混凝土冲击拉伸力学性能及裂纹扩展试验研究和数值模拟

为真实反映混凝土材料劈裂拉伸力学性能,基于应变片法采用分离式霍普金森压杆对混凝土平台巴西圆盘试件进行了劈裂拉伸试验,研究了不同加载角对试件起裂方式及破坏模式的影响,并对试件破坏过程进行了扩展有限元模拟,同时与试验结果进行了对比分析,得到用于测试混凝土拉伸力学性能的最优加载角.基于此得到动态劈拉下3种不同强度混凝土的劈裂拉伸应力-径向应变曲线及抗拉强度、极限应变、拉伸敏感系数等参数的应变率效应.结果表明:20°加载角可以保证圆盘在中心起裂,用于测试混凝土劈裂拉伸性能最为可靠.在高应变率下,混凝土动态力学参数均具有明显的应变率效应,裂纹沿试件受力方向扩展、贯通直至试件沿加载直径方向劈裂为两半,破坏面表现为骨料破坏,与数值模拟结果一致.     

岩石巴西圆盘的SHPB试验分析

为了研究花岗岩、千枚岩、磁铁石英岩不同应变率下三种岩石的拉伸敏感系数、弹性模量、能量耗散特征和破坏方式的变化规律,利用霍普金森试验装置对三种岩石进行动态平台巴西圆盘劈裂拉伸试验,试验结果表明:三种岩石的拉伸敏感系数随应变率的提高而增大,且应变率对拉伸敏感系数存在突变阈值;千枚岩和磁铁石英岩的弹性模量随应变率的增加而增大,花岗岩的弹性模量在应变率达到247.1 s-1以后基本不变;入射能、反射能、吸收能随着应变率的提高而增加,但试件吸收的能量相对于入射能是减小的,而透射能基本保持不变;三种岩石均沿加载直径方向劈裂,由中心起裂,满足了巴西圆盘试验的有效性,当应变率较大时,会在试样的加载端部的三角区出现粉碎区.     

岩石SHPB劈裂分析理论研究

为了分析岩石在冲击载荷下的动态劈裂破坏情况,通过分析巴西圆盘在动态劈裂和静态劈裂时表面应力分布均匀化的相似性,可以将静态劈裂时的弹性理论应用到动态劈裂当中,得到巴西圆盘在动态劈裂下的动态抗拉强度、动态抗压强度、应变率和应变的计算公式.应用三维非线性动力学分析软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA,模拟巴西圆盘在分离式霍布金逊压杆实验装置上受冲击时动态劈裂的整个实验过程.基于动态抗拉强度公式和动态抗压强度公式,对试件的实际拉应力曲线与计算拉应力曲线进行对比,以及对实际压应力曲线与计算压应力曲线进行对比,通过对比曲线的相互吻合性证明数值模型适用于对岩石冲击劈裂破坏性质的研究.通过分析试样表面的应力均匀化过程以及试样表面对心压缩轴线上拉应力方向的应力分布情况,得出试样在对心压缩轴线表面上的破坏顺序是由从两个冲击端部向中心发展的;通过分析试样沿对心压缩轴线所切剖面上的拉应力分布,得出试样在厚度方向上的破坏顺序是由表面向内部发展的.     

红砂岩巴西劈裂强度和极限应变的尺寸效应

为研究红砂岩中巴西劈裂强度和破坏极限应变的尺寸效应,试验采用了直径50mm,高度分别为20、25、30、35、40、45、50mm等7组不同厚度的红砂岩圆盘试件进行巴西劈裂试验,同时在试件圆盘中央黏贴应变片监测试件加载直至破坏过程中的横向应变、纵向应变。试验发现,不同厚度下的红砂岩试件所得巴西劈裂抗拉强度不同,试验回归分析了红砂岩中巴西劈裂抗拉强度与厚度的关系,在20~30mm厚度范围内,劈拉强度随厚度的增加而增大,在30~50mm范围内,劈拉强度随厚度增加而无明显变化。     

高强混凝土巴西圆盘动态劈裂试验

以圆形紫铜片作为波形整形器,利用直径100 mm的霍普金森压杆装置,研究了不同弹速冲击下高强混凝土平台巴西圆盘试件的动态拉伸强度,得到了高强混凝土在冲击作用下的劈裂强度、破坏模式和应力时程曲线。试验结果表明:随着冲击应变率的提高,高强混凝土试件的动态劈裂强度和破坏程度不断增大,具有显著的应变率敏感性。高速冲击荷载下的混凝土断面区较为光滑,裂缝直接穿过石子导致试样断裂。     

