TNF-α缺失小鼠前脂肪细胞成脂分化特征

分离培养肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)缺失与野生(WT)型小鼠前脂肪细胞,诱导其成脂分化,观察成脂相关蛋白的时序性变化,探讨TNF-α缺失小鼠前脂肪细胞成脂分化特征。结果表明,TNF-α缺失小鼠前脂肪细胞诱导后第14 d,油红O染色阳性细胞显著多于WT小鼠细胞(p<0.05);成脂分化过程中,脂联素与过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(PPARγ)表达水平逐渐上调,且TNF-α缺失小鼠前脂肪及成熟脂肪细胞表达量高于WT小鼠细胞。提示TNF-α缺失可上调前脂肪细胞分化过程中脂联素与PPARγ的表达,促进其成脂分化。     

内质网应激通过不依赖脂质从头合成的通路诱导非酒精性脂肪肝病

内质网应激对代谢状态失衡具有重要影响。近年来研究人员发现内质网应激可以诱导小鼠非酒精性脂肪肝病(NAFLD)的发生发展。但是内质网应激引发肝脏脂肪堆积的机制尚不完全清楚。二脂酰甘油酰基转移酶(DGAT1)是催化甘油三酯合成的关键酶之一，对肝脏脂质合成具有重要意义。在此前的研究中，尚未有人报道过DGAT1在内质网应激诱导NAFLD中的作用。在本研究中，我们通过给小鼠腹腔注射衣霉素，成功诱导了小鼠肝脏内质网应激，发现衣霉素处理的小鼠肝脏有更高的甘油三脂含量并出现较为明显的脂滴堆积。然而，转录水平的检测结果显示该应激并没有上调脂质从头合成关键基因在肝脏中的表达，反而是下调了这些基因的表达。进一步分析发现内质网应激导致小鼠肝脏游离脂肪酸含量显著升高，同时引起肝脏DGAT1表达上调，但并不影响DGAT2的表达。综上，我们的结果表明衣霉素诱导的内质网应激并非通过引发肝脏脂质的从头合成导致肝脏脂肪堆积，而是通过上调肝脏脂肪酸含量以及提高DGAT1的表达，从而促进甘油三酯的合成，导致肝脏脂滴堆积。     

FGF-2对大鼠心肌细胞保护作用的机制

目的:探讨碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(FGF-2)在内质网(ER)应激中对心肌的保护作用.方法:建立SD大鼠心肌细胞缺氧/复氧模型,使用衣霉素(TM)建立SD大鼠心肌细胞内质网应激模型.观察对照组与FGF-2及牛磺熊去氧胆酸(TUDCA)治疗组细胞凋亡情况,并使用乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)试剂盒检测各组心肌细胞活力.Western blot和实时荧光定量核酸扩增(q-RTPCR)检测各组内质网应激相关分子的表达.结果:缺氧/复氧可引起心肌细胞内质网应激增加,与缺氧/复氧组相比,FGF-2预处理组及TUDCA预处理组内质网应激减弱;FGF-2和TUDCA均能改善缺氧/复氧引起的心肌细胞凋亡及活力减弱;FGF-2能够抑制TM诱导的内质网应激;与TM处理组相比,FGF-2预处理组心肌细胞凋亡减弱,细胞活力改善.结论:缺氧/复氧及TM均可以通过内质网应激诱导心肌细胞损伤,而FGF-2可以通过抑制内质网应激而保护心肌细胞.     

不同季节中缅树鼩脂肪细胞的流式分析

为探究不同季节下中缅树鼩脂肪组织的变化情况,利用流式细胞术分别对春夏秋冬四季中缅树鼩白色脂肪细胞进行UCP1、CD137,对褐色脂肪细胞进行UCP1抗体标记研究。结果显示:中缅树鼩白色脂肪组织细胞群夏季UCP1、CD137阳性表达最低,分别为8.98%、4.42%,冬季达到最高,分别为60.91%、35.54%;褐色脂肪组织细胞群在夏季UCP1阳性表达为22.38%,冬季则高至83.78%。以上结果表明中缅树鼩在冬季,白色脂肪组织中UCP1及CD137阳性表达均增加,诱导白色脂肪组织"褐变",可能产生米色脂肪细胞;褐色脂肪组织UCP1阳性表达增加,表明其产热活性增强。     

黄芪多糖对脂肪细胞释放肿瘤坏死因子-α及白细胞介素-6的影响

目的:探讨黄芪多糖对脂肪细胞释放肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)的抑制作用及机制.方法由3T3-L1细胞诱导分化成熟的脂肪细胞随机分为实验组和对照组.实验组脂肪细胞以0.1g·L-1黄芪多糖培养基干预,对照组脂肪细胞普通培养基培养.ELISA法测两组脂肪细胞及培养基中TNF-α、IL-6蛋白的含量,及逆转录-聚合酶链反应检测两组脂肪细胞TNF-α蛋白和IL-6蛋白mRNA水平.结果实验组脂肪细胞及培养基中TNF-α、IL-6蛋白的含量低于对照组(P=0.000),而且实验组脂肪细胞TNF-α蛋白和IL-6蛋白mRNA水平低于对照组(P=0.000).结论:黄芪多糖可抑制脂肪细胞释放炎症细胞因子,控制脂肪组织的慢性炎症反应.     

