A Systems Approach for Engaging Groups in Global Complexity: Capacity Building Through an Online Course

Sustainability is not simply about changing practices but more centrally about agreeing to change practices together. To achieve such an end, groups need to improve processes for making complex decisions together. An online course was designed and tested linking students in the United States and in Australia. Students engaged in a re-enactment of deliberations based on Hasan Ozbekhan’s “Predicament of Mankind,” which was constructed originally under assignment from the founders of the Club of Rome in 1970. This re-enactment included contemporary research for examples of a set of 49 continuous critical problems of mankind, asynchronous clarification of these problems using a wiki, pair-wise construction of a systems view of problems assessed to be of highest priority by the class, narrative analysis of the structure, and creative suggestions for resolving the systems problem based on resources available today. This report comments on the strengths and challenges identified in an initial application of an approach for building collaborative and systems thinking skills through an online course in a general education curriculum. Findings are particularly meaningful for contemporary policy makers as well as online educators.     

拼焊板母材性能参数与其板厚匹配关系研究

基于拼焊板平面应力状态本构关系方程及其综合强度比研究,从理论上分析了综合强度比随母材性能参数与其板厚匹配关系的变化规律。在验证拼焊板胀形有限元仿真模型可靠的基础上,对拼焊板极限胀形高度随母材性能参数与其板厚匹配关系的变化规律进行了仿真,并对不同匹配关系下拼焊板变形非均匀性情况进行了分析。研究结果发现：母材初始板厚与其性能参数的合理匹配能降低拼焊板综合强度比,减小其成形过程中的变形不均匀性,进而提高其冲压成形性能,为合理的拼焊板零件设计提供了一定的理论依据,为提高拼焊板制件的质量提供了有利的条件。     

A Fresh Look at The Systems Approach and an Agenda for Action: Peeking Through the Lens of Churchman's Aphorisms

This paper critically examines some important topics of systemic thinking to understand how our perception of problems can be enhanced and how the chances of deception can be mitigated while dealing with real-world problems. To achieve this objective, an attempt is first made to scrutinize some of the key issues of systemic thinking by looking through the lens of Churchman's aphorisms at: (1) the illusion of completeness and closure, (2) the meaning of holism, and (3) the concept of ‘Interbeing’. A preliminary ‘agenda for action’ is then laid out suggesting ways for increasing our perception and for minimizing the chances of being deceived in dealing with systems problems in practice.     

新装备备件消耗标准制定方法及软件系统

在系统总结实践经验和理论成果的基础上,提出了决策备件品种与数量的综合决策方法,即相似性方法,专家推理法和工程分析法;解决了备件保障决策中数据的来源问题。在此基础上,开发了新装备备件消耗标准的决策系统,实现了全部决策过程的计算机辅助决策。     

An Agent-based Adaptive Mechanism for Efficient Job Scheduling in Open and Large-scale Environments

Agent-based scheduling refers to applying intelligent agents to autonomously allocate resources to jobs.Decentralized agent-based scheduling approaches have ach...     

判断矩阵错误元素的识别和调整方法研究

本文提出一种新的切实可行的判断矩阵错误元素的识别和调整方法。运用该方法识别判断矩阵中的错误元素无需计算判断矩阵左主特征向量,并且采用不完全判断矩阵作为对判断矩阵错误元素的调整,避免了数值调整造成的困难和主观调整带来的盲目性。     

Oral and Written Reflection in Practice Management: An Action Research Approach

Reflection in Practice Management (PM) favoured the integrated approach where learners had to critically reflect on the study material, assessments and tasks throughout the year and to integrate their experiences in a meaningful manner that would demonstrate their development and learning over the year. Reflection in the form of portfolios focused on personal development and individual learning rather than on achieving a general set of course outcomes. But assessment of these portfolios revealed no real evidence of reflection or critical thinking. This study suggested that learners be assessed orally so that their reflections could come alive and so that the educator could learn from the assessment to restructure or re-curriculate where necessary. This study found that although the orals were not a preferred form of assessment, they contributed successfully to informing the written critical and reflective thinking in the portfolios. Using an action research approach, enabled us to not only address a fundamental problem that the educators and learners were battling with—how to encourage and indeed teach learners to think critically and to reflect, but it also showed the educators how to solve problems or seek solutions to didactic problems in their own classrooms. The recommendations in this paper may therefore inform courses other than PM that use reflective practice, critical thinking or portfolio assessments.     

