一维Fibonacci序列光子晶体高频带隙研究

利用时域有限差分法和传输矩阵法研究了Fibonacci序列一维准周期光子晶体的能带.结果表明:此种结构的光子晶体在高频范围存在带隙;进一步发现当构成薄膜系的两种材料厚度相等,且膜系的非周期性较强即膜系的级数较高时,光子晶体较容易出现高频带隙.     

铝基多元系准晶合金形成规律的研究

本文是关于铝基多元系准晶合金形成规律的研究．在研究中采用了著者提出的加和原则对多元系铝基准晶的形成规律进行了解析．结果表明，某些准晶态合金可以按一定成分范围相互加和，通过快速凝固和普通熔铸等方法制备新的多元系准晶合金，同样根据准晶的加和原则，可以从某些多元系准晶预测新的基本准晶．     

加食盐煅烧提高石灰活性的机理研究

采用扫描电子显微镜观察ＣａＯ晶体结构变化，电子探针测定其成分。发现了加食盐煅烧能够大幅度地提高石灰活性度的原因。这是因为被蒸发的ＮａＣｌ离子扩散渗入ＣａＯ晶体中，使其晶粒结构发生变化，以及晶粒间的气孔率增加，气孔长、宽增大的缘故。     

ZnO纳米晶体的同轴送氧激光制备及其特性

利用场发射扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪以及X射线能谱仪等试验方法对同轴送氧CO2连续激光制备的ZnO纳米晶体的形貌、组成成分以及相结构进行了分析．研究结果表明：同轴送氧激光辐射能够制备梅花状纳米晶体、四足晶体、纳米盘、纳米线等不同的纳米晶体；在不同的激光参数作用下，能够产生纯度很高的结构和性质相同的ZnO纳米晶体；并且ZnO纳米线阵列沿着金属锌板厚度生长，保持着自然的生长方向，有利于氧化锌晶体的提取，从而建立了一种制备ZnO纳米晶体的方法。     

准周期光子晶体的态密度

本文研究了准晶光子晶体的局域态密度和全态密度.结果表明,准晶光子晶体的局域态密度分布具有和准晶光子晶体完全相同的对称性,带隙内光子晶体中的态密度很小,不同的准晶光子晶体的局域态密度随介电材料的占空比的变化是不同的,这对构造准晶光子晶体是非常重要的.准晶光子晶体的全态密度所显示的带隙和透过率显示的带隙的一致性表明准晶光子晶体在某种程度上是各向同性的.     

多孔氧化镍纳米片的制备及其磁性能研究

采用水热合成法制备了大孔径和小孔径两种多孔氧化镍纳米片.采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、全自动比表面及孔隙度分析仪以及超导量子相干磁强计等对它们的形貌、晶体结构、比表面积以及磁性能进行了表征,并且探讨了这两种不同孔径氧化镍纳米片的形成机制.研究结果显示:这两种多孔NiO纳米片在55 K和300 K温度下都呈现类铁磁性,而小孔径NiO纳米片显示具有更高的饱和磁化强度,这可能是由于小孔径氧化镍纳米片拥有较大的开孔密度和比表面积,表面缺陷增多导致其表面自旋无序度增加,超反铁磁性效应更加显著.     

Mo、B对低合金高强钢组织和性能的影响

对两种不同成分的C-Mn-Mo系低合金高强钢(HSLA)进行拉伸和冲击试验,采用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察试验钢种的微观组织,分析Mo和B对HSLA钢组织和性能的影响.结果表明,通过控制钢种的成分和工艺,可得到具有高强度、高韧性匹配的C-Mn-Mo系HSLA钢,钢种具有贝氏体组织;在C-Mn-Mo系HSLA钢中,适当增加Mo和B的含量,可以明显提高钢种的强度,且不损害其塑韧性.     

