微孔有机聚合物

微孔有机聚合物是一种新型的多孔材料,在非均相催化、吸附、分离和气体存储等方面具有潜在的应用.它是最近几十年发展起来的,全部由有机分子的构建块组装而成的微孔（孔径小于2.0nm）固体.依据设计策略的不同,主要可以分成以下4种：（1）通过交联反应阻止链密堆积的超交联聚合物;（2）通过刚性和扭曲基团阻止链密堆积的自具微孔聚合物;（3）通过大共轭？-体系刚性结构组建的共轭微孔聚合物;（4）通过适宜的官能团发生可逆地缩合反应来制备的共价有机骨架聚合物.本文根据国内外的研究背景,重点介绍自具微孔聚合物和共轭微孔聚合物.     

有机缓蚀剂在化学清洗中的作用机理

结合化学清洗的特点,从电化学的角度阐明了有机缓蚀剂在化学清洗中的重要性和作用机理.     

一种光化学传感体系的构筑及其在水溶液中对草酸根的荧光识别

设计合成了以联二萘酚类双希夫碱化合物为配体的双核铜配合物4,用其作为二元羧酸阴离子的受体与荧光素钠构筑了化学传感体系.采用指示剂置换法,研究了该化学传感体系在水溶液中(HEPES 10 mM,pH=7.4)对二元羧酸阴离子的识别作用.所确立的化学传感体系对草酸根具有良好的选择性,其它共存的二元羧酸阴离子对草酸根的识别过程无明显干扰.     

Improving the performance of doped pi-conjugated polymers for use in organic light-emitting diodes

Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) represent a promising technology for large, flexible, lightweight, flat-panel displays. Such devices consist of one or several semiconducting organic layer(s) sandwiched between two electrodes. When an electric field is applied, electrons are injected by the cathode into the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of the adjacent molecules (simultaneously, holes are injected by the anode into the highest occupied molecular orbital). The two types of carriers migrate towards each other and a fraction of them recombine to form excitons, some of which decay radiatively to the ground state by spontaneous emission. Doped pi-conjugated polymer layers improve the injection of holes in OLED devices; this is thought to result from the more favourable work function of these injection layers compared with the more commonly used layer material (indium tin oxide). Here we demonstrate that by increasing the doping level of such polymers, the barrier to hole injection can be continuously reduced. The use of combinatorial devices allows us to quickly screen for the optimum doping level. We apply this concept in OLED devices with hole-limited electroluminescence (such as polyfluorene-based systems), finding that it is possible to significantly reduce the operating voltage while improving the light output and efficiency.     

Lubrication by charged polymers

Long-ranged forces between surfaces in a liquid control effects from colloid stability to biolubrication, and can be modified either by steric factors due to flexible polymers, or by surface charge effects. In particular, neutral polymer 'brushes' may lead to a massive reduction in sliding friction between the surfaces to which they are attached, whereas hydrated ions can act as extremely efficient lubricants between sliding charged surfaces. Here we show that brushes of charged polymers (polyelectrolytes) attached to surfaces rubbing across an aqueous medium result in superior lubrication compared to other polymeric surfactants. Effective friction coefficients with polyelectrolyte brushes in water are lower than about 0.0006-0.001 even at low sliding velocities and at pressures of up to several atmospheres (typical of those in living systems). We attribute this to the exceptional resistance to mutual interpenetration displayed by the compressed, counterion-swollen brushes, together with the fluidity of the hydration layers surrounding the charged, rubbing polymer segments. Our findings may have implications for biolubrication effects, which are important in the design of lubricated surfaces in artificial implants, and in understanding frictional processes in biological systems.     

增强二元混合物中少量化合物的受激拉曼散射光谱

在二元混合物构成的悬垂液滴中，用罗丹明640染料的激光增益，增强了少量化合物的受激拉曼散射光谱，并分别将甲醇-乙醇、乙醇-水混合液中的少量化合物的受激拉曼光谱可探测极限降低了近一个数量级．     

憎水有机物在土壤有机质中的吸附

针对憎水有机物在土壤有机质的非线性吸附行为还不完全清楚的状况,通过研究菲、萘和二甲苯等有机化合物在土壤,以及从其中分离出来的腐殖质、腐殖酸和碱提取后的土壤的吸附行为进行研究,讨论非线性吸附的机制.吸附等温线的非线性程度按如下顺序变化腐殖酸＜土壤＜腐殖质＜碱提出土.脂肪碳富集的腐殖质的等温吸附行为表现出很强的吸附亲和性含量以及高的非线性.文章最后采用了无定型脂肪碳的固结概念模式来解释这些吸附行为.     

Improving enzymes by using them in organic solvents

The technological utility of enzymes can be enhanced greatly by using them in organic solvents rather than their natural aqueous reaction media. Studies over the past 15 years have revealed not only that this change in solvent is feasible, but also that in such seemingly hostile environments enzymes can catalyse reactions impossible in water, become more stable, and exhibit new behaviour such as 'molecular memory'. Of particular importance has been the discovery that enzymatic selectivity, including substrate, stereo-, regio- and chemoselectivity, can be markedly affected, and sometimes even inverted, by the solvent. Enzyme-catalysed reactions in organic solvents, and even in supercritical fluids and the gas phase, have found numerous potential applications, some of which are already commercialized.     

惠斯通电桥灵敏度的计算机仿真研究

使用电桥测电阻时的精度主要取决于电桥的灵敏度，通过计算机仿真对影响电桥灵敏度的因素进行研究，有利于实际测量中充分提高电桥灵敏度精确地测量电阻的阻值。     

超滤浓缩担子菌发酵液聚合物的研究

利用中空纤维超滤器对灵芝发酵液中聚合物的浓缩进行了较系统的研究,并推导出该超滤器放大的适宜计算公式．结果表明：截留分子量１００００ｄ的聚砜不对称膜是适于超滤浓缩灵芝发酵液的超滤膜．适宜的超滤条件为操作压力０．２ＭＰａ,料液温度２０～３０℃,循环速度０．２２ｍ／ｓ;在此条件下超滤２００ｍｉｎ,通量及截留率分别稳定在９．１Ｌ／（ｍ２ｈ）和９６％左右,发酵液聚合物浓缩５倍以上,其收率达９２．６％．     

The Gas Sensitivity of Polypyrrole Film Fabricated by in Situ Polymerization

1 Results Polypyrrole (PPy) is a typical conducting polymer with high conductivity and good stability,and has been widely used for detection of gases including ammonia and nitroxide[1].However the reversiblity and selectivity of the response to these gases are always not satisfying.In the paper,conductive PPy film was deposited on the interdigital electrode modified by one bilayer of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) and poly(sodium styrenesulfonate),by in-situ polymerization with FeCl3 as oxidizin...