酚醛树脂保温板热解动力学研究

采用热重分析仪研究酚醛树脂保温板粉体热解行为.采用FWO法探讨活化能分布,机理函数法确定热解动力学模型.结果表明:10 K/min的升温速率下,酚醛树脂保温板粉体热解过程可分为三个阶段.低于180℃,粉体表面吸附水份受热脱附蒸发过程,失重约10％,符合一维扩散的D1机理函数模型,活化能约25 kJ/mol;180～408℃,交联网络的分解和主聚合物链的随机断裂,同时释放出低分子烃类挥发物,失重约32％,符合二级化学反应模型,活化能约为58 kJ/mol;408～800℃,芳香族组分分解,失重约28％,遵循三维扩散、球形对称模型,活化能约为67 kJ/mol;剩余固体物为炭,约占30％.DTG曲线出现多峰,证明酚醛树脂保温板热解是个复杂过程;随着升温速率提高炭得率略有增加.     

磁铁精矿球团氧化动力学

推导出了磁铁矿氧化"单界面未反应核"修正模型,并应用该模型研究了凹山磁铁精矿球团的氧化动力学.研究结果表明:在800～950℃时,凹山磁铁精矿球团氧化反应表观活化能为64 kJ/mol,其氧化由化学反应所控制;在1000～1 050℃时,氧化反应的表观活化能为13 kJ/mol,反应为反应产物层的内扩散所控制;在950～1000℃时,氧化反应为混合控制;在较低氧化温度下,加入MgO可以降低化学反应阻力,提高球团的氧化率;在较高氧化温度下,MgO对扩散阻力无明显影响,添加MgO并不提高氧化反应速度,但在任何氧化温度下,添加MgO不改变磁铁矿氧化反应的控制环节.     

攀枝花铁精矿粉氧化过程的实验研究

采用热重分析法研究升温速率和反应气流量对铁精粉氧化过程的影响。采用积分法对不同气体流量条件下的热重数据进行处理得到反应的动力学参数(表观活化能E)。研究结果表明:升温速率和气体流量均能改变氧化产物的微观形貌;在整个氧化反应过程中,主要步骤由外扩散型转变为内扩散型,最后转变为外扩散型;220~350℃时,表观活化能为48~52 kJ/mol;400~600℃时,表观活化能为22~30 kJ/mol;620~750℃时,表观活化能为11~15 kJ/mol;当升温速率8℃/min时,反应的最佳气流量为45 mL/min。     

粘结剂炭的氧化动力学研究

两种粘结剂炭的氧化动力学实验表明，粘结剂炭氧化反应属一级反应。850℃、1000℃制备的中间相沥青（NJ8）的表现活化能分别为107.90kJ/mol和170．60kJ/mol，而酚醛树脂炭的表观活化能分别为65．01kJ/mol和97．63kJ/mol。可见中间相沥青（NJ8)炭的抗氧化性明显优于酚醛树脂炭。     

废弃环氧树脂电路板的热解机理及动力学研究

采用热分析技术(TGA)研究废弃环氧树脂电路板在氮气气氛和真空条件下热解过程的反应机理和动力学行为.将热解过程分为2个阶段进行机理和动力学研究.研究结果表明:环氧电路板的热解过程第1步是失去水分和小分子物质,第2步是有机材料的裂解.氮气氛围和真空2种条件下裂解反应第1阶段遵循共同的机理函数,是以成核及核成长为控制步骤的A3机理,反应级数为3级:第2阶段都是以幂函数不均匀生长为控制步骤的C1.5机理;真空热解有利于降低反应的活化能;氮气氛围裂解反应各阶段的表观活化能和频率因子分别为:E1=239.95kJ/mol,Al=1.94×1022s-1:E2=130.73 kJ/mol,A2=1.88× 1013 s-1;在真空条件下,裂解反应各阶段的表观活化能和频率因子分别为:E1=74.24 kJ/mol,A1=1.52×108 s-1;E2=41.64 kJ/mol,A2=5.16×1010 s-1.     

