“高低型双涡流室双缩口燃烧室”柴油机的高原排放特性

为了研究"高低型双涡流室双缩口燃烧室"柴油机的高原排放特性,运用AVL Fire对某高原柴油机改用"高低型双涡流室双缩口燃烧室",并进行在海拔4500 m的模拟燃烧.结果表明:相对于原型ω燃烧室,"高低型双涡流室双缩口燃烧室"能够同时降低NOx与碳烟(SOOT)排放量.为了进一步优化"高低型双涡流室双缩口燃烧室"的高原排放性能,设置了不同的径深比、高低涡流室半径比与不同的喷油夹角,进行计算.结果表明:在计算范围内,随着该型燃烧室的最大径深比的增大,NOx排放量先下降后上升,SOOT排放量先上升后下降;随着高低涡流室半径比的增大,柴油机的NOx排放量先降低后增大,而SOOT排放量一直下降;随着喷油夹角的升高,该燃烧室的NOx排放量先下降后上升再下降,最后再升高,呈W形趋势,而SOOT排放量则先升高,后降低.研究结果为用于高海拔地区的"高低型双涡流室双缩口燃烧室"提供了设计参考.     

缸内高压直喷天然气发动机的怠速排放特性

以一台缸内高压直喷天然气发动机为对象,在不同柴油轨压力及天然气喷射提前角条件下对CO、HC及NOx的排放量进行试验研究.结果表明:当发动机处于怠速运转,天然气在上止点附近喷入气缸时,3种轨压力下CO排放量的差异较小;当天然气喷射提前角推迟到上止点后一定角度时,CO的排放量随着柴油的轨压力升高而降低,当天然气喷射提前角提前到上止点前一定角度时,CO排放量则呈现出相反的变化趋势;随着天然气喷射提前角增大,3种轨压力下CO的排放量均降低;HC排放量随着柴油轨压力的升高而增加,随着天然气喷射提前角的增大而降低,且当柴油轨压力从18 MPa升到24 MPa时,HC的排放量增幅较大;NOx的排放量随着柴油轨压力的提高而升高,随着天然气喷射提前角的增大而升高,且当柴油轨压力从12 MPa升到18 MPa时,NOx的排放量增幅显著.     

污泥燃烧过程中NOx排放特性的实验研究

在立式管式炉上进行了石化污泥和市政污泥的燃烧实验,研究了含水率、燃烧温度和污泥类型对于NOx排放特性的影响.通过控制干燥时间得到了不同含水率的污泥.研究结果表明,在含水率为5%~35%的范围内,石化污泥和市政污泥燃烧过程中的NOx排放量均随着含水率的升高而降低;在温度为700~900℃的范围内,两种污泥燃烧过程中的NOx排放量则随着温度的升高而增加;石化污泥的金属氧化物含量更高,使得在燃烧过程中的NOx排放量更大.并从NOx的生成机理上对这些结论作了具体的分析,解释了不同因素对NOx排放量的影响.     

燃烧调整对炉内温度分布及NOx排放的影响

采用具有三维温度场可视化监控系统的300 MW四角切圆燃煤锅炉,研究燃烧调整对炉内温度分布和NOx排放规律的影响.结果表明,总风量调整、总燃料量扰动、燃烧器摆角调整、层间燃料量调整、燃烧器不同组合以及单层燃烧器燃料调整直接影响炉内沿高度方向的温度场分布、NOx的排放量、飞灰含碳量和辐射能.NOx排放量与实时炉内温度分布密切相关,这与已逐渐成熟的NOx生成机理的研究结果一致.     

基于改进粒子群算法的电站锅炉NOx排放预测控制及优化

基于支持向量机算法建立锅炉NOx排放模型,并利用实炉热态数据对模型进行校验.应用一种改进的粒子群优化算法对锅炉运行参数进行优化,并与一般线性粒子群优化算法进行对比.研究结果表明,NOx排放量明显降低,且改进的优化算法收敛性更好,为锅炉NOx排放的预测控制提供了更好的方式.     

