运用正交设计法检验盐度和碱度对大银鱼的联合毒性

运用正交设计及联合毒性的相关设计和检验方法，研究了盐度和碱度对大银鱼存活的影响。盐度对大银鱼的２４ｈ、４８ｈ的半致死浓度ＬＣ５０分别为１６．０、１３．９，碱度对大银鱼的２４ｈ、４８ｈ的ＬＣ５０分别为４６．０、３１．３ｍＮ；盐度和碱度的交互作用（联合毒性）方差检验表现为差异显著，为协同作用；Ｍａｒｋｉｎｇ相加指数ＡＩ为０．７５，也表现为协同作用。     

运用正交设计法检验盐度和碱度对大银鱼的联合毒性

运用正交设计及联合毒性的相关设计和检验方法，研究了盐度和碱度对大银鱼存活的影响。结果；盐度对大银鱼２４ｈ，４８ｈ的半致死浓度ＬＣ５０分别为１６．０‰和１３．９‰，碱度对大银鱼２４ｈ，４８ｈ的ＬＣ５０分别为４６．０ｍＢＮ，３１．３ｍＮ；盐度和碱度的交互作用，经方差检验差异显著，表现的协同作用；Ｍａｒｋｉｎｇ相加指数ＡＩ为０．７５，也表现为协同作用。     

鲢鱼幼鱼对盐,碱耐受性的研究

利用盐碱地区氯化物型地下水进行了鲢鱼幼鱼（Ｌ＝５．４￣８．２ｃｍ）对盐度（ｐＨ＝８．６０±０．１８）、碱度（ｐＨ＝８．７４±０．３４）及盐碱混合的急性毒性试验。研究结果表明：鲢鱼幼鱼对盐度的２４、４８、７２和９６ｈ的半致死浓度（ＬＣ５０）分别为：１１．２,９．０,８．６和８．２ｇ·Ｌ＾－１;对碱度的相应ＬＣ５０值分别为５１．４、２７．１、２３．７和１５．７ｍｍｏｌ·Ｌ＾－１。盐碱混合的正交试验表明     

铅和铬对鱼类联合毒性的研究

采用斑马鱼研究铅和铬共存的联合毒性。二价铅对斑马鱼的２４ｈ、４８ｈ和９６ｈ的半致死浓度分别为１７１、１５５和１４６ｍｇ／ｌ,六价铬对斑马鱼的２４ｈ、４８ｈ和９６ｈ的半致死浓度分别为１１２、６７和５０ｍｇ／ｌ。在浓度１∶１的情况下,铅和铬共存对斑马鱼２４ｈ、４８ｈ和９６ｈ的半致死浓度分别为３５、２９和２６ｍｇ／ｌ。根据Ｍａｒｋｉｎｇ的指数法求得２４ｈ、４８ｈ和９６ｈ的相加指数ＡＩ分别为０８９、０６１和０４３,皆大于零,表现为协同作用。     

速灭杀丁对中华稻蝗毒力和遗传毒性研究

采用喷雾法和注射法分别测定了速灭杀丁对中华稻蝗成虫的毒力,结果表明：胃毒ＬＣ５０为２．６８μｇ／ｍｌ,ＬＣ９０为１６．１１μｇ／ｍｌ,毒力回归方程为ｙ＝４．２９８２＋１．６４１６ｘ,相关系数ｒ＝０．９６８６;注射毒性ＬＣ５０为０．１３μｇ／ｍｌ,ＬＣ９０为０．８６μｇ／ｍｌ,毒力回归方程为ｙ＝３．２４４７＋１．５６７７ｘ,相关系数ｒ＝０．９８０６。同时观察了注射药剂及蒸馏水对照２４ｈ,４８ｈ后细胞分裂各期染色体的形态特征,结果未发现有明显的染色体畸变现象。     

植物精油对朱砂叶螨的毒性试验

用２６种植物精油在５ｍｇ／Ｌ浓度下熏杀朱砂叶螨２４ｈ，死亡率为１００％的有１０种精油，死亡率在５０％～９９％之间的有８种，死亡率低于５０％的有８种；冬青油、香茅油、薄荷油对朱砂叶螨的毒力ＬＣ５０值分别为０２８９４，０３６６８，０３４７９ｍｇ／Ｌ；冬青油与香茅油合用显示出明显的增效作用，毒性比率为１２８～１４３．结果表明，植物精油对朱砂叶螨有强烈的熏杀毒力．     

LAS和5种洗衣粉对水蚤的毒性试验

采用多刺裸腹蚤对ＬＡＳ（十二烷基苯磺酸钠）和５种洗衣粉的毒性作用进行了研究。结果表明，这些物质能够抑制多刺裸腹蚤的运动，并且造成蚤类的大量死亡。４８ｈ所测得的半数致死浓度ＬＣ５０值，ＬＡＳ为７．１ｍｇ／ｇ；白猫、碧浪、汰渍、奥妙、芳草等的ＬＣ５０值分别为６６ｍｇ／ｇ，５１ｍｇ／ｇ，３５．５ｍｇ／ｇ，４２ｍｇ／ｇ，５５ｍｇ／ｇ。     

两种乳化剂对大鳞副泥鳅胚胎,鱼苗的亚慢性毒性

参照瑞典制订的欧洲国家标准法的鱼类胚胎－鱼苗毒性测定技术,进行了农乳２２０１及吐温－８０两种常用乳化剂对大鳞副泥鳅胚胎－鱼苗阶段毒性实验。结果表明,鱼苗比鱼卵对这两种乳化剂更敏感,农乳２２０１对鱼苗的最低影响浓度（ＬＯＥＣ）为０．１４ｍｇ／Ｌ,最高无影响浓度（ＮＯＥＣ）为０．０７ｍｇ／Ｌ,而吐温－８０则分别为５０、２５ｍｇ／Ｌ。与由经验公式推算的结果相比较,差别比较大,尽管在鱼类毒性试验中通常要求     

出芽短梗霉的原生质体形成及再生研究

采用多因素实验正交优选法对出芽短梗霉（Ａｕｒｅｏｂａｓｉｄｉｕｍｐｕｌｕｌａｎｓ）的原生质体制备和再生条件进行了研究．发现在用ＹＥＰＤ作生长培养基,菌龄２４ｈ,复合酶处理（含０．２５％（ｗ）蜗牛酶＋０．２５％（ｗ）纤维素酶）,０．６ｍｏｌ／ＬＫＮＯ３作渗透压稳定剂的情况下,原生质体制备率最高,酶解１ｈ,制备率为１００％,再生率为０．３５％．如用ＰＤＡ为再生基础培养基,在添加５０ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＣａＣｌ２,１．０％（ｗ）ＰＥＧ（ＭＷ６０００）等再生促进因子的情况下,再生率可提高到１．２３％     

苯、氯苯及酚、氯酚对大鳞副泥鳅（ParamisgurnusdabryanusSauvage）鱼苗的急性毒性效应

为扩充水生生物的毒性试验材料，用人工催产的方法在不同的季节获得大鳞副泥鳅鱼苗，并用苯、氯笨、酚、氯酚对其进行静止式急性毒性试验，４８小时苯，氯苯，１．３－二氯苯，１．４－二氯苯及六氮苯的ＬＣ＿（５０）值分别为１５６．７、１２．２７、４．９５及２．０７ｍｇ／Ｌ．酚、３－氯酚，２．４－二氯酚的毒性分别为３６．５、１４．２２．７８及０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ，与其它鱼类现有毒性试验资料比较，其敏感性基本相似，在全年中可代替其它鱼类进行急性毒性试验。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-