煤矸石淋滤液中多组分溶质对地下水污染的研究

以溶质运移理论为基础,针对阜新市新邱露天煤矿煤矸石淋滤液对地下水污染实际情况,分析了煤矸石渗滤液在含水层中运移的规律,在综合考虑对流扩散、吸附解吸、生物降解条件下建立了淋滤液在地下水中运移的耦合动力学数学模型,采用Galerkin有限元方法和Picard迭代法相结合对耦合模型进行了离散,模拟了淋溶液对地下水污染的动态过程,预测了污染浓度的时空分布特征,并结合实际观测数据进行对比.结果表明:污染面积随时间推移不断扩大,且纵向扩散显著;不同组分(Ca2 Mg2 、SO2-4、Cl-)由于各自特征的巨大差异,污染程度也有很大差别;污染物浓度变化趋势及计算值与监测结果基本吻合,从而验证了模型的可靠性和实用性.此外,从模拟结果中发现:生物降解对淋滤液在地下水中的分布起到了稀释作用,在一定程度上净化了地下水系统.图3,表2,参8.     

低渗透多孔介质中地下水污染研究

为了准确地研究低渗介质中地下水污染问题,在充分考虑地下水在低渗介质中渗流时存在启动压力梯度和动边界的基础上,建立低渗介质中地下水污染和地下水渗流的耦合数学模型。采用有限差分法对耦合模型进行数值求解,并分析了启动压力梯度对地下水污染浓度的影响。结果表明启动压力梯度对地下水污染浓度的分布有着重要的影响。     

基于Visual Modflow地下水污染物溶质运移的模拟

垃圾填埋场渗滤液向地下含水层的渗漏是地下水受到污染的一个重要因素,而地下水溶质运移模型是找出污染迁移规律、确定污染范围及污染物浓度分布的重要手段。为研究垃圾填埋场渗滤液对周边地下水的污染状况,本文基于地下水流动模型Visual Modflow和多组分溶质运移模型MT3DMS软件平台之上,通过建立的三维数学模型预测了研究区域未来30年内特征污染物Cl-的污染羽迁移范围。模拟分析结果表明:距污染源越近污染物浓度越高,主要危害沿地下水流动方向的远场地地表水和浅层地下水,深层地下水和污染源上游不受影响;污染物不易污染深层地下水,但是在深层地下水中的迁移速度最大;湖泊对溶质有持续捕获作用;在污染源周围开采地下水会影响溶质迁移速度和方向。上述结果为垃圾场防渗措施的选择和地下水的治理、修复提供了定量依据。     

尾矿氰化物渗漏对地下水污染的动力学模型

通过分析尾矿氰化物渗漏在土壤中迁移机制的基础上,建立了污染物运移过程的耦合动力学模型，模拟了不同时间内氰化物在包气带土层中浓度分布。数值模拟结果表明。氰化物渗漏对地下水污染将产生一定的影响，当降雨量增大时，污染物质可穿过包气带而污染地下水。同时，微生物降解作用对浓度在包气带土层分布也产生很大的影响，这对于定量化评价氰化物类污染物渗漏对地下水污染的潜在性影响提供了可靠的理论根据。     

建筑空间温度分布特性对交叉扩散水平的影响分析

基于不可逆热力学,分析了建筑室内热量、水蒸气组分和污染气体组分之间交叉扩散耦合特征,并给出了三者之间的交叉扩散传递关系以及温度分布对交叉扩散水平的影响关系,同时针对室内不同湿度和污染气体浓度水平,对温度分布影响下的交叉扩散特征与水平进行了具体讨论.结果表明,当温度梯度和热附加扩散系数正负相同时,交叉扩散作用所形成的水蒸气组分梯度和污染气体组分梯度小于零,反之则大于零;同时,在相同温度梯度和热附加扩散作用下,室内初始湿度和初始污染气体浓度水平越高,所形成的2种组分梯度的绝对值越大,并且初始湿度和初始污染气体浓度水平的影响都具有显著性.     

