中国南方汉族人群Clara细胞蛋白基因38A/G多态性和COPD易感性的关系

目的:研究C lara细胞蛋白(CC16)基因的38A/G多态性与中国南方汉族人群慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)的相关性。方法:在广州城区和韶关农村流行病学调查人群中经严格配对选取COPD患者与非COPD受试者共332例作为研究对象,采用聚合酶链反应-单链构象多态性(PCR-SSCP)方法,检测两组CC16的各种基因型和等位基因频率。结果:COPD与非COPD组CC16基因第1外显子第38位点的基因型频率和等位基因频率分布差异无显著性(AA基因型频率:17.5%vs 17.5%;GG基因型频率:34.9%vs 42.8%;AG基因型频率:47.6%vs 39.7%;等位基因A频率:41.3%vs 37.3%;等位基因G频率:58.7%vs 62.7%)。结论:CC16基因第1外显子38A/G多态性可能与我国南方汉族人群COPD的易感性无关。     

基质金属蛋白酶-9基因多态性与冠心病的关系

目的研究中国南方汉族人群基质金属蛋白酶-9（MMP-9）基因C1562T多态性与冠心病的关系。方法对经冠状动脉造影证实的急性冠状动脉综合征患者150例（ACS组）、稳定性心绞痛患者110例（SAP组）和同期冠状动脉造影阴性、排除冠心病诊断的患者70例（对照组）进行研究。采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）测定血浆MMP-9水平,采用多聚酶链反应-限制性内切酶片断长度多态性（PCR—RFLP）技术分析MMP-9基因中C1562T基因多态性。比较各组的基因型和等位基因频率。分析基因型与MMP-9水平的关系。结果ACS组血浆MMP-9水平（98．32±31．48）ug／L明显高于SAP组（73．42±18．47）ug/L（P〈0．05）和对照组（59．65±16．47）ug／L（P〈0．01）,而SAP组与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。ACS组MMP-9基因CT基因型频率（32．0％）、CT＋TT基因型频率（35．3％）以及T等位基因频率（19．3％）均高于对照组（8．6％、12．8％、8．6％）（P〈0．05）和SAP组（11．8％、16．3％、10．5％）（P〈0．01）,但SAP组与对照组之间各基因型频率和等位基因频率分布差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。C1562T位点CT／TT基因型患者血浆MMP-9水平显著高于CC基因型患者（P〈0．01）。结论MMP-9基因C1562T多态性可能与中国南方汉族人群ACS有关,1562T等位基因是动脉粥样硬化斑块不稳定性的易感基因。     

中国北方汉族人群PPAR6基因C／T多态研究

为研究中国汉族群体PPARδ基因C294T酶切位点的遗传多态性以及该位点的具体多态形式,采用PCR-RFLP技术对329例无血缘关系的健康中国北方汉族人的染色体进行检测．用卡方检验对所得等位基因频率、基因型频率进行分析,实验结果与其他种族进行比较．结果显示C294T位点存在多态性,等位基因频率rc=25．9％,rT=74．1％;基因型频率rc/c=6．1％,rc/T=39．8％,rT／T=54．1％;经卡方检验符合Hardy-Weinberg遗传平衡定律;认为中国汉族群体PPARδ基因C294T酶切位点也具有遗传多态性．其基因型频率和等位基因频率在男女间没有显著性差异,与德国人群有显著性差异;与瑞典人群相比有极显著差异,而与韩国人相比没有显著性差异．     

利用PCR—RFLP分析eNOS基因exon 7 BanⅡ酶？…

目的：探讨内皮型一氧化氮合酶基因多态性与妊高征的相关性。方法：应用ＰＣＲ－ＲＦＬＰ技术检测了１２例正常女性的内皮型一氧化氮合酶基因第７外显子。结果：发现１２例正常女性中有４例的基因型是ｅＮＯＳ／ＧＧ,有８例的基因型是ｅＮＯＳ／ＧＴ,未检测到ｅＮＯＳ／ＴＴ型的个体。等位基因Ａ１（ｅＮＯＳ／Ｇ）的频率为６６．７％,等位基因Ａ２（ｅＮＯＳ／Ｔ）的频率为３３．３％。结论：广东女性人群存在内皮型一氧化氮合酶     

血管紧张素Ⅰ转化酶多态性与内蒙古地区2型糖尿病及合并肾病的关系

为研究内蒙古地区汉族ACE基因第16内含子多态性与糖尿病及合并肾病的相关性.利用PCR技术检测内蒙古地区86例汉族对照组、2型糖尿病(type2 diabetec mellitus,T2DM)不伴有肾病患者(nephropathies,DN-)和T2DM合并肾病患者(DN+)的ACE基因第16内含子是否存在插入、缺失(I/D)多态性.结果表明.对照组与DN-组比较,I/D基因型和等位基因频率均没有统计学意义(P>0.05);对照组与DN+组比较,I/D基因型和等位基因频率均有统计学意义;DN+组的ACE基因DD型基因频率和等位基因D显著大于对照组和DN-组,有统计学意义(P<0.05),这表明在内蒙古地区2型糖尿病患者中存在AcE基因第16内含子插入/缺失多态,D等位基因的出现使DN发生的相对危险增加,与Ⅱ基因型相比,基因型为ID、DD的DM患者并发DN的可能性增加.     

