冷弯薄壁型钢螺钉连接抗剪性能试验研究

进行了149个冷弯薄壁型钢螺钉连接试件的抗剪性能试验,主要考察螺钉端距、间距、排列方式以及螺钉数目、连接板件材料等因素对抗剪承载力的影响.分析了现行国家标准《冷弯薄壁型钢结构技术规范》(GB 50018-2002)对壁厚1.5mm以下薄钢板螺钉连接抗剪承载力设计计算方法的适用性.针对规范GB 50018-2002对螺钉连接斜拔承压破坏抗剪承载力计算的规定,提出了考虑群效应的螺钉连接抗剪承载力设计计算方法.基于对钢板净截面拉断破坏时净截面的平均应力水平分析,给出了相应的验算公式.最后,参考澳洲规范AS/NZS 4600∶2005,提出了避免发生螺钉剪断破坏的方法.     

玻璃幕墙中铝合金立柱螺钉连接节点抗拉性能试验

为研究玻璃幕墙中铝合金立柱螺钉连接节点的受力性能,通过一套自主设计的加载装置进行了20个连接件的单钉抗拉连接静力试验,分析了立柱和螺钉的3种典型破坏模式以及螺钉种类、螺杆直径、螺钉螺距和腐蚀条件等因素对连接件承载性能的影响,根据试验结果拟合出了铝合金立柱螺钉连接的极限抗拉承载力的计算公式。研究结果表明:铝合金立柱螺钉立柱连接节点的典型荷载-位移曲线上升段可分为弹性、强化、滑移3个阶段,可将强化阶段的强化极限点作为工程设计破坏阶段之用;在相近直径系列试件中,盘头螺钉的延性系数和极限刚度普遍大于自攻螺钉;螺钉类型、螺杆直径和腐蚀条件对节点的极限承载力和刚度影响最为显著,试件极限承载力随螺杆直径的增长而呈增大趋势,自攻螺钉试件的极限承载力大于盘头螺钉,而当自攻螺钉公称直径超过立柱型材局部厚度后,相对于盘头螺钉表现出承载力大幅下降的试验现象;通过回归分析得到的极限抗拉承载力计算公式与试验值比较,两者吻合良好。     

冷弯薄壁型钢板自攻螺钉连接抗剪性能研究

本文进行了48个冷弯薄壁型钢自攻螺钉连接试件的抗剪性能试验,考虑了自攻螺钉材质、直径、不同钢板厚度比值、端距等因素对抗剪连接极限状态的影响.试验结果显示:试件的破坏模式呈现一定的规律,板件承压破坏是自攻螺钉倾斜期间主要连接破坏形式;但若自攻螺钉几乎不发生倾斜,则会发生紧固件的抗剪破坏.最后依据理论分析提出了冷弯薄壁钢板...     

集束式长短剪力钉抗剪性能参数影响研究

为了明确剪力钉直径和间距变化对集束式长短剪力钉抗剪性能的影响,通过10组共计34个推出试验,分析了集束式长短剪力钉试件与标准推出试件之间抗剪承载力、抗剪刚度和破坏形态的变化规律,获得了集束式长短剪力钉的荷载-滑移关系,提出了考虑剪力钉顶杆直径和间距变化的集束式长短剪力钉的抗剪承载力计算公式,明确了集束式剪力钉布置下群钉的折减系数.试验结果表明:抗剪承载力和抗剪刚度随着剪力钉直径和纵向间距的增大而增大;群钉的抗剪承载力折减系数为0.71.     

螺钉端距对自攻螺钉连接抗剪性能的影响研究

超薄壁冷弯型钢结构体系均采用自攻螺钉连接,自攻螺钉的力学性能直接影响该结构体系的力学性能稳定性。建立三组6个试件探讨不同端距对自攻螺钉连接超薄壁钢板材的抗剪性能。结果表明:螺钉端距对自攻螺钉连接的抗剪性能影响较大,建议合理端距取4～5倍螺钉直径。     

内置钢板抗剪连接件方钢管混凝土柱推出试验

为了定量化研究带抗剪连接件方钢管混凝土界面的抗剪承载力,设计了10个内壁设置抗剪连接件的方钢管混凝土试件,并进行推出试验,其中9个为钢板条连接件试件,1个为钢筋条连接件对比试件.试验设计参数包括钢管壁厚(宽厚比)、抗剪连接件厚度、抗剪连接件层数、抗剪连接件层间间距及抗剪连接件种类.研究结果表明:钢管宽厚比的降低、连接件厚度的增大均能有效地提高极限承载力及初始刚度;双层连接件试件的极限承载力高于单层连接件试件,极限承载力提高程度与钢板条间距有较大关系;在相等用钢量的情况下,相同层数的钢筋条试件相比较钢板条试件,极限承载力提高了87%,且延性较好;提出的计算方法所得的理论计算值与试验结果较为相符.     

