热壁面位置对矩形腔内自然对流影响的数值分析

对矩形腔内冷热壁面位于侧壁不同相对位置时的自然对流换热问题进行了数值模拟.腔体左侧局部壁面维持恒定高温,右侧局部壁面维持恒定低温,左右侧壁的其它部分以及顶部和底部壁面绝热.按照冷热壁面的相对位置是否左右对称,通过改变Rayleigh数的大小,分析了不同工况下矩形腔内温度场、流场和热壁表面平均Nusselt数的变化,得到了Rayleigh数在103~106之间的结果.冷热壁面对称分布时,位于侧壁中部的换热作用最强;不对称分布时,热壁面位于侧壁中部、冷壁面位于侧壁上部的换热作用最强.     

半群OI(n,r)k的秩和相关秩

设自然数n≥3,OI_n^k是有限链[n]上的双边k型-保序严格部分一一变换半群.对任意的1≤k≤n-1,0≤r≤n-1,记OI_（n,r）^k={α∈OI_n^k：|im（α）|≤r}为半群OI_n^k的双边理想.通过对秩为r的元素和格林关系的分析,分别获得了半群OOI_（n,r）^k的极小生成集和秩.进一步确定了当0≤l≤r时,半群OI_（n,r）^k关于其理想OI_（n,l）^k的相关秩.     

多孔介质方腔内自然对流影响因素数值模拟

为研究封闭方腔内饱和多孔介质自然对流传热,采用控制体积法,运用多孔介质局部热平衡假设,整体求解方腔内的温度场和流场,根据计算结果着重分析瑞利数Ra和达西数Da对多孔介质方腔内自然对流换热特性的影响.计算结果表明:当Ra取定值,壁面平均努塞尔数Nu随Da数的增加而增大;当Da数取定值,壁面平均努塞尔数Nu随Ra的增加而增大;随着达西数Da数的增加,临界瑞利数Ra逐渐减小.     

Mn掺杂CuCrO2纳米粉体的室温铁磁性

利用固相反应与球磨相结合的方法,制备了(Cu_1-xMn_x)CrO₂ (0≤x≤6 at%) 和 Cu(Cr_1-yMn_y)O₂ (0≤y≤6 at%)两个系列的纳米粉体.结果表明,所有样品都具有3R-CuCrO₂铜铁矿单相结构.晶格膨胀说明Mn离子已分别固溶到(Cu_1-xMn_x)CrO₂的Cu亚晶格中和Cu(Cr_1-yMn_y)O₂的Cr亚晶格中,这在X射线光电子能谱的分析中得到了进一步的证实.B位Mn掺杂样品具有室温铁磁性,磁性源于Cr³⁺-Mn³⁺离子对间以空穴为媒介的双交换相互作用.CuMO₂(M=Cr,Mn)铜铁矿纳米粉体的饱和磁化强度比文献值高出约一个数量级,并随着Mn含量的增大而逐渐减小,主要受到3个因素的共同影响:M-M离子对数目、M-M离子间距及空穴浓度.     

等宽明渠交汇口壅水特性数值模拟

为研究不同交汇角度θ和流量比q对明渠交汇口壅水特性的影响规律,利用体积函数法(VOF)追踪自由表面,采用雷诺应力模型(RSM)封闭控制方程,建立明渠交汇水流三维数值仿真模型,对3种流量比和7种交汇角的21种组合工况进行模拟研究,对交汇口附近的三维壅水形态进行分析。结果表明:由于支流汇入的顶托作用,上游区域内水位壅高,交汇区域内出现水面跌落现象;同一流量比工况下,随着交汇角的增大,上游水位逐渐增大,下游水面跌落现象越来越剧烈;对所有工况的上下游最小水深比h^*_d和最大水深比h^*_m进行计算,发现在本文研究的流量比及交汇角变化范围内,上下游最小和最大水深比均随着交汇角的增大而增大,随着流量比的增加而减小。最后,对上下游水深比的变化范围进行分析,得出结论:同一流量比工况下,交汇角增大,交汇口附近水面变幅增大;同一交汇角度工况下,流量比增大,交汇口附近水面变幅减小。     

有体积热源的矩形空腔内层流自然对流的数值模拟

对具有内热源方腔的稳态层流耦合自然对流换热进行了三维的数值模拟,采用的模拟代码基于连续介质计算力学的开源库OpenFoam,解决了自然对流换热与固体传热的耦合问题.Ra数的变化从105到109.对外壁面为常温、方腔内充满含体积热源流体的自然对流计算结果表明,温度场、速度场与非耦合的工况有很大差异.     

方腔自然对流中力的尺度效应

为了澄清微尺度自然对流与宏观大尺度的联系和区别,用数值模拟的方法研究了不同尺度(瑞利数Ra=1～108)下方腔自然对流中惯性力与粘性力之比。结果表明:随着尺度减小,粘性力相对于惯性力作用越来越强,当尺度减小到一定程度(Ra<103),粘性力相对于惯性力绝对占优。在方腔自然对流中,正是惯性力和粘性力的尺度效应导致了不同尺度下换热关系式的不同。     

高瑞利数下封闭腔内自然对流的数值模拟

为了推广应用高瑞利数下的自然对流换热技术,有必要对自然对流流动与换热特性进行深入研究。采用不引入人工扰动的直接数值模拟方法,对发生在高宽比为4的封闭腔内的自然对流流动与换热进行了研究,分析了平均温度、平均主流速度、涡量和局部努塞尔数的分布特性。研究结果表明:从静止等温流体初始条件出发,不引入任何人工扰动自然对流可以顺利发展到湍流,节约了计算资源;即便瑞利数等于1010,自然对流的平均温度、平均主流速度、涡量和局部努赛尔数分布都具有边界层型流动和换热的特征;在普朗特数为0.71~500的范围,当封闭腔内自然对流换热出现湍流换热特征时,局部瑞利数处于107~108量级。     

扭曲椭圆管内超临界CO2冷却换热的数值模拟

为了提高CO₂热泵的传热性能,基于Fluent的数值模拟方法研究了不同质量流量下,扭距为100 mm及无扭曲状态下的水平椭圆管管内超临界CO₂冷却换热特性及二次流的变化规律,并针对竖直椭圆管引入局部换热系数和压降,研究了长短轴比b/a及扭距对扭曲管换热性能的影响。结果表明,低质量流量下扭曲椭圆管内浮升力明显大于椭圆管扭曲结构所产生的浮升力,对于低质量流量G<200 kg/(m²·s²)下的超临界CO₂流体,椭圆管具有更大强度的浮升力所造成的二次流,强化传热更明显;对于高质量流量G>200 kg/(m²·s²)下的超临界CO₂流体时,扭曲椭圆管具有更大强度自身结构所产生的周期性二次流来强化传热;管内的传热系数及压降随着扭曲程度及压扁程度的增大而增大。为扭曲椭圆管在CO₂热泵中的应用提供了重要的理论与数据支持。     

底部加热多孔介质内传热数值研究

为了研究底部加热多孔介质方腔内的自然对流传热,采用整体求解法对方腔内的温度场和流场进行了数值模拟计算,着重分析了瑞利数Ra对多孔介质方腔内自然对流换热特性的影响.计算结果表明:随着Ra数的逐渐增加,对流换热开始占主要作用,等温线变得扭曲;流线由逆时针单胞对流逐渐变化为正反两个双胞对流,流动出现分叉现象,温度场和流线相互对应.平均Nusselt也随之增大,换热效果得到增强.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-