu基底上的润湿力;Zn元素优先向焊料/Cu界面进行扩散形成Cu5Zn8金属间化合物,且扩散层随焊料中Zn含量的提高而增长,此时固-液界面张力方向发生改变,润湿力提高,但润湿时间延长;Nd元素的作用类似于Bi,既能提高焊料的润湿力,也能够缩短润湿时间,是一种改善Sn-Zn基焊料润湿性的有效元素.     

Electrification of mineral particles by electron beam irradiation

A novel way for electrification of mineral particles by electron beam irradiation was proposed.The effect of irradiation dose on charge/mass ratio was investigated experimentally.The charge/mass ratio of electrified mineral powders after irradiation was measured by an instrument based on the principle of electrostatic induction.The experimental results showed that the charge/mass ratio is largely dependent on radiation dose and electric physical properties of minerals.The mechanism of electrification by electron beam irradiation is discussed.It is suggested that the essential of electrification by electron beam irradiation is a process of retardation and charge deposition of incideent elecytrons in materials.     

铜氧化过程中其表面"非晶膜"的AES和HREM分析

利用电子显微阄中的电子束对铜的薄膜样品进行了连续的照射和跟踪观察，结果发现，Ｃｕ在氧化过程中首先出现的是一层非晶膜，这层晶膜在电子束的照射下转变成了Ｃｕ的晶体氧化物，ＡＥＳ和ＨＲＥＭ分别结果表明，Ｃｕ表面出现的这层非晶膜，它的主要成分为Ｃｕ和Ｏ，在铜的氧化过程中起着一种氧化界面的作用，也就是说，Ｃｕ的氧化要经历两个阶段，首先是Ｃｕ与Ｏ结合形成非晶膜，接着非晶膜在适当的时候转变为铜的晶态氧化物。     

热处理对高硫钢硫化物形态及性能的影响

研究淬回火热处理工艺对高硫钢的基体组织和硫化物形态的影响,分析了其力学性能和磨损性能.结果表明,热处理后高硫钢中硫化物主要为FeS,其形态趋于球化;淬火温度由880 ℃升至900 ℃,高硫钢的抗拉强度由460 MPa提高到590 MPa,伸长率由1.7%变化到3.0%,但其仍为脆性材料,这与组织中含有大量硫化物有关;由于硫化物的自润滑作用,热处理后高硫钢的耐磨性随连续磨损时间的延长而改善,并明显优于淬火后低温回火的GCr15钢.     

Heterogeneous oxidation of carbonyl sulfide on mineral oxides

Heterogeneous oxidation of carbonyl sulfide (OCS) on mineral oxides including SiO2,Fe2O3,CaO,MgO,ZnO and TiO2,which are the main components of atmospheric particles,were investigated using in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (in situ DRIFTS),ion chromatography (IC),temperature-programmed desorption (TPD),X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) methods. The main products and intermediates of the heterogeneous oxidation of OCS on these oxides were identified with in situ DRIFTS and IC. The reaction mechanism and kinetics were also discussed. It is found that the reaction mechanism on these mineral oxides is the same as that on Al2O3 for the same final products and the intermediates at room temperature. Namely,OCS can be catalytically oxidized to produce surface SO42- species and gaseous CO2 through the surface hydrogen thiocarbonate (HSCO2-) and HSO3- species. The activity series for heterogeneous oxidation of OCS follows: Al2O3 ≈ CaO > MgO > TiO2 ≈ ZnO > Fe2O3 > SiO2. The specific area,basic hydroxyl and surface basicity of these oxides have effect on the reactivity. This study suggests that heterogeneous reactions of OCS on mineral dust may be an unneglectable sink of OCS.     

