泥鳅和大鳞副泥鳅性腺细胞H－Y抗原的检测

以雄性小鼠脾细胞为抗原，免疫Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ小鼠，获得了高滴度的抗Ｈ－Ｙ抗原抗体．在此基础上，利用细胞毒性实验，对泥鳅和大鳞副泥鳅的性腺细胞进行了Ｈ－Ｙ抗原的检测．结果表明，泥鳅中雌雄性腺细胞均含有Ｈ－Ｙ抗原；大鳞副泥鳅中，Ｈ－Ｙ抗原仅存在于雌性性腺细胞中，提示其为ＺＺ／ＺＷ型性别决定．     

泥鳅和大鳞副泥鳅酯酶同工酶的比较研究

采用不连续聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术分析了泥鳅和大鳞副泥鳅的性腺、脑、肾、肝和心脏五种组织的酯酶同工酶。结果表明 :在不同器官中酯酶同工酶存在明显的组织特异性 ;比较泥鳅和大鳞副泥鳅酯酶同工酶它们的酶谱相似外 ,在它们的各个相应组织之间也显示出差异 ,表明酯酶同工酶在泥鳅种内具有一定的差异。这对于探讨泥鳅不同种之间的亲缘关系将是一个很有用的手段。本文认为肝脏是研究泥鳅与大鳞副泥鳅种群生化遗传结果的理想材料     

大鳞副泥鳅性腺发生和分化的组织学研究

通过人工繁殖技术获得大鳞副泥鳅幼体,采用石蜡显微切片技术对幼体性腺发生、分化的组织学特征进行了系统观察.结果表明大鳞副泥鳅是在出膜后14 d出现了未分化性腺,卵巢分化始于25日龄,到45日龄分化完全;精巢则是分化于30日龄,于75日龄分化为I期精巢.卵巢分化早于精巢.从性腺分化开始,将要发育为卵巢的性腺还表现为体积快速增大,向体腔中间靠拢,横截面变宽,而将要发育为精巢的性腺则呈两端尖中间稍突的梭形,增生并不明显,这些特征可能与雌雄性腺的发育和生殖细胞的分化速度有关,可以作为大鳞副泥鳅性腺早期分化的形态特征.     

邵伯湖区泥鳅与大鳞副泥鳅肌肉营养组成分析

对江苏邵伯湖区的野生泥鳅（Misgurnus anguillicaudatus）和大鳞副泥鳅（Paramisgurnus dabryanus）肌肉中的常规营养成分、氨基酸含量和脂肪酸组成进行测定和比较分析,结果显示:两者肌肉中的水分含量无显著差异（P>0.05）,泥鳅肌肉中的粗蛋白质含量显著高于大鳞副泥鳅（P<0.05）,而粗脂肪含量显著低于大鳞副泥鳅（P<0.05）;泥鳅肌肉中的总氨基酸、必需氨基酸、半必需氨基酸、非必需氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸的含量均显著高于大鳞副泥鳅（P<0.05）;泥鳅肌肉中饱和脂肪酸比例显著低于大鳞副泥鳅（P<0.05）,而不饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸、长链多饱和脂肪酸、n-3系列多不饱和脂肪酸、n-6系列多不饱和脂肪酸、反式脂肪酸的含量,以及∑n-6/∑n-3比值均显著高于大鳞副泥鳅（P<0.05）。对肌肉蛋白质和脂肪品质进行评价,发现泥鳅比大鳞副泥鳅具有更高的营养价值。     

南四湖泥鳅与大鳞副泥鳅CO I基因序列分析

利用PCR-测序技术,对山东省南四湖的泥鳅与大鳞副泥鳅CO I(线粒体氧化酶)基因约900 bp的片段进行测序和分析。这些CO I基因片段的碱基平均含量AT为55.5%,GC为44.5%;序列同源性分析发现,泥鳅和大鳞副泥鳅种内平均遗传距离分别为0.012和0.001,都小于0.02,与其他鱼类的种间遗传距离都大于0.02。利用种间遗传距离构建系统树表明,泥鳅和大鳞副泥鳅样本各自成支,两支的关系比其他鱼种要近,这与形态学分类结果一致,说明该CO I基因序列可以作为DNA条形码用于物种的鉴定。     

两种乳化剂对大鳞副泥鳅（Paramisguruns dabryanu）胚胎、鱼苗和仔鱼的急性毒性

两种乳化剂对大鳞副泥鳅（Ｐａｒａｍｉｓｇｕｒｕｎｓｄａｂｒｙａｎｕ）胚胎、鱼苗和仔鱼的急性毒性尹伊伟，骆育敏，林秋奇（暨南大学水生生物研究所６１０６３２，广州）关键词：乳化剂；大群副泥鳅；急性毒性中日分类号：Ｘｙ）３．２通常使用的乳化剂均被认为对哺乳...     