基于数字图像相关方法的巴西圆盘变形局部化分析

为了研究岩石拉破坏过程中的变形局部化特征,采用数字图像相关方法进行了巴西圆盘劈裂试验及变形场测试,分析了圆盘试件破坏过程中的水平位移场演化过程。研究表明:巴西圆盘在压密阶段即已出现较明显的水平位移局部化现象,弹性阶段的局部化区域由上下端向中部扩展,在塑性阶段演化为近似中心对称的扇形;巴西圆盘左右背向位移差过大时,试件中部会呈现一条零位移条带,并在峰值点时张拉破坏为裂隙带。     

黑云母石英片岩巴西劈裂试验的破坏特征研究

为探究拉伸破坏条件下含片理结构岩石的各向异性,对不同加载角度的黑云母石英片岩开展巴西劈裂试验,并借助声发射技术,进行片岩破坏特征的理论和试验分析.结果表明:片岩的破坏规律为压密变形-弹性变形-瞬时破坏,具有典型的塑-弹性变形特征.依据裂纹形态,可分为中央直线劈裂、沿片理斜劈裂、弓形劈裂及沿片理弓形复杂劈裂4类破坏模式.通过分析加载线上各点的应力状态,不同角度下加载线上的点存在纯剪切、压剪和拉剪3种破坏机制.声发射特征参数各向异性显著,累计能量与角度呈"两边大、中间小"的变化规律.引入新参量"能率峰值比"对能率峰值和累计能量进行联合分析,22.5°岩样的能率峰值比最大,最小值则出现在45°,该参量可从能量角度定量地表征岩石破坏强烈程度.     

混凝土动态劈裂试验中的惯性效应研究

在商业有限元软件中采用应变率不敏感的材料本构模型对巴西圆盘动态劈裂试验进行了数值模拟,研究了不同厚径比以及平台巴西圆盘中平台角度对动态抗拉强度的影响。分析表明,动态劈裂试验中惯性效应对抗拉强度有比较大的影响,且惯性效应与试件尺寸、平台角度以及应变率有关。所得结果将为巴西圆盘动态劈裂试验设计提供参考,通过与试验数据的对比,可得到材料真实的应变率效应。     

充填与非充填双裂隙巴西圆盘试样力学特性试验研究

在验证类岩石材料可行性的基础上,制作了双裂隙巴西圆盘试样.基于巴西劈裂试验,研究了裂隙充填情况对不同岩桥倾角下双裂隙巴西圆盘试样力学特性的影响规律.结果表明,无论裂隙是否充填,试样的峰值强度和峰值应变随着岩桥倾角的增加都呈现先降低后稳定的变化趋势,但充填双裂隙圆盘试样力学参数整体高于非充填试样.结合声发射和数字散斑应变测量系统分析了试样的裂纹扩展特征,将试样破坏模式分为非贯通破坏、次生裂纹贯通破坏和翼裂纹贯通破坏3类,认为试样表面拉应变集中带的形成方式与最终破坏模式直接相关.最后总结了充填物对双裂隙圆盘试样力学特性的影响规律:当裂隙非重叠时,充填物能够显著影响试样的裂纹扩展行为,强化双裂隙圆盘试样的力学特性;裂隙重叠时,充填物主要提升双裂隙圆盘试样峰后承载能力,而对其破裂模式的影响有限;临界重叠状态时,充填物对试样的力学特性几乎没有影响.     

考虑加载速率与厚径比影响的 巴西圆盘劈裂强度分析

为综合研究加载速率和厚径比2个因素对测定茅口灰岩抗拉强度的影响关系,开展了一系列采用对称小圆弧加载方式下的巴西试验;通过ANSYS有限差分软件模拟巴西劈裂试验,结合Griffith强度理论分析不同厚径比圆盘试样在不同加载速率下的等效应力分布规律.试验研究结果表明:岩石抗拉强度会随试验加载速率的增加而增大,同时随厚径比的增大呈三次函数衰减关系.数值计算结果表明:越靠近圆盘试样端面中心点,等效应力值越大;除个别点处应力集中外,端面中心点的等效应力值也会随着加载速率的增加而增加;圆盘的起裂位置亦发生在端面中心点处.在此基础上对岩石抗拉强度公式进行修正,建立了更加真实的考虑加载速率与厚径比影响的巴西圆盘劈裂强度修正公式.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that