Heteroseneous oxidation of carbonyl sulfide on mineral oxides

Heterogeneous oxidation of carbonyl sulfide （OCS） on mineral oxides including SiO2, Fe2O3, CaO, MgO, ZnO and TiO2, which are the main components of atmospheric particles, were investigated using in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy （in situ DRIFTS）, ion chromatography （IC）, temperature-programmed desorption （TPD）, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller （BET） methods. The main products and intermediates of the heterogeneous oxidation of OCS on these oxides were identified with in situ DRIFTS and IC. The reaction mechanism and kinetics were also discussed. It is found that the reaction mechanism on these mineral oxides is the same as that on Al2O3 for the same final products and the intermediates at room temperature. Namely, OCS can be catalytically oxidized to produce surface SO4^2- species and gaseous CO2 through the surface hydrogen thiocarbonate （HSCO2-） and HSO; species. The activity series for heterogeneous oxidation of OCS follows： Al2O3 ≈ CaO 〉 MgO 〉 TiO2 ≈ ZnO 〉 Fe2O3 〉 SiO2. The specific area, basic hydroxyl and surface basicity of these oxides have effect on the reactivity. This study suggests that heterogeneous reactions of OCS on mineral dust may be an unneglectable sink of OCS.     

Comprehensive recovery of gold and base-metal sulfide minerals from a low-grade refractory ore

The comprehensive recovery of small amounts of valuable minerals such as gold and base-metal sulfide minerals from a low-grade refractory ore was investigated. The following treatment strategy was applied to a sample of this ore: gold flotation–gold concentrate leaching–lead and zinc flotation from the gold concentrate leaching residue. Closed-circuit trials of gold flotation yielded a gold concentrate that assayed at 40.23 g·t-1 Au with a recovery of 86.25%. The gold concentrate leaching rate was 98.76%. Two variants of lead-zinc flotation from the residue—preferential flotation of lead and zinc and bulk flotation of lead and zinc—were tested using the middling processing method. Foam from the reflotation was returned to the lead rougher flotation or lead–zinc bulk flotation, whereas middlings from reflotation were discarded. Sulfur concentrate was a byproduct. The combined strategy of flotation, leaching, and flotation is recommended for the treatment of this kind of ore.     

New influence factor inducing difficulty in selective flotation separation of Cu-Zn mixed sulfide minerals

Selective flotation separation of Cu-Zn mixed sulfides has been proven to be difficult. Thus far, researchers have found no satisfactory way to separate Cu-Zn mixed sulfides by selective flotation, mainly because of the complex surface and interface interaction mechanisms in the flotation solution. Undesired activation occurs between copper ions and the sphalerite surfaces. In addition to recycled water and mineral dissolution, ancient fluids in the minerals are observed to be a new source of metal ions. In this study, significant amounts of ancient fluids were found to exist in Cu-Zn sulfide and gangue minerals, mostly as gas-liquid fluid inclusions. The concentration of copper ions released from the ancient fluids reached 1.02×10-6 mol/L, whereas, in the cases of sphalerite and quartz, this concentration was 0.62×10-6 mol/L and 0.44×10-6 mol/L, respectively. As a result, the ancient fluid is a significant source of copper ions compared to mineral dissolution under the same experimental conditions, which promotes the unwanted activation of sphalerite. Therefore, the ancient fluid is considered to be a new factor that affects the selective flotation separation of Cu-Zn mixed sulfide ores.     

烷基多苷复配体系的润湿性能研究

润湿性是表面活性剂的一个重要特性。采用帆布沉降法测定了烷基多苷(APG)与目前常用的润湿渗透剂脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(JFC)的润湿力，找出二元复配体系在各个浓度下的最佳复配比，并将该配比下的润湿性与常用的阴离子渗透剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)进行比较。实验表明：复配后的二元体系表面活性剂具有比一元体系更好的润湿力，该复配体系润湿性较优，说明APG与JFC在润湿性方面具有协同效应。     