两种乳化剂对大鳞副泥鳅胚胎,鱼苗的亚慢性毒性

参照瑞典制订的欧洲国家标准法的鱼类胚胎－鱼苗毒性测定技术,进行了农乳２２０１及吐温－８０两种常用乳化剂对大鳞副泥鳅胚胎－鱼苗阶段毒性实验。结果表明,鱼苗比鱼卵对这两种乳化剂更敏感,农乳２２０１对鱼苗的最低影响浓度（ＬＯＥＣ）为０．１４ｍｇ／Ｌ,最高无影响浓度（ＮＯＥＣ）为０．０７ｍｇ／Ｌ,而吐温－８０则分别为５０、２５ｍｇ／Ｌ。与由经验公式推算的结果相比较,差别比较大,尽管在鱼类毒性试验中通常要求     

苯、氯苯及酚、氯酚对大鳞副泥鳅（ParamisgurnusdabryanusSauvage）鱼苗的急性毒性效应

为扩充水生生物的毒性试验材料，用人工催产的方法在不同的季节获得大鳞副泥鳅鱼苗，并用苯、氯笨、酚、氯酚对其进行静止式急性毒性试验，４８小时苯，氯苯，１．３－二氯苯，１．４－二氯苯及六氮苯的ＬＣ＿（５０）值分别为１５６．７、１２．２７、４．９５及２．０７ｍｇ／Ｌ．酚、３－氯酚，２．４－二氯酚的毒性分别为３６．５、１４．２２．７８及０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ，与其它鱼类现有毒性试验资料比较，其敏感性基本相似，在全年中可代替其它鱼类进行急性毒性试验。     

饥饿和再投喂对两种泥鳅不同组织细胞转录活性的影响

以Ag-NORs为指标,研究了长时间饥饿和再投喂对泥鳅和大鳞副泥鳅肝、肾和脾组织细胞核转录活性的影响.把试验动物置于水族箱中,0~28 d不投喂任何食物;29~35 d恢复食物的投喂.分别于0、7、14、21、28、29、30和35 d取出5尾测定其肝、肾、脾组织细胞核中Ag-NORs颗粒数目变化.结果表明:在长时间饥饿情况下,Ag-NORs数目减少,表明泥鳅和大鳞副泥鳅的生理活动逐渐趋于减缓.恢复投喂后,三种组织中Ag-NORs数迅速恢复.第1 d,肝和肾组织中Ag-NORs数就恢复到与起始值相近的水平;在第2 d,Ag-NORs数目平均值大于起始值;在第7 d恢复正常.在脾组织中Ag-NORs数恢复较缓慢.     

离子液体[C12mim]Cl对大鳞副泥鳅的毒性效应

以离子液体1-十二烷基-3-甲基氯化咪唑([C12mim]Cl)为诱变剂,以大鳞副泥鳅为受试动物,采用急性毒性、遗传毒性及生理毒性试验,研究了离子液体[C12mim]Cl对水生生物的生物毒性作用.急性实验表明:[C12mim]Cl对大鳞副泥鳅有明显的毒性,其对大鳞副泥鳅24 h和48 h的LC50分别为45.83和36.82 mg·L-1,48 h的Sc为7.13 mg·L-1;微核实验表明:染毒后,随着时间和[C12mim]Cl浓度的增加,大鳞副泥鳅红细胞的微核率与对照组相比均显著升高;生化实验表明:超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT),在同一浓度不同时间的处理组中,两酶的活性是先降低后升高.在同一时间不同浓度的处理组中,两酶随处理浓度的升高,活性降低.[C12mim]Cl对大鳞副泥鳅具有显著的遗传毒性和生化毒性效应.     