基于GMS应用的化工区地下水污染模拟与分析

 GMS是目前地下水数值计算的重要应用软件之一,运用GMS可以模拟地下水流分布和地下水污染物的迁移规律等。以化工厂区为例,经过地质模型概化、参数确定、调参等过程,预测污染物的浓度及污染范围。研究了该厂区渗滤液的扩散对下游抽水井的影响,建立了该厂区地下水流模型及溶质运移模型。结果表明,该区域地下水流向为自北向南,沿水流方向水位逐渐下降,水降幅度较为缓和,在下游抽水井附近形成地下水降落漏斗;污染物的浓度在持续增加,局部污染物浓度高达4.1mg/L,污染的范围也逐渐扩大,污染面积约为8.23×10⁵ m²,污染物向下游扩散长度约1084.64 m,在垂向上,厂区位置污染物已经扩散到第二层深水含水层。若不加以控制抽水量,会加剧污染物的扩散速度。     

建筑室内温度分布特性对交叉扩散水平的影响

基于不可逆热力学,分析了建筑室内热量、水蒸气组分和污染气体组分之间交叉扩散耦合特征,并给出了三者之间的交叉扩散传递关系以及温度分布对交叉扩散水平的影响关系,同时针对室内不同湿度和污染气体浓度水平,对温度分布影响下的交叉扩散特征与水平进行了具体讨论.结果表明,当温度梯度和热附加扩散系数正负相同时,交叉扩散作用所形成的水蒸气组分梯度和污染气体组分梯度小于零,反之则大于零;同时,在相同温度梯度和热附加扩散作用下,室内初始湿度和初始污染气体浓度水平越高,所形成的2种组分梯度的绝对值越大,并且初始湿度和初始污染气体浓度水平的影响都具有显著性.     

离子型稀土矿原地浸矿开采对地下水环境影响数值模拟

以某离子型稀土矿为例,通过对矿体赋存特征和采矿工艺的分析,建立数学模型,对浸矿液在地下水中运移规律进行模拟.根据模拟预测结果提出地下水污染防治措施,再对采取措施后地下水中污染物分布规律进行模拟.模拟结果表明:截渗措施能有效防止原地浸矿开采对地下水环境的污染.     

铬渣堆场渗滤液对地下水污染的数值仿真

针对铬渣堆场周边地下水严重污染问题,以辽宁锦州铬渣堆场为研究对象,基于渗流理论和溶质运移理论,建立铬渣渗滤液中Cr(Ⅵ)在地下水系统中运移的耦合动力学数学模型,通过动态土柱实验测定了渗透系数、水动力弥散系数、吸附分配系数和迟滞因子等模型参数,运用Visual modflow软件对采取防渗措施前20年和防渗后30年Cr(Ⅵ)在地下水系统中的迁移变化规律进行了数值仿真分析,并结合现场地下水监测数据进行了可靠性验证.结果表明:防渗前附近2 km村庄地下水都受到不同程度污染,防渗后污染物浓度的下降具有滞后性,体现对流和弥散作用是Cr(Ⅵ)在地下水中污染运移的主要作用,而吸附解吸作用同样不容忽视.数值模拟值与监测结果基本吻合,从而验证了模型的可靠性和实用性,为定量化研究铬渣堆场区域地下水污染提供可靠参考依据.     

基于Visual Modflow的重庆某工业园区地下水污染物运移模拟

【目的】预测重庆市江津区某工业园地下水污染情况,模拟主要污染物在地下水中的运移过程和分布特征。【方法】通过对研究区进行水文地质调查和查阅文献资料得到相关参数,利用Visual Modflow数值模拟软件建立地下水流概念模型,以化学需氧量(COD)和氨氮质量浓度做为污染物运移模拟研究的主要指标,对污水处理站发生泄漏后进入地下水中的主要污染物进行溶质运移模拟。【结果】在非正常状况下,污水处理站地下排污管道破裂导致废水持续下渗,污染羽沿水流方向扩散,COD和氨氮质量浓度在此过程中缓慢增加,第7300天时污染物影响范围和迁移距离达到最大,向东南方向迁移最远距离均达到808m。【结论】模拟结果显示第7300天时污染物影响范围已超出园区并进入长江,为防止污染物对当地生态环境造成威胁,需及时发现问题并采取控制措施。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that