厌氧颗粒污泥流化床处理有机废水的运行特性

提出了厌氧颗粒污泥流化床工艺（简称ＡＧＳＦＢ）．在成功培养出颗粒污泥的基础上,以葡萄糖为基质,全面探讨了ＡＧＳＦＢ处理有机废水的运行效果、产气率、污泥表观产率系数及反应器的耐冲击性能等．结果表明,ＡＧＳＦＢ反应器具有很高的处理效率．水力停留时间ＨＲＴ为４９ｈ,进水化学需氧量ＣＯＤｃｒ＝３２４０ｇ／Ｌ,有机负荷为１５９ｋｇ／（ｍ３·ｄ）时,反应器的有机物去除率仍保持在７５６％以上．ＡＧＳＦＢ对温度降低、负荷提高、短期的低ｐＨ值和有机酸冲击均表现出良好的耐受能力     

用两种结合式厌氧发酵器处理酒精蒸馏废水的研究

在中温下,用125L的污泥床滤器(SBAF)和150L的结合式厌氧折流反应器(HABR)处理酒精蒸馏废水,最低水滞留期、最高COD负荷率、最高产气率、平均甲烷含量、氢分压分别为22h和35h,10.9kg_(CH_4-COD)/m~3·d和5.5kg_(CH_4-COD)/m~3·d,5.43m~3/m~3·d和3.06m~3/m~3·d,76％和74％,1.5×10~(-4)和4.0×10~(-4)atm.两者的COD去除率(根据负荷的高低)保持在78％～98％。SBAF运转稳定、高效,HABR能将甲烷八叠球菌存留于反应器内并能积累较多污泥。根据两种发酵器的运转过程和优势产甲烷茵的生理特性,可设计一种两步发酵器,使在不同阶段富集不同的乙酸裂解产甲烷菌,达到进一步提高处理效率的自的。     

两种处理酒精蒸馏废水的发酵器中优势菌的组成

作者用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察到,在处理酒精蒸馏废水的污泥床厌氧滤器(SBAF)和结合式厌氧折流反应器(HABR)的污泥中,优势菌是与甲烷丝菌(Methanothrix)、甲烷杆菌(Methanobacterium)、脱硫弧茵(Desulfovibrio)和甲烷八叠球菌(Methanosarcina)形态相类似的四种茵群。     

微生物及胞外多聚物在颗粒污泥形成中的作用

集中论述了升流式厌氧污泥床反应器中的微生物学特性，胞外多聚物的组成以及它们在生物膜和颗粒污泥形成中的作用。ＥＣＰ对颗粒的结构和稳定起重要作用，其含量占颗粒中悬浮性固体含量的０．６％－２０％〈主要成分为蛋白质和多糖。甲烷毛状菌属和甲烷八叠球菌属是最初颗粒化和颗粒污泥形成的重要分解乙酸产甲烷的细菌。     

垃圾填埋场渗沥液厌氧处理的研究

研究了两相厌氧消化系统和单相的上流式厌氧污泥床──生物滤床组合型系统（ＵＢＦ）在不同条件下处理垃圾填埋场渗沥液的运行特性，结果表明，两相厌氧消化用于处理本研究用的废水没有显著效果．采用单相ＵＢＦ系统，当温度为３５℃，水力停留时间为１２ｈ，ＣＯＤＣｒ容积负荷率为每天每立方米１０ｋｇ，每天每千克ＶＳＳ的ＣＯＤＣｒ污泥负荷率为０．５３ｋｇ时，ＣＯＤＣｒ去除率平均为的９４％，产气量４．７７Ｌ·Ｌ－１·ｄ－１．其中甲烷含量为７５．８％．     

EGSB反应器中颗粒污泥形态及微生物相解析

采用葡萄糖自配水研究了厌氧膨胀颗粒污泥床(EGSB)反应器运行过程中颗粒污泥的形态,微生物相及优势菌群的分布状况.结果表明,随着运行时间和有机负荷的提高,反应器中颗粒污泥的粒径逐渐增大,污泥床底部颗粒污泥的粒径大干上部的污泥粒径,呈明显的分层现象.在扫描电镜下观察颗粒污泥的微生物相,运行初期甲烷丝菌属为优势菌群;随着有机负荷的提高,甲烷丝菌逐渐减少,甲烷杆菌占优势;待反应器稳定运行后,菌群类型更加丰富多样,在甲烷杆菌和甲烷丝菌上附着有部分球菌,反刍产甲烷球菌等多种产甲烷菌混栖.不同高度颗粒污泥的形态和微生物相分布也表现出特有的规律性.     

以LSAR为载体的UAFB反应器运行动力学

以用造纸黑液制成的球形木质素树脂作为生物载体,在上流式厌氧流化床（ＵＡＦＢ）反应器装置中,进行了处理模拟高浓度酸化相出水的厌氧甲烷相流化床的运行实验．结果表明,当有机容积负荷小于６．０ｇ／（Ｌ·ｄ）时,基质ＣＯＤ去除率高于９０％;实验中得到生物负载量为０．０７４５;建立了ＵＡＦＢ反应器的动力学模型,测定了３５℃时的动力学参数．     

UASB＋AF反应器处理针织印染废水起动过程的研究

以生产性针织印染废水为基质，将七种高效脱色菌及紫色非硫光合细菌固定在活性污泥载体上，投加至ＵＡＳＢ＋ＡＦ反应器中，在常温下起动成功，培养出颗粒污泥。培养条件：水温２０～２３℃；ｐＨ值７．２～７．５；容积负荷０．５ｋｇ，ＣＯＤ／ｍ￣３．ｄ～５．０ｋｇ，ＣＯＤ／ｍ￣３．ｄ；水力停留时间（ＨＲＴ）由３１ｈ缩短至１０ｈ；色度去除率９０％以上，ＣＯＤ去除率７０％以上。     

UASB反应器处理低浓度有机废水的机理研究

研究了６．５ＬＵＡＳＢ反应器在常温下处理低浓度有机废水的启动、运行和基质降解动力学．研究表明：当污水水温大于１５℃时，运行２０ｄ后出现颗粒污泥，４６ｄ基本上完成反应器的启动．在水温为１５～２９℃下运行，水力停留时间在３～８．７ｈ，ＣＯＤ去除率可达７１．９％～８８．５％．对反应器建立基质降解动力学模型，在平均温度为１７．２℃，２２．３℃和２６．４℃下减速增长速度常数Ｋ２分别为１．８９×１０－３，２．４０×１０－３和２．７７×１０－３Ｌ／ｍｇＶＳＳ·ｄ．     

吸附-降解厌氧序批式反应器初期吸附特性的研究

在pH为6.8~7.2、温度(35±2)℃条件下,研究了吸附-降解厌氧序批式反应器(AB-ASBR)中颗粒污泥对有机物的吸附特性。在进水COD质量浓度为7 500 mg/L的条件下,通过对吸附期有机物和挥发性脂肪酸的监测,利用生物自身产生的生物气,分别采用不搅拌、间歇搅拌和连续搅拌的方式,在5 min内均可达到最大吸附量,连续搅拌可在进水结束即达到最佳吸附效果。闲置时间的长短也影响到颗粒污泥的吸附性能,实验结果表明3 h为最佳闲置时间。用扫描电子显微镜对反应器内生物相的观测显示,吸附柱内主要以甲烷八叠球菌为优势菌群。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has