PCR amplification of Sox genes inMisgurnus anguillicaudatus andParamisgurnus dabryanus (Cypriniforms; Cobitidae)

Using the primers which specially amplify the conservative motif of Human SRY gene, we studied the PCR amplification of Sox genes in genomic DNA of two species of mud loach:Misgurnus anguillicaudatus andParamisgurnus dabryanus. Four bands with the length of 200,550,940 and 1000 bp respectively, were presented in the PCR products ofMisgurnus anguillicaudatus. Three bands with the length of 200,550 and 900 bp were presented in that ofParamisgurnus dabryanus. Southern blotting results indicated that the 200 and 550 bp bands are specially positive. There is no difference between male and female individuals as well as between these two species. Chang zhongjie: Born in Nov. 1965, Ph. D. graduate student     

4种鱼中DFF基因的检测

根据人类DFF基因的DNA序列，设计了一对引物，通过PCR扩增得到了该基因的一个片断，经地高辛标记作为探针对4种鱼基因组DNA（经过限制酶消化）进行了Southern杂交检测，结果表明：在鲤鱼和鲫鱼中存在一个大小为3.7Kb杂交带，在泥鳅和大鳞副泥鳅中存在的杂交带为4.5Kb，明DFF基因在进化过程中具有保守性，本研究为鱼类DFF基因的克隆奠定了基础。     

除草剂"草甘膦"对泥鳅白细胞的影响

利用除草剂“草甘膦”作为药物染毒泥鳅，以泥鳅外周血中的白细胞数作为指标，研究了除草剂“草甘膦”对泥鳅的影响．结果显示：除草剂“草甘膦”对泥鳅具有一定的生理毒性，但不具有时间效应和剂量效应．     

两种缓冲系统对鱼类乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)同工酶分离效果的比较研究

采用pH8.3 Tris—Gly缓冲系统和pH8.4 EBT缓冲系统的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对大鳞副泥鳅和草鱼各组织的乳酸脱氢酶同工酶进行了分离比较,发现采用EBT缓冲系统分离效果较好,大鳞副泥鳅各组织可分离到10条酶带,草鱼各组织可分离到20多条酶带.     

Spermatogenic failure in male mice lacking H-Y antigen

The mammalian Y chromosome carries a factor that initiates male sexual development by directing the fetal gonads to form testes. Wachtel and his colleagues proposed that this testis-determining function of the Y is mediated by the male-specific cell-surface antigen H-Y, originally defined by skin grafting. This attractive hypothesis, which has been widely accepted, was based on the assumption that serological tests using antisera raised against male cells were recognizing H-Y antigen. Although disputed this assumption is supported by some recent studies. However, mice have been described which develop testes but lack the cell-surface H-Y antigen as defined by T-cell-mediated transplantation tests. Thus, although it remains possible that a serologically detected male-specific antigen is responsible for testis determination, it seems that H-Y, as originally defined, is not. We show here that H-Y negative male mice, in losing the genetic information that encodes H-Y, have also lost genetic information required for spermatogenesis. This result identifies a gene on the mouse Y, distinct from the testis-determining gene, which is necessary for spermatogenesis, and raises the intriguing possibility that the product of this 'spermatogenesis gene' is H-Y antigen.     

Abolition of specific immune response defect by immunization with dendritic cells

Murine cytotoxic T (Tc)-cell responses to various antigens are controlled by immune response (Ir) genes mapping in the major histocompatibility complex (H-2). The genes responsible are those encoding the class I and class II H-2 antigens. The H-2 I-Ab mutant mouse strain bm12 differs from its strain of origin, C57BL/6 (H-2b), only in three amino acids in the I-A beta bm12 class II H-2 molecule. As a consequence, female bm12 mice are Tc-cell nonresponders to the male antigen H-Y and do not reject H-Y disparate skin grafts. We now report that bm12 mice generate strong H-Y-specific Tc cells following priming in vivo and restimulation in vitro with male bm12 dendritic cells (DC). Female bm12 mice primed with male DC also reject male skin grafts. Furthermore, we demonstrate that only responder cell populations containing a mixture of L3T4+ (T-helper (Th) phenotype) and Lyt 2+ (Tc phenotype) T lymphocytes generate H-Y-specific Tc cells. These data imply an essential role for Th cells, activated by DC as antigen-presenting cells (APC), in changing H-Y-nonresponder bm12 mice into H-Y responders. Priming and restimulation with DC allows the triggering of a T-cell repertoire not demonstrable by the usual modes of immunization. This principle might be used to overcome other specific immune response defects.