加食盐燃烧提高石灰活性的机理研究

采用扫描电子显微镜（ＳＥＭ５０５）观察ＣａＯ晶体结构变化，电子探针测定其成分．发现了加食盐煅烧能够大幅度地提高石灰活性度的原因．这是因为被蒸发的ＮａＣｌ离子扩散渗入ＣａＯ晶体中，使其晶粒结构发生变化，以及晶粒间的气孔率增加，气孔长、定增大的缘故．     

Al-Cu-Fe-Pd-Mn和Al-Cr-Pd-Mn系准晶态合金的研究

研究了Al-Cu-Fe-Pd-Mn和Al-Cr-Pd-Mn两种多元系合金的准晶形成规律、准晶态合金的成分范围和准晶的热稳定性。研究结果表明,Al-Cu-Fe-Pd-Mn准晶态合金的成分范围基本上可按如下范围选择构成,Al:60～75(at％),Cu:0～20(at％),Fe:0～15(at％),Pd:0～20(at％),Mn:0～10(at％)。这类多元系准晶是一种热稳定性准晶。Al-Cr-Pd-Mn准晶态合金的成分范围可按如下范围选择构成,Al:65～85(at％),Cr:0～15(at％),Pd:0～20(at％),Mn:0～10(at％)。在Al-Cr-Pd-Mn多元系准晶中,当Cr含量较低时为热稳定性准晶;当Cr含量较高时为非热稳定性准晶。     

一维点阵的电子态

本文利用A、B构成序列有不同排列方式,模拟出晶体、孪晶、准晶和无序的一维结构。应用紧束缚模型,对各结构的电子态进行计算研究,系统地分析比较了各序列的电子能谱、态密度、局域度以及波函数图象,得出准晶体结构是一种新的结构,其电子态不同于晶体、孪晶及无序体的电子态等结论。     

Dodecagonal tiling in mesoporous silica

Recent advances in the fabrication of quasicrystals in soft matter systems have increased the length scales for quasicrystals into the mesoscale range (20 to 500 ?ngstr?ms). Thus far, dendritic liquid crystals, ABC-star polymers, colloids and inorganic nanoparticles have been reported to yield quasicrystals. These quasicrystals offer larger length scales than intermetallic quasicrystals (a few ?ngstr?ms), thus potentially leading to optical applications through the realization of a complete photonic bandgap induced via multiple scattering of light waves in virtually all directions. However, the materials remain far from structurally ideal, in contrast to their intermetallic counterparts, and fine control over the structure through a self-organization process has yet to be attained. Here we use the well-established self-assembly of surfactant micelles to produce a new class of mesoporous silicas, which exhibit 12-fold (dodecagonal) symmetry in both electron diffraction and morphology. Each particle reveals, in the 12-fold cross-section, an analogue of dodecagonal quasicrystals in the centre surrounded by 12 fans of crystalline domains in the peripheral part. The quasicrystallinity has been verified by selected-area electron diffraction and quantitative phason strain analyses on transmission electron microscope images obtained from the central region. We argue that the structure forms through a non-equilibrium growth process, wherein the competition between different micellar configurations has a central role in tuning the structure. A simple theoretical model successfully reproduces the observed features and thus establishes a link between the formation process and the resulting structure.     

Hall Effect in Quasicrystals

The relations between Hall effect and symmetry are discussed for all 2- and 3-dimensional quasicrystals with crystallographical|y forbidden symmetries. The results show that the numbers of independent components of the Hall coefficient (R11) are one for 3-dimensional quasicrystals, two for those 2-dimensional quasicrystals whose symmetry group is non-Abelian, and three for those 2-dimensional quasicrystals whose symmetry group is Abelian. respectively. The quasicrysta[s with the same number of independent components have the same form of the components of R11.     

平面准晶中的路径守恒积分及其应用

目的 建立平面准晶中能量型路径守恒积分及其对偶形式,并确定准晶裂纹体裂尖应力奇异性阶数。方法,建立对过程中利用了平面准晶弹性理论的基本控制方程和高斯定理。结果与结论 给出了平面准晶体在静态,动态和运动裂纹情形时的路径守恒积分及其对偶形式,给出了守恒性证明,得到准晶裂纹体裂尖应力具有－１／２奇异性,与解析结果相符。     