开孔板连接件剪切受力机理的试验研究

提出新的开孔板连接件抗剪承载力测试方法.共进行七组21个试件试验,测试开孔板连接件的荷载-滑移关系,观测开孔板连接件的破坏形态.结果表明:每组试件的荷载-滑移曲线重复性较好,验证了本文提出的测试方法的合理性.根据试验结果,分析开孔板连接件的破坏性质及影响开孔板连接件抗剪承载力的因素.     

钢筋桁架楼承板-U形钢组合梁 不同抗剪连接方式的受弯性能

为了合理利用在装配式钢结构建筑中应用广泛的钢筋桁架楼承板,将钢筋桁架的下弦钢筋焊接于U形钢梁的上翼缘作为一种新型的抗剪连接件,设计了4根采用钢筋桁架、角钢、栓钉及其组合抗剪连接方式的简支U形钢-混凝土组合梁,并对其进行了静力试验研究和有限元分析,考察了不同抗剪连接方式对其正截面受弯性能的影响.试验结果表明:试件的破坏形态为整体弯曲破坏和端部滑移破坏;仅采用钢筋桁架作为抗剪连接件的试件不能达到完全抗剪连接,可再配置适量栓钉以提高其组合作用;采用钢筋桁架与栓钉作为组合抗剪连接方式的试件的抗剪连接性能优于采用钢筋桁架与角钢作为组合抗剪连接方式的试件.同时运用ABAQUS对试件进行了有限元分析,有限元分析的受弯承载力值与试验值吻合较好.最后在试验研究和有限元分析的基础上,基于全截面塑性理论,提出了完全抗剪连接的钢筋桁架楼承板-U形钢组合梁在正弯矩作用下的受弯承载力计算公式.     

FCP复合墙板在循环荷载下抗剪性能试验

目的研究纤维水泥压力复合外墙板在低周往复荷载下的抗剪力学性能,为其在实际工程中应用提供合理的设计依据.方法通过对3面足尺的FCP复合外墙板进行低周往复试验研究,得到各试件的荷载-转角曲线,承载力骨架曲线,极限承载力,转角延性系数,能量耗散系数,抗剪刚度.结果 FCP复合外墙板试件的破坏模式主要表现为:FCP覆面板角部位置破坏,冷弯薄壁型钢龙骨与自攻螺钉连接失效,两侧边框龙骨节点位置冷弯型钢龙骨连接位置破坏.试件延性系数在1.98~6.56,能量耗散系数在0.56~0.71,并得到了试件在层间位移角达到1/300时,对应的抗剪刚度.结论 FCP复合墙板满足正常使用状态下承载力要求.整个加载过程中,墙板试件没有从主体结构脱落.钢龙骨间距对试件侧向抗剪承载力影响不大,窗洞口削弱了试件的侧向抗剪承载力.     

套筒连接的预制拼装桥墩抗剪性能试验

为了探究采用灌浆套筒连接预制拼装桥墩的抗剪性能和影响因素,对拼接缝位置、截面中心增设无黏结预应力筋、拼接面增设剪力键齿的预制拼装桥墩试件及现浇混凝土桥墩试件进行了拟静力试验.分析比较了试件的损伤发展过程和最终的破坏模式.从滞回曲线、极限剪切承载力、变形等方面探讨了试件的抗剪性能,并与现浇混凝土试件的抗剪性能进行了比较.试验结果表明,采用灌浆套筒连接构造的预制拼装桥墩主要表现为弯剪破坏模式,变形能力和耗能能力良好,且与现浇试件抗剪性能相近.截面中心增设无黏结预应力筋的试件,可提高抗剪承载力,并降低了残余变形.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-