Ti对Sn-xTi/Al2O3润湿性的影响

针对添加活性元素Ti有利于改善金属/Al₂O₃体系的润湿性、但润湿机制仍不明确问题,研究采用改良座滴法,研究了熔融Sn-(原子分数为0%、2%、5%)Ti合金在973~1 273 K高真空中在Al₂O₃表面的润湿性.研究结果表明:Ti原子分数的增加会显著改善Sn-xTi/Al₂O₃体系的润湿性,润湿性改善的原因在于Ti在界面处的吸附降低了固/液界面自由能,而并非界面析出的反应产物.对此结论,应用吸附的统计热力学模型验证了实验结果,并证明Sn-xTi/Al₂O₃体系的铺展动力学在很大程度上受控于吸附动力学.     

表面活性剂对乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯聚合物胶膜润湿性影响的分子动力学模拟

乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯聚合物(ethylene-vinyl acetate, EVA)胶膜是太阳能光伏板的重要组成部分,影响着光伏组件的发电效率、可靠性等性能,但火灾危险性较大。为提高水对EVA胶膜的灭火效果,采用分子动力学模拟的方法,建立14种常见的表面活性剂模型,研究不同种类表面活性剂对于EVA胶膜润湿性的影响,并通过接触角实验验证模拟结果。计算了体系的相互作用能,分析了相对浓度分布、径向分布函数和静电势等参数,从分子尺度揭示润湿机理。结果表明：阴离子表面活性剂作用效果最好,其中十二烷基二苯醚二磺酸钠(sodium dodecyl diphenyl ether disalfonate, SLDED)的亲水基团与水分子的相互作用较强,效能最为突出。在水系灭火剂中添加此类表面活性剂,能够增强水分子在材料表面的附着,达到高效灭火的目的。     

基于X射线衍射实验的堆垛结构对煤尘润湿性的影响

为了研究煤尘堆垛结构对其润湿性的影响,对从全国选取的10种不同变质程度煤样进行X射线衍射实验,结合液-固界面动态接触角测定结果,分析得到煤尘微晶参数与其润湿性之间的关系. 结果表明,无机矿物种类随着煤样变质程度的提高逐步减少,且原生矿物种类数量越多,润湿性则越好,次生矿物对煤尘润湿性的影响则较小. 变质程度高的煤种晶态成分较多,芳晶结构单元较大,芳香环缩合度较高;而中低变质程度煤种的非晶态成分较多,往往是一些亲水性的烷基小分子侧链、含氧官能团等. 随着堆砌度和延展度不断升高,面网间距逐渐减小,煤尘润湿性逐步变差. 当煤尘X射线衍射的堆砌度为18. 5 nm,延展度为41. 7 nm,面网间距为0. 898 nm时,煤尘润湿性最佳,其X射线衍射微晶参数越接近上述组合,润湿性越好.     

电子加速器辐照降解氯酚的研究

研究了高能电子束辐照降解2－氯酚（2－CP）、4－氯酚（4－CP）和2,4－二氯酚（2,4－DCP）的过程,测定了降解过程中的相关产物。实验表明高能电子束能够有效地降解2－氯酚、4－氯酚、2,4－二氯酚,降解过程符合一级动力学方程。同时,随辐照剂量的增大,水溶液的pH下降,氯离子浓度逐渐增高。在8kGy的辐照剂量下,2－氯酚、4－氯酚、2,4－二氯酚的降解率分别为97％、99％、100％;分别有67％、74％、57％的有机氯被转化为氯离子。     

极端润湿性表面研究与应用进展

 简介了极端润湿性表面相关理论,总结了极端润湿性表面的制备方法,讨论了极端润湿性表面在自清洁、防雾、抗结冰结霜、耐腐蚀、响应开关、油水分离、高负载力水上设备、液体无损转移、液体定向运输、血液相容材料等领域的应用,指出了实现极端润湿性表面真正工业化应用所需解决的问题,认为制备机械性能好、静/动压承受能力强的超双疏表面是超疏液极端润湿性表面制备方面的大趋势。