An Empirical Analysis on the Relationship betweenExports and Economic Growth in China

1IntroductionThedebateontheroleofexportsintheeconomicgrowthofdevelopingcountrieshasshiftedaremarkablewayfromimportsubstitutiontowardsexport-ledgrowth(ELG)andincreasedopenness.Therehasbeenanumberofempiricalstudiesthathavedocumentedastrongandpositiverelationshipbetweenexportsandeconomicgrowth(see,forexample,Michaely,1977,Balassa,1985;Krueger,1990;Tyler,1981,ffem,1985;Chow,1987;Fosu,1990;KhanandSqib,1983;SinguptaandEspana,1994).Chinahasbeenpursuingeconoicreformandoper-doorpoliciessince1978,a…     

一种时域I、Q不平衡的校正方法

给出了一种时域I、Q不平衡的校正方法.该方法利用标准正弦测试信号,在时域内求解I、Q不平衡校正系数.校正系数的求解利用理想I、Q信号的两个性质,即在一个测试信号周期内,I、Q信号在L\+2空间上,范数相等,内积为零.与文献[1,2]方法相比,在求解校正系数时,无需对原始数据作离散傅立叶变换,大大减小了计算量.计算机模拟结果证明是有效的.最后,推导了I、Q校正残差与输入测试信号的信噪比关系.     

An Inverse Problem of an Unknown Source in a Heat Equation

ＡｎＩｎｖｅｒｓｅＰｒｏｂｌｅｍｏｆａｎＵｎｋｎｏｗｎＳｏｕｒｃｅｉｎａＨｅａｔＥｑｕａｔｉｏｎ⒇ＷＥＩＳｕｈｕａＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＣｏｍｐｕｔａｔｉｏｎａｌＭａｔｈｅｍａｔｉｃｓ,ＡｃａｄｅｍｉａＳｉｎｉｃａ,ＺＨＥＮＧＫｅｗａｎｇＨｅｂｅｉＳ...     

西安市环境与经济发展关系的EKC特征研究

选取西安市万元产值对应的“三废”排放量、人均“三废”排放量和人均GDP为指标,分别代表单位产值污染负荷、人均污染负荷和经济发展水平。运用Lotus统计软件,通过建立数学模型,得出了所选环境指标与经济指标之间关系的环境库兹涅茨曲线(EKC)。对西安市环境与经济发展间的关系进行探讨和研究,既分析了单位产值污染负荷与经济发展的关系,又分析了人均污染负荷与经济发展的关系,为协调环境和经济发展提供了新依据。图6,参11。     

电力消费与中国经济增长的关系分析

随着经济水平的提高，生产和生活对电力的依赖程度愈来愈大，电力工业的作用也愈加突出，电力工业成为国民经济的重要基础工业。电力消费与国民经济增长关系的研究，对我国经济、电力等政策的制定、电力建设提供了可靠的依据。为避免因果分析滞后阶数选取的随意性，运用Hsiao版的格兰杰因果关系检验，分析电力消费与经济增长之问的关系。在此研究基础上，结合预测方差分解技术，就以上变量问因果关系的强弱程度做了进一步的分析。     

地区间生态负担差异及补偿分摊方式

由于公益林经营目标的公益性,其经营的资金主要只能由非市场的方式给予补偿.财政资金是生态补偿的基本资金来源.由于地区之间自然和社会经济条件的差别,在生态补偿问题上将会存在严重的地区之间生态建设责任与利益的不平衡,需要建立地区之间的财政支付方式来平衡这种不公平状况,才有利于生态补偿制度的建立和完善.     

