陀螺经纬仪定向中灵敏部摆动中值的计算模型

针对逆转点法陀螺经纬仪定向中,陀螺灵敏部摆动周期振幅衰减和摆动过程中重心漂移的特性,利用间接平差原理建立灵敏部摆动中值计算的衰减模型和漂移模型.采用两种数学模型对多组逆转点观测数据计算陀螺灵敏部摆动中值及其中误差.结果表明:在多数情况下,采用衰减模型与现有舒勒公式的计算结果基本相同,计算值的中误差较小.在陀螺摆动状态不理想的情况下,采用漂移模型计算陀螺灵敏部摆动中值则具有较高的精度.     

煤矿井下陀螺定向的方法研究

本文结合葛亭煤矿陀螺定向的实践,研究了利用GAK-1型陀螺经纬仪采用跟踪逆转点法进行井下陀螺定向的方法,比较了不同摆幅情况下逆转点法观测的精度,研究结果表明：当陀螺的摆幅在3度之内时,观测精度才能较好地满足规范的要求。     

对称分划法陀螺经纬仪定向

对称分划法是一种计时观测方法,通过测定目镜分划板零刻线两侧的对称分划的穿过时间来求得陀螺方位角。对称分划法不需要读记灵敏部的摆动摆幅,不受初始定向的严格限制。即使灵敏部的摆动稍微超出目镜分划板范围,仍能进行定向观测,因此,在操作下放灵敏部时比较容易。另外,进行多个刻划测时,只需观测一个周期。这是节约观测时间、节约成本、提高效率的好方法。     

兼顾线性漂移影响的陀螺摆动平衡位置模型

在全面分析陀螺跟踪法定向计算模型的基础上,提出了兼顾线性漂移影响的陀螺摆动平衡位置的计算模型。对不同模型计算结果的比较,显示出本文提出的模型具有良好的抵抗系统性误差的能力。     

具有安装误差抵偿功能的光纤陀螺／全站仪组合定向方法

为实现在单个GPS控制点上直接完成角秒级的全站仪定向,提出了一种基于光纤陀螺的免安装误差标定全站仪定向方法.在该方法中,光纤陀螺与全站仪望远镜固连,利用全站仪望远镜带动光纤陀螺分别在水平面和竖直面精确旋转180°,到东向位置、东向抵偿位置、西向位置、西向抵偿位置做静态测量.在给出4个位置严密观测方程的基础上,利用4个位置的测量值,得到忽略安装误差影响情况下的全站仪横轴真方位角计算公式,实现光纤陀螺轴与全站仪横轴间的安装误差自动抵消.在充分考虑到工程实现可行性的情况下进行了仿真研究,结果表明:该方法在不利的情况下,给方位角带来的误差约为17",在指南针的辅助下可控制在10"以内,该精度能够满足日常测量工作需要.     

陀螺经纬仪在地理空间定向中的应用研究——以西安地铁工程为例

目的 研究陀螺经纬仪在地铁工程中空间定向的一些方法.方法 测量误差传递及陀螺地理空间定位理论,西安地铁二号线典型盾构区间为实验研究对象,分析引起误差的原因及探讨提高陀螺定向精度的措施.结果 在接收井附近测定仪器常数的陀螺定向边精度.优于在始发井附近测定仪器常数的定向精度和地下导线精度.结论 地理纬度对陀螺方位角的影响是不可忽视的因素;使用陀螺仪进行隧道空间定向时,地面已知边应选在接收井附近测定仪器常数;加测陀螺定向边是提高贯通精度的有效手段.     

矿井平面联系测量中的一井定向

竖井一井定向属于矿山平面联系测量中较为复杂且经常遇到的一项工作,其施测由投点、摆动观测、构建连接三角形、获取观测数据和进行内业数据处理等步骤组成。一井定向的重点是进行投点和作摆动观测,另外,在构建连接三角形时要注意点位之间要满足一定条件。     

加测陀螺定向边后井巷贯通工程精度预计

在井下导线测量中,为了控制导线边方向误差的积累,常采用陀螺经纬仪在井下导线的适当位置加测陀螺定向边,作为井下基本控制网的方位控制,这样可以在不提高导线施测精度的情况下,大大提高井下导线点的点位精度。本文介绍了一贯通工程加测陀螺定向边后一翼巷道的平面控制测量引起贯通相遇点在水平重要方向上的误差。     

陀螺定向和红外测距在大型贯通测量中的应用

张庄煤矿二水平东大巷贯通导线全长9500m，其中水平方向的长度约为7000m，且巷道拐弯多，测边短，对测量误差影响大；贯通相遇点位于双轨大巷中，精度要求高。为了保证贯通工程的顺利实施，采用了陀螺定向和红外测距导线相结合的方法，以陀螺定向边作为坚强边传递经纬仪导线；以甲乙两人独立测量的方法施测红外测距导线。贯通后，中线实际偏差为0.270m，实际的闭合差为23″，导线的相对精度为1／31 570，满足了工程的要求。在井下大巷贯通测量中，以陀螺定向边作为坚强边传递经纬仪导线是可行的，但加测的陀螺边的位置和数量要恰当；采用一个测量小组，两个主测交替进行独立观测，可以提高测量精度和工作效率。     

加测陀螺定向边后井巷贯通工程精度预计

在井下导线测量中，为了控制导线边方向误差的积累，常采用陀螺经纬仪在井下导线的适当位置加测陀螺定向边，作为井下基本控制网的方位控制，这样可以在不提高导线施测精度的情况下，大大提高井下导线点的点位精度。本文介绍了一贯通工程加测陀螺定向边后一翼巷道的平面控制测量引起贯通相遇点在水平重要方向上的误差。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.