鄂尔多斯盆地富县地区中生界热演化史探讨

目的对富县地区中生界热演化史进行探讨,为该区油气勘探及资源评价提供依据。方法统计测温资料和地化资料,采用古地温恢复法、声波时差剥蚀厚度法及盆地模拟法,恢复最大古地温梯度、烃源岩热演化史及生烃史。结果该区三叠纪进入快速沉降阶段,早侏罗世—早白垩世进入缓慢沉降阶段,早白垩世晚期以来进入后期抬升阶段,剥蚀厚度1 100～1 200 m。结论富县地区长7段烃源岩在中侏罗世174 Ma,进入低成熟阶段;早白垩世136 Ma,进入成熟阶段;早白垩世晚期96 Ma,埋深达到最大,Ro=0.85%,地温梯度为4.8℃/100 m;早白垩世晚期96 Ma以来,生烃作用减弱。富县地区长7烃源岩主生烃期为早白垩世。     

鄂尔多斯盆地延长探区下古生界热演化史

通过钻井和试气资料,统计了延长探区马家沟组现今地层温度.应用地化资料,对马家沟组烃源岩热演化程度进行了评价;应用多种古地温研究方法恢复该区最大古地温梯度;采用将今论古方法探讨了该区各个时期的古地温梯度.在剥蚀厚度恢复的基础上,详细配置各个地层的岩性、物性、地化参数等指标,恢复了该区埋藏沉降史和热演化史.沉降史模拟表明晚三叠世(217～207Ma)为该区沉降的主要发育时期.热演化史模拟表明:延长探区马家沟组烃源岩在晚三叠世末期进入成熟阶段,晚侏罗世进入高成熟阶段,早白垩世达到过成熟干气阶段.下古生界烃源岩主生烃期为晚侏罗—早白垩世.     

孔雀河地区热演化史与油气关系研究

目的对孔雀河地区各构造单元下古生界烃源岩热演化史进行研究。方法应用镜质体反射率（Ro）、矿物包裹体、EASY％Ro等方法。结果孔雀河地区古生代地温梯度大于中生代,新生代地温梯度最低,地温梯度演化历史呈现缓慢下降的特点;总结出3种类型烃源岩生烃类型：①古隆起区早期一次生烃型;②草湖凹陷持续生烃型;③孔雀河斜坡一次生烃过成熟演化型。结论古隆起区油气成藏关键时刻在中晚奥陶世,孔雀河斜坡为早海期,草湖凹陷具有持续成藏特征,以上认识对该地区下一步油气勘探具有重要的指导意义。     

塔东南民丰凹陷热演化史与油气关系

民丰凹陷位于塔里木盆地东南部,低程度的烃源岩热史研究制约着该区的油气资源评价和勘探。通过对研究区仅有的两口探井(民参1井、民参2井)进行热演化史模拟,探讨石炭系、侏罗系烃源岩热演化程度、过程及其与油气的关系。模拟结果表明:1受构造活动、火山活动等局部热事件影响,民丰凹陷C-P期古地温梯度为3.5℃/100m,中新生代古地温梯度为2.7~3.2℃/100m,高于盆地周缘其他地区;2民丰凹陷烃源岩在古近纪晚期—新近纪早期(41.3~21.7Ma)至中新世末期(7.0Ma)达到大量生烃条件,与新生代以来的快速沉降共同表明,民丰凹陷具有晚期成藏特征,钻井油气显示较差,可能与优质烃源岩规模小、生聚烃时间较短等因素有一定联系。     

伊宁凹陷古地温恢复与热演化史研究

应用包裹体测温和Easy-R.方法恢复了伊宁凹陷的古地温演化史,结果表明伊宁凹陷晚二叠世的地温梯度约为40℃/km,以后经过两次波动(分别对应于K1和E1两次构造运动)逐渐减小到现今的24℃/km.上二叠统烃源岩热演化程度主要受古地温控制,主生油期在中晚三叠世.印支期及其以前形成的圈闭,是二叠系油气聚集的主要场所.     

