小数分频锁相环的杂散分析

利用小数分频锁相环进行频率合成可以在不降低参考信号频率的前提下，提高输出信号频率分辨率，从而提高系统的频率转换速度。小数杂散是小数分频锁相频率合成中的主要问题，目前尚未见到对它进行的详细分析，详细分析了小数分频杂散产生的机理及它的影响，并提出了消除小数杂数的方法。     

小数分频频率合成技术浅析

本文主要介绍了小数分频(F-N)频率合成技术的原理,相位杂散的原因,采用数模转换的补偿方法,重点论述了比较新颖的基于∑-Δ调制的F-N频率合成技术,并指出了F-N频率合成技术的发展趋势.这种方法较好地提高了频率合成器的频率覆盖范围、频率分辨率,具有很纯的输出信号频谱,随着数字技术、混合信号以及集成电路(ASIC)的发展,逐步成为众多电子产品领域中不可缺少的一项技术.     

基于小数分频锁相技术的S频段信号源设计

基于小数分频锁相技术,采用片内集成VCO的锁相芯片ADF4350,设计了一种应用于射频收发机本振部分的S频段频率合成器。通过单片机的逻辑控制,该信号源可实现137.5~4 400MHz频率范围内任意步进频点的合成。实测结果表明,该S频段小数分频锁相环频率合成器具有优良的相位噪声和杂散抑制,以及较高频率分辨率。     

电荷泵对小数分频锁相环相位噪声的影响

与整数分频电荷泵锁相环不同,小数分频电荷泵锁相环中电荷泵对锁相环的性能有更大的影响,电荷泵的各种非理想因素将降低PLL输出相位噪声和杂散的性能.重点分析了电荷泵两种非理想因素对小数分频锁相环相位噪声和杂散的影响:非线性和电流失调.此外还分析了电荷泵电流源噪声对小数分频锁相环的影响,分析结果为优化电荷泵的电路设计提供理论依据.     

跳频锁相频率合成器研制

本文报告了研制一种快速跳频销相频率合成器的技术路线和结果。该合成器采用程控时分复用小数分频锁相技术，解决了快速跳频频率合成中的诸多固难。测试结果表明，该频率合成器可适用于快速跳频通信系统。     

一种应用于全数字锁相环的小数分频器设计

文章针对宽带全数字锁相环(All-Digital Phase-Locked Loop,ADPLL)架构的频率综合器设计了一种适合的宽分频范围的小数分频器.由于经典的宽分频范围的小数分频器结构在边界处会发生失效,文章在分析其他解决方案的同时,提出了利用可变延时单元进行固定相位校准的解决方法.本设计的可变分频比分频器分频比范围为32~127,输入频率为1.8~3.7GHz,面积为0.46mm×0.24mm.测试结果显示,本设计有效地解决了经典宽分频范围的小数分频器结构在边界处会发生失效的问题.     

一种采用微机控制的锁相伺服系统速度给定方法

本文根据小数分频的基本原理,提出一种新的采用微机控制的锁相伺服系统速度给定方法,从而在不降低鉴相频率的前提下提高了速度给定分辩率,並对小数分频产生的附加相移具有补偿作用。实验表明,本方案速度给定范围宽,分辩率高,线路简单,控制方便。     

小数分频技术及其实现

给出了一种小数分频技术的实现方法，并在实验的基础上进一步证实了小数分频的可行性．该法通过微机控制，分辨率可达1HZ．     

用于射频接收机的三阶多级Σ-△调制小数分频频率合成器的实现

基于TSMC 0.18 μm工艺实现了一款适用于射频收发机的全集成小数分频频率合成器. 设计中采用了三阶MASH结构Σ-Δ调制器以消除小数杂散,为节省芯片面积使用了环形振荡器,同时在电路设计中充分考虑了各种非理想因素以提高频谱纯净度和降低芯片功耗. 仿真结果表明,该频率合成器可以在900 MHz～1.4 GHz的频率范围内产生间隔为25 kHz的输出信号. 在1.2 GHz输出时,偏离载波频率1 MHz处的相位噪声可以达到-106 dBc/Hz, 锁定时间小于10 μs.      

基于高速锁相环路的现代频率合成中的小数分频技术

本文介绍小数分频锁相环路的工作原理和特性,以及抑制小数分频锁相环相位调制边带的方法,并对相位噪声进行了分析和讨论。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that