具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

随物赋形气韵自然--论自然之美与艺术形象的塑造

随物赋形,气韵自然,是自然之美在塑造艺术形象方面的重要特征。自然之美的文学艺术品,在艺术形象上表现为随物赋形并突出地体现为强调“神似”、“传神”。艺术形象的自然之美,追求的是传神之美,追求的是传神自然,亦即气韵自然。     

79颗患牙采用bFGF胶原膜盖髓的临床观察

目的:探讨79例采用碱性生长因子(bFGF)的胶原蛋白膜盖髓的临床疗效,为临床寻找更有效的盖髓材料提供参考。方法:应用含有bFGF胶原蛋白膜对36颗因龋病和43颗因牙外伤而穿髓的患牙进行盖髓,分析其术后效果,同时与应用氢氧化钙对17颗因龋病和33颗因牙外伤而穿髓的患牙进行盖髓的疗效进行对比。结果:应用含bFGF胶原蛋白膜治疗外伤穿髓的盖髓效果优于氢氧化钙(P<0.05),应用含bFGF胶原蛋白膜治疗外伤穿髓的效果优于龋病治疗意外穿髓的效果(P<0.05),但含bFGF胶原蛋白膜与氢氧化钙比较,对龋病治疗意外穿髓的盖髓效果无显著性差别(P>0.05)。结论:含碱性生长因子的生物膜可以作为盖髓材料在临床应用。     

缺血性心脏病和扩张型心肌病患者心肺运动负荷研究

 缺血性心脏病是心力衰竭的常见病因,峰运动VO2已经广泛用于心力衰竭患者心脏储备能力的评估。本研究通过心肺运动试验（Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test,CPET）心脏储备指数、通气效能指数来评价缺血性心脏病和扩张型心肌病的心衰患者运动心肺储备功能变化。选择170例心力衰竭病人（包括100 例缺血性心脏病、70例扩张型心肌病患者）及75例正常人,进行症状限制性CPET。于运动前、运动高峰和运动后,分别测定心率和血压、峰氧耗量（Peak VO2）和VO2与预测最大VO2比例、无氧代谢阀、VE/VCO2斜率（通气效能指数）。结果显示,缺血性心脏病和扩张型心肌病患者左室射血分数相似,血压和静态心率无明显差异, 运动心率明显下降,峰氧摄取量、无氧阈值、VE/VCO2斜率与扩张型心肌病患者相比有显著差别（P＜0.05）,峰心率明显低于扩张性心肌病。但峰氧耗量/预测峰氧耗量比例无明显差别。45例病人运动心率未达到标准。研究表明,缺血性心脏病患者心肺运动负荷测定的运动高峰VO2、无氧阀值及VE/VCO2斜率提示缺血性心脏病患者运动时通气效能和运动耐力下降比扩张型心肌病患者更为显著。     

小儿肾病综合征患者血浆肾上腺髓质素的变化

目的:探讨小儿肾病综合征患者血浆肾上腺髓质素(ADM)变化。方法:检测31例小儿肾病综合征患者血浆ADM水平,并分析与临床指标的关系。结果:小儿肾病综合征患者血浆ADM与对照组比较有显著差异,血浆ADM水平与尿蛋白及尿钠的排泄水平呈显著正相关。结论:肾病综合征患儿血浆DAM显著升高,说明血浆ADM参与了患儿的病理、病理生理过程,血浆ADM水平与尿蛋白及尿钠的排泄水平呈显著正相关。     

64层螺旋CT在急性肺挫伤诊断中的应用价值

目的:探讨64层螺旋CT在急性肺挫伤诊断中的应用价值。方法:收集临床怀疑肺挫伤患者461例,所有患者于入院后1 h内行64层螺旋CT胸部平扫,判断有无肺挫伤。结果:诊断肺挫伤113例,双肺广泛性挫伤12例,右肺挫伤61例,左肺挫伤40例;肺不张22例;合并气胸33例,其中血气胸10例;肋骨骨折38例,锁骨骨折4例,肩胛骨骨折2例,胸椎骨折2例,胸骨骨折1例;皮下气肿87例,纵膈积气11例,纵膈血肿3例。结论:64层螺旋CT能有效诊断肺挫伤,尤其对影像学征象较隐蔽的病变更具优势。     