江汉盐湖盆地油气形成与运聚特征

为厘清陆相盐湖盆地油气形成和运聚特征，以江汉盆地潜江凹陷潜江组为研究对象，通过岩芯分析的古生物、地球化学测试数据等，恢复盐湖古环境，分析盐湖沉积特征，厘定烃源岩发育及其演化特征，探讨油气排烃及运聚特征。研究结果表明，盐湖干湿交替周期变化的古气候，造成了湖盆咸淡交替，形成了碎屑岩、碳酸盐岩、蒸发岩有规律地韵律沉积，沉积岩性为成分复杂的混积岩；盐湖优质烃源岩发育在咸淡转化期，盐湖烃源岩演化相对滞后，发育未熟低熟油演化阶段；特殊的盐湖沉积特征导致了烃源岩排烃效率低，形成了规模巨大的烃源岩油藏；油气主要沿侧向运移，常规砂岩油藏具有顺层、近源、砂控、源控的特点。陆相盐湖盆地的沉积、油气形成与运聚特征与海相或淡水湖盆具有明显差异性，在勘探中应当引起重视。     

渤海湾盆地中原地区古生界热演化史及生烃潜力

针对渤海湾盆地上古生界烃源岩多期叠加演化的特点,以中原地区为例,应用EASY%R0模拟等方法开展了上古生界热史恢复研究,研究表明,上古生界烃源岩经历了印支期均衡演化和燕山期、喜山期差异演化等多个生烃演化阶段.上古生界烃源岩演化史类型可以划分为回返-沉降增温型、阶梯沉降增温型、W型回返降温-沉降增温交替型、岩浆侵入型、V型回返降温型等五种类型,不同构造单元分别具有不同的烃源岩演化史类型、生烃潜力、生烃高峰期次,其中,回返-沉降增温型、阶梯沉降增温型的地区是古生界的有利生烃区.     

共和盆地下白垩系烃源岩评价

共和盆地下白垩系烃源岩分布在贵德坳陷,预测烃源岩面积1 500km2,平均厚度200m。在万秀剖面中,烃源岩主要分布在万二段和万三段下部,厚232m,烃源岩类型主要为滨浅湖相-深湖相黑色泥页岩和灰色泥岩,其有机质丰度达中-好生油岩标准,有机质类型主要为Ⅰ-Ⅱ型,实测镜质体反射率均大于0.7%,94.3%的样品热解峰温大于435℃,达到了有机质热演化的成熟至高成熟阶段,并且万二段优于万三段。研究表明,共和盆地白垩系烃源岩为一套好烃源岩,具有很高的生烃潜力。     

中国西北三大含油气盆地石炭系生烃潜力对比

从岩相古地理、烃源岩生烃潜力及油气成藏特征等角度,对准噶尔、塔里木和柴达木盆地石炭系生烃潜力进行了对比,认为三大盆地石炭系均为海相、海陆交互相沉积地层,烃源岩整体处于成熟—高成熟阶段,具有一定的生烃潜力,柴达木盆地石炭系烃源岩质量比准噶尔及塔里木盆地差。塔里木和柴达木盆地在烃源岩类型、生烃演化及油气成藏规律上有一定的相似性,烃源岩类型包括灰岩、泥岩、碳质泥岩,且均经历了二次生烃,具有混源油气等特征。借鉴准噶尔、塔里木2个盆地石炭系油气勘探的成功经验,柴达木盆地需加强寒武-奥陶、石炭系等古生界地层的整体勘探,岩体侵入对于烃源岩成熟度产生重要影响,古油藏、次生油气藏及混源油气藏共同构成以石炭系为油源的油气保存形式。     

鄂尔多斯盆地东南部奥陶系烃源岩评价

鄂尔多斯盆地东南部奥陶系地层烃源岩厚度大,类型多种多样,成熟度高,为了客观认识鄂尔多斯盆地东南部奥陶系地层烃源岩有机质丰度和生烃潜力,通过有机岩石学和有机地球化学相互结合综合分析的方法开展对鄂尔多斯盆地东南部地区奥陶系烃源岩评价研究。结果表明:鄂尔多斯盆地东南部奥陶系发育泥质烃源岩和碳酸盐岩烃源岩,其主要分布在南缘古坳陷和陕北古坳陷;烃源岩残余有机碳平均值0.30%~3.12%;有机质类型主要为Ⅰ-Ⅱ_1型;烃源岩热演化程度达到高成熟-过成熟阶段;奥陶系烃源岩在三叠系朱(T_3y末)进入生气高峰,至侏罗系末(J末)属持续埋藏生气阶段,从晚白垩世开始抬升隆起,生气强度逐渐降低。综合区域地质分析认为,渭北隆起北部与伊陕斜坡南部过渡带在晚古生代沉积后,奥陶系烃源岩埋深一般大于2500 m,生气时间长,有利于天然气形成,是有利的勘探目标区。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the