脂肪因子Chemerin与运动

Chemerin是新近发现的一种由脂肪组织分泌的脂肪因子,可调节脂肪细胞的分化及代谢,并且在肥胖相关疾病中异常表达,在炎症和代谢性疾病之间具有双重作用,可能为肥胖与肥胖相关疾病之间提供一个桥梁.运动对肥胖及肥胖相关疾病可产生良好作用,是否对Chemerin产生影响研究较少.本文就Chemerin的结构特点、对肥胖相关疾病调节作用以及运动对Chemerin的影响进行论述.     

脂肪细胞因子chemerin的发现及其作用

研究表明,chemerin作为一种脂肪因子,在白色脂肪组织中高表达,在免疫应答、炎症反应、脂肪细胞分化成熟、脂质代谢等方面发挥作用。本文主要针对chemerin在脂肪细胞分化中的作用做一综述。     

苦瓜提取物对高脂肪喂食诱导的肥胖和胰岛抵抗C57BL/6j小鼠保护作用研究（英文）

通过高脂肪喂食诱导的C57BL/6j小鼠动物模型研究苦瓜提取物对肥胖和胰岛抵抗的保护作用。小鼠喂养2周后成功建立肥胖小鼠模型,随机分为正常对照组,肥胖小鼠模型组和不同浓度的苦瓜提取物灌胃组,灌胃质量分数分别为13.5、27和54 g/kg。以10周为期,每天以同等体积流质灌胃两次,其中,正常对照组和模型组用w=0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠灌胃,药物组用不同浓度的苦瓜提取物灌胃。记录小鼠每日食物摄入量和每周体质量。同时测定内脏白色脂肪组织质量、血清甘油三酯(TG)、胆固醇(CHO)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDLC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、血糖和胰岛素水平,最后根据HOMA法计算胰岛素抵抗指数,HE染色确定附睾白色脂肪组织的脂肪细胞是否肥大。结果显示,54 g/kg苦瓜提取物组对小鼠摄食无影响,但小鼠体质量、附睾和内脏白色脂肪组织总质量减少,该剂量的苦瓜提取物显著抑制被提升的血清TG、LDL-C、葡萄糖、胰岛素浓度和胰岛素抵抗指数;而27 g/kg苦瓜提取物则显著降低TG浓度;13.5、27和54 g/kg苦瓜提取物分别显著升高HDL-C水平;苦瓜提取物能剂量依赖性地减轻高脂饮食诱导的脂肪细胞肥大。     

黑枸杞花青素对C57BL/6小鼠血糖、血脂及脂肪细胞形态的影响

为研究黑枸杞花青素对小鼠血糖、血脂及脂肪细胞形态的影响,本试验将8周龄C57BL/6小鼠随机分为对照组、花青素组和吡格列酮组,灌胃给药8周后,对小鼠的体质量、肝脏系数、Lee's指数、血糖、血脂和脂肪细胞形态进行测定。结果表明:黑枸杞花青素能有效地降低小鼠体质量、肝脏系数及Lee's指数,改善血糖及胰岛素耐受,降低小鼠血清中总胆固醇、甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白的含量,提高血清中高密度脂蛋白含量,同时黑枸杞花青素能够减少小鼠腹股沟白色脂肪细胞中脂滴的大小。因此,通过分析可以得出黑枸杞花青素能够降低C57BL/6小鼠血糖、血脂水平,减少脂质积累。     

The mechanism of adipocyte differentiation and regulation of hematopoietic microenvironment

在人体生长发育与衰老过程中骨髓会逐渐由红骨髓转变成为黄骨髓,即骨髓脂肪化,其本质是骨髓中脂肪细胞增多.骨髓脂肪细胞对造血微环境具有负性调节作用,能抑制骨髓造血、抑制造血重建时造血干细胞在骨髓中的植入.深入研究骨髓脂肪化机制对促进某些疾病过程中造血恢复、提高造血干细胞移植效率具有一定意义.脂肪细胞的形成主要包括间充质干细胞向前体脂肪细胞的定向分化及其终末分化两个阶段.本文主要阐述细胞形态变化和细胞外基质通过WNT和RHO-family GTPase信号级联通路调节前体脂肪细胞的定向分化,成脂刺激因素通过PPARγ的表观遗传学途径诱导前体脂肪细胞的终末分化,以及PPARγ和C/EBP的相互作用维持脂肪细胞的基因表达.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with