An Approach to the Fault Diagnosis and Testability in Analog Circuits at Module Level

ＡｎＡｐｐｒｏａｃｈｔｏｔｈｅＦａｕｌｔＤｉａｇｎｏｓｉｓａｎｄＴｅｓｔａｂｉｌｉｔｙｉｎＡｎａｌｏｇＣｉｒｃｕｉｔｓａｔＭｏｄｕｌｅＬｅｖｅｌＹａｎｇＪｉａｗｅｉ（ＢｅｉｊｉｎｇＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＲｅｍｏｔｅＳｅｎｓｉｎｇＥｑｕｉｐｍｅｎｔ，Ｂ...     

用自组织理论诠释高等教育的开放性原则

物理学理论告诉我们,孤立系统的自发过程总是从有序到无序,只有是开放系统,从外界引入负熵流,才能使系统从无序到有序,这就是自组织理论。这与当代高等教育的全面开放性原则是一脉相承的。着重从自组织理论出发谈高等教育只有在办学体制、课程体系和资源等方面全面开放,才可以引入负熵流,获得生机。     

Attributional Bias as a Source of Conflict Between Users and Analysts in an Information Systems Development Context—Hypotheses Development

One potential obstacle to effective information systems development involves the conflict between users and developers. It has been argued that information systems development personnel have different perceptions of what constitutes systems effectiveness than do users. System objectives are accomplished from the developer's viewpoint when a system has technical validity. System objectives are accomplished from the user's viewpoint when the system has organizational validity. Differences in the assessment of information systems project success are accentuated when users perceive the project as a failure. Attribution theory, a social psychology theory, is employed here to explain the source and outcome of such conflict. Also discussed are alternative ways of resolving those differences.     

How To Develop Visions: A Literature Review,and a Revised CHOICES Approach for an Uncertain World

This paper reviews the visioning literature along five key dimensions: analysis of an organization's current situation, assessment of the external environment, identification of desired future vision, connection of the future to the present state, and testing the vision. It then describes one particular participative visioning methodology, which has largely been used in the public sector, the CHOICES approach. The paper then analyzes the CHOICES approach along the five key dimensions identified earlier. Gaps in the approach are identified and a revised methodology is outlined. The paper ends with a summary of results from a pilot study which tested the revised methodology.     

Knowledge Management for Social Workers Involved in Disaster Planning and Response in Malaysia: An Action Research Approach

This paper explores the idea of using a knowledge management system to support disaster planning and response (DPR) efforts for social workers involved in such efforts in Malaysia. The study was funded by the Government of Malaysia. Canonical Action Research was used to conduct the study. The Malaysian Association of Social Workers (MASW) was the client organization. The study began with problem formulation to ascertain issues inherent in DPR within the MASW. The next phase of the research, involved action planning—the team considered implementing a web-based knowledge management (KM) system to support DPR efforts for the organization. Post intervention, we conducted an evaluation of our action, based on interviews with key members affiliated to the MASW. Our findings are in tandem with prior work that has examined the role and relevance of KM systems in light of DPR efforts. The client organization in general forms the view that KM systems can support DPR efforts by providing vital information (pertaining to DPR) and assist the overall coordination and planning efforts for the organization.     

1991-2003年间中国科技投入经济效果的实证分析

以国家统计局发布的1991-2003年度统计数据为基础，运用广义的Cobb-Douglas生产函数，对中国科技投入的经济效果进行了实证分析，结果表明：中国科技投入不但对当期的经济增长具有促进作用，而且还存在滞后效应；中国科技投入对经济增长的滞后期只有两年，科技投入短视行为明显；中国在增加科技投入的总量的同时，更要对科技投入的结构、科技资源的优化配置和使用效率给予足够的重视。     

椭圆与抛物线及双曲线位置关系的代数条件

在计算机动画、计算机图形学、计算机辅助设计、机器人等领域中，经常需要检测多个实体间的位置关系。我们基于广义特征多项式的方法，给出了判断平面上椭圆与抛物线，椭圆与双曲线所有位置关系（分离、外切、相交、内切、内含等）的代数条件。这些代数条件表示为由椭圆与抛物线，椭圆与双曲线确定的广义特征多项式的根的分布。判别方法简单实用。