含醇汽油的燃烧与排放特性对比试验研究

为研究汽油分别掺混甲醇、乙醇、正丁醇和异丙醇-正丁醇-乙醇(IBE)的燃烧与排放特性,在1台进气道喷射型点燃式发动机内分别将不同醇体积分数和不同工况下的含醇汽油进行对比试验研究。研究结果表明:含醇汽油的燃烧相位比纯汽油的燃烧相位提前且随醇体积分数增大更提前,故应推迟点火;含醇汽油的有效热效率除IBE(异丙醇-正丁醇-乙醇)外均下降,而有效燃油消耗率均升高,IBE-汽油的有效燃油消耗率最低;含醇汽油的CO排放在稀燃时随当量比增大而升高,与纯汽油相比,甲醇-汽油的UHC排放升高,而乙醇-汽油、正丁醇-汽油的UTC排放量降低,IBE-汽油的UTC排放量最低;含醇汽油的NOx排放量均比纯汽油的NOx排放量低,甲醇-汽油的排放量最低;相比纯汽油,IBE30的燃烧相位有较大提前,且IBE30与纯汽油的燃烧相位的差距随当量比(即可燃混合气中理论上可完全燃烧的实际含有的燃料质量与空气质量之比)和平均有效压力的增大而减小,有效热效率略高,CO,UHC和NOx排放量均较低;IBE有望成为良好的汽油代用燃料。     

立体分级低氮燃烧技术在恒运电厂2×210MW锅炉上的应用

通过对2?10MW的锅炉机组进行燃烧器和燃尽风的改造技术实现燃料的水平分级和空气的竖直分级,并针对不同的二次风配风方式和燃尽风的份额条件下的燃烧过程进行了实验研究。根据测量结果分析可见,改造前烟气中NOx排放量为550mg/m3,改造后的锅炉机组,实测的烟气中NOx排放量可降到230 mg/m3,降低了约58%（折算到O2=6%）。NOx的排放量与煤粉喷口周围的还原性气氛相关,该部分的空气量影响了燃料N的转换过程。对煤粉的空气分级燃烧技术,存在一个最佳的燃尽风份额,可以促使NOx的排放浓度达到最低的水平。     

超细煤粉燃烧NOx析出特性试验

对超细煤粉在一维热态煤粉炉内燃烧时煤粉粒径、炉膛温度、过量空气系数及煤种等因素对NOx释放特性的影响规律进行了试验研究．研究结果表明：超细煤粉NOx的排放浓度低于常规粒径煤粉;NOx的排放浓度,随过量空气系数的增加而明显增加;煤种不同,NOx排放规律不同,煤粉超细化后,龙口褐煤的排放量明显减少,晋城无烟煤则变化不大;NOx的排放浓度随温度的升高而升高。     

天然气再燃过程与排放特性数值研究

应用CFD计算软件FLUENT6.1,对煤粉炉天然气再燃烧过程进行了数值模拟.分析了不同再燃烧工况下,NOx、CO2、CO等污染物的排放量及飞灰含碳量与煤粉炉热效率之间的关系.结果表明,天然气再燃技术能够有效地降低NOx的排放量,且燃料燃烧充分,煤粉炉热效率较高.给出了在保证煤粉炉较高热效率前提下,有效降低NOx排放的天然气再燃量、天然气投射位置以及再燃烧区过量空气系数.NOx排放浓度的计算值与试验值的变化趋势基本保持一致,表明计算方法可用于工程实际.对现有锅炉进行一定的结构改造,通过天然气再燃可达到高效降低NOx排放的目的.     

燃烧调整对330MW锅炉NO_x排放的影响

对燃煤锅炉Nox生成机理的三种类型分析的基础上,结合1018t/h锅炉的热力试验数据进行逐项影响因素研究。得出锅炉在进行燃烧调整过程中二次风箱与炉膛压差、配风方式、氧量、磨煤机组合运行方式等因素对NOx排放量的影响情况。在不影响锅炉效率的情况下,对燃烧进行调整优化,从而来达到减少NOx排放的目的。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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