RAD51基因135G/C单核苷酸多态性与男性不育的相关性研究

目的：研究RAD51基因135G／C单核苷酸多态性与男性不育的关系。方法：用PCR—RFLP技术，在255个正常生育男性和271例男性不育患者中，对RAD51基因135G／C单核苷酸多态位点的频率分布进行了分析。结果：在正常男性和男性不育患者组之间，RAD51基因135G／C的等位基因频率和基因型频率均无显著性差异（P值丝均大于0．05）。结论：RAD51基因135G／C单核苷酸多态性与男性不育的易感性不相关。     

β2-肾上腺素能受体基因Arg16/Gly多态性与新疆哈萨克族高血压的关系

目的 研究?2-肾上腺素能受体（?2-AR）基因Arg16/Gly多态性与新疆哈萨克族人群原发性高血压（EH）的关系。 方法 入选564例30～70岁的哈萨克族牧民。EH组347例、正常血压组217例。采用聚合酶链反应-限制性酶切片段多态性(PCR-RFLP)技术检测和分析该人群?2-AR基因Arg16/Gly多态性,观察各基因型和等位基因频率在该人群EH和正常血压组的分布。 结果 ?2-AR基因Arg16/Arg 、Arg16/Gly、 Gly16/Gly三种基因型频率在该人群EH组中分别为：32.6%、43.2 %、24.2%;在对照组中其相应频率分别为30.9%、47.0%、22.1%,两组间基因型频率和等位基因频率均无统计学差异。为排除年龄的影响,将该人群按年龄分为30岁～、40岁～、50岁～、60～70岁四个亚组,发现在30岁～39岁年轻人群亚组中EH组Gly16/Gly纯合型频率（33.3％）明显高于正常血压组（13.8％）,差异有统计学意义（P＝0.039）;进一步做χ2分割,将Arg16/Arg型及 Arg16/Gly型合并后,再进行两两比较,差异仍有统计学意义（P＝0.012）。其余三个亚组中不同基因型及等位基因频率在EH组和正常血压组的分布无显著性差异。结论：?2-AR基因Gly16/Gly纯合型可能是新疆哈萨克族40岁以下年轻人原发性高血压的易感基因。     

β2-肾上腺素能受体基因Arg16/Gly多态性与新疆哈萨克族男性甘油三酯水平的关系

研究β2-肾上腺素能受体(β2-AR)基因Arg16/Gly多态性与新疆哈萨克族人群原发性高血压(EH)的关系.入选564例(30～70)岁的哈萨克族牧民.EH组347例、正常血压组217例.采用聚合酶链反应-限制性酶切片段多态性(PCR-RFLP)技术检测和分析该人群β2-AR基因Arg16/Gly多态性,观察各基因型和等位基因频率在该人群EH和正常血压组的分布.β2-AR基因Arg16/Arg 、Arg16/Gly、 Gly16/Gly三种基因型频率在该人群EH组中分别为:32.6%、43.2 %、24.2%;在对照组中其相应频率分别为30.9%、47.0%、22.1%,两组间基因型频率和等位基因频率均无统计学差异.为排除年龄的影响,将该人群按年龄分为30岁～、40岁～、50岁～、(60～70)岁四个亚组,发现在30岁～39岁年轻人群亚组中EH组Gly16/Gly纯合型频率(33.3%)明显高于正常血压组(13.8%),差异有统计学意义(P＝0.039);进一步做χ2分割,将Arg16/Arg型及Arg16/Gly型合并后,再进行两两比较,差异仍有统计学意义(P＝0.012).其余三个亚组中不同基因型及等位基因频率在EH组和正常血压组的分布无显著性差异.β2-AR基因Gly16/Gly纯合型可能是新疆哈萨克族40岁以下年轻人原发性高血压的易感基因.     

利用PCR-RFLP分析eNOS基因exon7BanⅡ酶切位点的遗传多态性

目的:探讨内皮型一氧化氮合酶基因多态性与妊高征的相关性.方法:应用PCRRFLP技术检测了12例正常女性的内皮型一氧化氮合酶基因第7外显子.结果:发现12例正常女性中有4例的基因型是eNOS/GG,有8例的基因型是eNOS/GT,未检测到eNOS/TT型的个体.等位基因A1(eNOS/G)的频率为66.7%,等位基因A2(eNOS/T)的频率为33.3%.结论:广东女性人群存在内皮型一氧化氮合酶第7外显子BanⅡ酶切位点遗传多态性.     

Calpain 10基因与新疆维吾尔族2型糖尿病遗传易感性研究

研究Calpain 10基因单核苷酸多态性（SNP）43G-A和63C-T两个位点与新疆地区维吾尔族人群2型糖尿病（Type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM）之间的关系。采用1∶1病例——对照研究方法,以聚合酶链式反应——限制性内切酶长度多态性（PCR-RFLP）技术,对120例T2DM患者和120例正常对照者Calpain 10基因SNP43、SNP63多态性位点进行基因分型。SNP43多态性位点的基因型和等位基因频率在病例组和正常对照组中的分布存在差异,T2DM组中GG基因型和等位基因频率均低于对照组,但是A等位基因频率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.005）;SNP63多态性位点的基因型频率和等位基因频率在病例组和正常对照组中的分布无显著差异,（P〉0.005）。结果表明：（1）Calpain 10基因SNP43多态性位点与新疆地区维吾尔族人群T2DM有明显相关性;（2）SNP63多态性位点与新疆地区维吾尔族人群T2DM无明显相关性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that