微孔有机聚合物

微孔有机聚合物是一种新型的多孔材料,在非均相催化、吸附、分离和气体存储等方面具有潜在的应用.它是最近几十年发展起来的,全部由有机分子的构建块组装而成的微孔（孔径小于2.0nm）固体.依据设计策略的不同,主要可以分成以下4种：（1）通过交联反应阻止链密堆积的超交联聚合物;（2）通过刚性和扭曲基团阻止链密堆积的自具微孔聚合物;（3）通过大共轭？-体系刚性结构组建的共轭微孔聚合物;（4）通过适宜的官能团发生可逆地缩合反应来制备的共价有机骨架聚合物.本文根据国内外的研究背景,重点介绍自具微孔聚合物和共轭微孔聚合物.     

Progress in photonic and optoelectronic active polymers and organic solids

The progress of the researches in photonic and optoelectronic active polymers and organic solids in recent two decades is reviewed with particular attention to the excellent achievements of Chinese scientists. The recent progress in the areas of conducting polymers, organic light-emitting diodes, photoelectric conversion material, material for information storage, and nonlinear optical polymers is introduced. The peculiarities of organic photonic and optoelectronic active materials are briefly compared with those of inorganic photonic and optoelectronic materials.     

有机缓蚀剂在化学清洗中的作用机理

结合化学清洗的特点,从电化学的角度阐明了有机缓蚀剂在化学清洗中的重要性和作用机理.     

一种光化学传感体系的构筑及其在水溶液中对草酸根的荧光识别

设计合成了以联二萘酚类双希夫碱化合物为配体的双核铜配合物4,用其作为二元羧酸阴离子的受体与荧光素钠构筑了化学传感体系.采用指示剂置换法,研究了该化学传感体系在水溶液中(HEPES 10 mM,pH=7.4)对二元羧酸阴离子的识别作用.所确立的化学传感体系对草酸根具有良好的选择性,其它共存的二元羧酸阴离子对草酸根的识别过程无明显干扰.     

Improving the performance of doped pi-conjugated polymers for use in organic light-emitting diodes

Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) represent a promising technology for large, flexible, lightweight, flat-panel displays. Such devices consist of one or several semiconducting organic layer(s) sandwiched between two electrodes. When an electric field is applied, electrons are injected by the cathode into the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of the adjacent molecules (simultaneously, holes are injected by the anode into the highest occupied molecular orbital). The two types of carriers migrate towards each other and a fraction of them recombine to form excitons, some of which decay radiatively to the ground state by spontaneous emission. Doped pi-conjugated polymer layers improve the injection of holes in OLED devices; this is thought to result from the more favourable work function of these injection layers compared with the more commonly used layer material (indium tin oxide). Here we demonstrate that by increasing the doping level of such polymers, the barrier to hole injection can be continuously reduced. The use of combinatorial devices allows us to quickly screen for the optimum doping level. We apply this concept in OLED devices with hole-limited electroluminescence (such as polyfluorene-based systems), finding that it is possible to significantly reduce the operating voltage while improving the light output and efficiency.     

Lubrication by charged polymers

Long-ranged forces between surfaces in a liquid control effects from colloid stability to biolubrication, and can be modified either by steric factors due to flexible polymers, or by surface charge effects. In particular, neutral polymer 'brushes' may lead to a massive reduction in sliding friction between the surfaces to which they are attached, whereas hydrated ions can act as extremely efficient lubricants between sliding charged surfaces. Here we show that brushes of charged polymers (polyelectrolytes) attached to surfaces rubbing across an aqueous medium result in superior lubrication compared to other polymeric surfactants. Effective friction coefficients with polyelectrolyte brushes in water are lower than about 0.0006-0.001 even at low sliding velocities and at pressures of up to several atmospheres (typical of those in living systems). We attribute this to the exceptional resistance to mutual interpenetration displayed by the compressed, counterion-swollen brushes, together with the fluidity of the hydration layers surrounding the charged, rubbing polymer segments. Our findings may have implications for biolubrication effects, which are important in the design of lubricated surfaces in artificial implants, and in understanding frictional processes in biological systems.     

增强二元混合物中少量化合物的受激拉曼散射光谱

在二元混合物构成的悬垂液滴中，用罗丹明640染料的激光增益，增强了少量化合物的受激拉曼散射光谱，并分别将甲醇-乙醇、乙醇-水混合液中的少量化合物的受激拉曼光谱可探测极限降低了近一个数量级．     

憎水有机物在土壤有机质中的吸附

针对憎水有机物在土壤有机质的非线性吸附行为还不完全清楚的状况,通过研究菲、萘和二甲苯等有机化合物在土壤,以及从其中分离出来的腐殖质、腐殖酸和碱提取后的土壤的吸附行为进行研究,讨论非线性吸附的机制.吸附等温线的非线性程度按如下顺序变化腐殖酸＜土壤＜腐殖质＜碱提出土.脂肪碳富集的腐殖质的等温吸附行为表现出很强的吸附亲和性含量以及高的非线性.文章最后采用了无定型脂肪碳的固结概念模式来解释这些吸附行为.     

用染料激光增益增强弱增益拉曼模式的受激拉曼散射的经典理论

 建立了用染料激光增益增强弱拉曼模式的受激拉曼散射(SRS)的经典理论,详细给出了拉曼增益g_R,染料激光增益g_D和总损耗α的表达式,并在其推导过程中对经典理论作了修正,最后得到了激光增益和受激拉曼增益可以共同使SRS强度的指数部分快速增长的结果,可以很好地解释观察到的实验现象,并为其提供理论依据.     

石英毛细管中回音壁模式激光的波长漂移特性

 利用石英毛细管截面构成的圆形微腔,从实验和理论2个方面研究了回音壁模式激光辐射随增益包层溶液的折射率以及染料浓度的变化特性.实验结果表明,随包层溶液折射率的增加,回音壁模式的激光辐射向短波方向漂移;随包层溶液中染料浓度的增加,回音壁模式的激光辐射向长波方向漂移.包层溶液折射率的增加导致微腔品质因数降低,而染料浓度的增加致使激光增益范围向长波方向扩展.基于如上分析,结合微腔理论和染料激光的四能级模型,成功地解释了实验结果.