含钛高炉渣脱硫的动力学研究

在实验室条件下对承钢含钛高炉渣进行了脱硫过程的动力学研究,确定其脱硫的相关动力学参数。结果发现：在温度一定时,铁水中脱硫量和时间的延长而降低。由于铁水的脱硫反应属于二级反应,硫在熔渣中的扩散成了脱硫过程的限制性环节,熔渣的脱硫能力与炉温成正比,并且在试验中的到硫在熔渣中的扩散活化能为 ED =127.04kJ/ mol。     

丙烯腈／2-乙烯基吡啶共聚物合成动力学及其降解表观活化能研究

以偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂,在H2O／N,N’-二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）混合溶剂中成功实现了丙烯腈（AN）和2-乙烯基吡啶（EPD）的共聚反应,研究了共聚反应动力学规律和AN／EPD共聚物的热解反应动力学规律,得到了共聚反应动力学方程和AN／EPD共聚物热解反应表观活化能．当H2O／DMF（重量比）=100／0时,共聚反应动力学方程为R∝[AIBN]^0.695[AN]^1.89[EPD]^1.41,AN／EPD共聚物热解反应表观活化能为84．8kJ／mol;当H2O／DMF（重量比）=0／100时,共聚反应动力学方程为R∝[AIBN]^0.542[AN]^1.15[EPD]^1.02,AN／EPD共聚物热解反应表观活化能为138．6kJ／mol．在H2O含量较多的反应体系中,共聚反应机理倾向于悬浮聚合;而在含DMF较多的反应体系中,共聚反应机理倾向于溶液聚合．随着EPD含量的增加,AN／EPD共聚物热解反应表观活化能降低,但当EPD／AN（摩尔比）超过3／100后,共聚物热解反应表观活化能变化不明显,当聚合反应条件为CAN=5．0mol／L,CAIBN=0．006mol／L,CPVA=0．20g／L,H2O／DMF（重量比）=100／0,T=60℃,t=18min,EPD／AN（摩尔比）=5／100时,合成得到的AN／EPD共聚物热解反应表观活化能为72．9kJ／mol．     

氧化铁高温煤气脱硫剂再生动力学行为研究

在热天平装置上研究了SO2气氛下再生反应温度和反应气体中二氧化硫体积分数对氧化铁高温煤气脱硫剂再生行为的影响。实验结果表明,只有在温度高于600℃时氧化铁脱硫剂才可以进行再生,较高的反应温度和二氧化硫体积分数都有利于提高脱硫剂的再生反应速率。利用均匀反应模型确定了SO2气氛下脱硫剂的再生为一级反应,按照等效粒子模型对其动力学行为进行了分析。结果表明,二氧化硫气氛中氧化铁脱硫剂再生过程存在着由表面化学反应控制向内扩散控制的动力学控制步骤的转移过程。通过计算得出了再生反应表观动力学参数,化学反应速率常数的指前因子为8.79×107m/s,活化能为160.56 kJ/mol;有效扩散系数的指前因子为6.4×10-3m2/s,扩散活化能45.40 kJ/mol。     

线路板废渣的真空热解动力学

采用真空热解技术对真空下线路板废渣进行了热解动力学研究,以期为真空热解批量回收处理设备的设计提供理论依据.根据线路板废渣的热失重微分(DTG)曲线,讨论了其在三个失重反应阶段的情况,计算得到反应级数为3,活化能为68.001 kJ/mol,指前因子为4.67×107m in-1.与氮气下线路板的热解相比,真空下的热解反应活化能降低了100 kJ/mol左右.同时,根据计算所得动力学参数模拟的真空热解DTG曲线与实验所得的DTG曲线相一致.     

盐湖副产硫酸钙转化法制备高纯氧化钙

利用盐湖副产硫酸钙和碳酸氢铵溶液进行转化反应得到氧化钙的前驱体碳酸钙;然后,将其直接热解制备高纯氧化钙,分别考察物料配比、反应时间、反应温度等因素对硫酸钙转化率的影响,采用XRD和化学分析方法对产物进行分析,并对转化反应过程进行动力学分析。研究结果表明,在物料配比为1.3:1.0,反应时间为2.5 h,反应温度为50℃时,硫酸钙的转化率可达到99.6%,将固相产物在1 000℃热解1 h后所制备的氧化钙纯度为99.7%。转化反应过程符合收缩核模型,其的数学表达式为kt=1-(1-X)1/3,反应的表观活化能为43.4 kJ/mol,该模型表明转化反应过程受界面化学反应控制。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.