肝硬化患者血浆中PCT、内毒素及细胞间粘附分子-1的临床研究

目的对肝硬化患者与正常人血浆中PCT、内毒素及细胞间粘附分子．1等指标进行比较，探讨这些指标与肝硬化之间的关系．方法随机选取30位肝硬化患者及30位正常人的血浆进行PCT，ET及sICAM-1水平进行测定．结果与对照组相比，随着病情严重程度，肝硬化患者血浆PCT、内毒素、sICAM-1水平均显著增高＋结论肝硬化患者血浆水平与肝硬化患考的严重程度密切相关，它们在致肝组织病变持续加重过程中均具有重要作用．     

高吸水涤纶纤维的结构和染色性研究

将PET与共聚酯共混纺制中空共混纤维,经碱处理后形成多孔的高吸水涤纶。本文通过X—射线衍射仪,分光光度计,扫描电镜和热收缩仪等测试对高吸水涤纶纤维和共混纤维的结构和染色性进行了研究,目的在于探索高吸水涤纶染色机理。研究结果发现高吸水涤纶纤维与共混纤维相比较,不仅具有许多微孔,而且结晶度高,晶粒尺寸大,单位非晶体积大,非晶区结构紧密;高吸水涤纶的上染量与保水率呈指数关系。由此推论高吸水涤纶上染量高主要是由于纤维中微孔的吸附染料作用。     

血清C反应蛋白水平与急性脑梗死病情及预后的关系

目的探讨急性脑梗死患者血清C反应蛋白（CRP）水平的变化与病情严重程度及其预后的关系。方法分别测定大动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死患者（LAA组）78例、腔隙性脑梗死患者（LCI组）36例和健康体检者（对照组）40例血清CRP含量,并进行比较。按脑卒中患者临床神经功能缺损程度评分（NDS）标准对患者进行评分。结果LAA组CRP含量高于LCI组,LCI组高于对照组（P〈0．05）;IAA组中,CRP异常率高于LCI组（P〈0．05）,CRP异常的患者NDS评分的改善低于CRP正常组,且CRP异常者预后中无变化者高于正常对照组（P〈0．01）。结论CRP水平增高与脑梗死的发生和严重程度预后有密切关系。     

腹腔注射板蓝根多糖对中华鳖肝脏抗氧化酶活性和丙二醛含量的影响

研究了腹腔注射板蓝根多糖对中华鳖肝脏抗氧化性的影响。实验共分4组：每天注射1.5?mg/只组、3?mg/只组、6?mg/只组和注射生理盐水对照组,连续注射3?d。结果表明：3个板蓝根多糖处理组均能提高SOD、CAT、 GSH PX的活性,降低MDA的含量,但存在着差异。与对照组相比,3个处理组均能显著提高CAT的活性,而且随注射剂量的增多,活性增强。3?mg/只、6?mg/只剂量组能显著增加GSH PX活性,显著降低MDA含量,但3?mg/只?剂量组影响最大。而1.5、3?mg/只剂量组对SOD的影响不显著,6?mg/只剂量组影响最大而且差异极显著。提示板蓝根多糖能增强中华鳖肝脏的抗氧化性。     

同温度及曲率NaK-BASE管内Na+和K+迁移数值模拟

本文以NaK-AMTEC的BASE管内的Na+和K+迁移为研究对象,建立了NaK-BASE管显微结构的分形模型,采用微观Poisson-Nernst-Planck多离子运移模型模拟了Na+和K+在BASE管中的迁移,考察了不同温度下NaK BASE管内离子的迁移过程。研究结果表明,NaK-BASE管内的阳离子迁移浓度和表面电荷密度与BASE管的温度直接相关;温度的升高会使BASE管内阳离子浓度峰值有所减小,可通过增加BASE管曲率来提高该峰值。BASE管内的表面电荷密度随着温度的升高逐渐增大,且不同温度表面电荷密度之差随着曲率的增加逐渐增大。