Experimental measurement of the photonic properties of icosahedral quasicrystals

Quasicrystalline structures may have optical bandgap properties-frequency ranges in which the propagation of light is forbidden-that make them well-suited to the scientific and technological applications for which photonic crystals are normally considered. Such quasicrystals can be constructed from two or more types of dielectric material arranged in a quasiperiodic pattern whose rotational symmetry is forbidden for periodic crystals (such as five-fold symmetry in the plane and icosahedral symmetry in three dimensions). Because quasicrystals have higher point group symmetry than ordinary crystals, their gap centre frequencies are closer and the gaps widths are more uniform-optimal conditions for forming a complete bandgap that is more closely spherically symmetric. Although previous studies have focused on one-dimensional and two-dimensional quasicrystals, where exact (one-dimensional) or approximate (two-dimensional) band structures can be calculated numerically, analogous calculations for the three-dimensional case are computationally challenging and have not yet been performed. Here we circumvent the computational problem by doing an experiment. Using stereolithography, we construct a photonic quasicrystal with centimetre-scale cells and perform microwave transmission measurements. We show that three-dimensional icosahedral quasicrystals exhibit sizeable stop gaps and, despite their quasiperiodicity, yield uncomplicated spectra that allow us to experimentally determine the faces of their effective Brillouin zones. Our studies confirm that they are excellent candidates for photonic bandgap materials.     

A study of quasicrystal structure factors by using quantitative CBED

The procedure of simulating convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED) pattern of quasicrystals by dynamical theory is described. The simulated patterns are generally coincide with the experimental patterns. The variations of intensity distribution in CBED pattern with the amplitude and phase of the structure factor of quasicrystal are calculated with dynamical theory. The sensitivity of intensity distribution to the structure factor is investigated. Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (59871034) Biography: Zhao Chun (1974-), female, Master candidate. Research direction: diffraction physics.     

原位插层聚合制备硅树脂/蒙脱土纳米复合材料

用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)做有机化处理剂,通过原位插层聚合法制备了甲基苯基硅树脂/有机蒙脱土(OMMT)纳米复合材料.采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)等手段研究了复合材料内部结构,同时测试了复合材料力学性能、耐高温性能及气液阻隔性能.研究结果表明:硅树脂的分子链插层进入了OMMT层间,完全破坏其重复片层结构,形成剥离型纳米复合材料;OMMT质量分数为8%时,复合材料在750℃下仅失重25%,且具有较好的气液阻隔性能;OMMT质量分数为6%时,复合材料拉伸强度为6.264 MPa,是纯硅树脂的5倍;OM-MT质量分数为4%时,压缩强度11.503 MPa,是纯硅树脂的4倍.     

Wave and defect dynamics in nonlinear photonic quasicrystals

Quasicrystals are unique structures with long-range order but no periodicity. Their properties have intrigued scientists ever since their discovery and initial theoretical analysis. The lack of periodicity excludes the possibility of describing quasicrystal structures with well-established analytical tools, including common notions like Brillouin zones and Bloch's theorem. New and unique features such as fractal-like band structures and 'phason' degrees of freedom are introduced. In general, it is very difficult to directly observe the evolution of electronic waves in solid-state atomic quasicrystals, or the dynamics of the structure itself. Here we use optical induction to create two-dimensional photonic quasicrystals, whose macroscopic nature allows us to explore wave transport phenomena. We demonstrate that light launched at different quasicrystal sites travels through the lattice in a way equivalent to quantum tunnelling of electrons in a quasiperiodic potential. At high intensity, lattice solitons are formed. Finally, we directly observe dislocation dynamics when crystal sites are allowed to interact with each other. Our experimental results apply not only to photonics, but also to other quasiperiodic systems such as matter waves in quasiperiodic traps, generic pattern-forming systems as in parametrically excited surface waves, liquid quasicrystals, and the more familiar atomic quasicrystals.     

CdS空心微球的制备及其在可见光催化合成低聚壳聚糖中的应用

以天然高分子壳聚糖为软模板,采用水热方法制备了纳米CdS空心微球,合成产物采用XRD,TEM,DRS等手段进行了表征.将合成的纳米CdS空心微球作为光催化剂,应用于可见光光催化制备低相对分子质量的壳聚糖的实验中.考察了光催化剂用量、壳聚糖浓度及反应气氛等因素对光催化氧化降解反应的影响,推测了CdS可见光催化制备低聚壳聚糖的机理.结果表明:可见光催化为低相对分子质量壳聚糖的可控制备提供了一条有效新途径.     

准晶体的电子比热

计算了10次准晶体Al-Cu-Co，Al-Cu-Li和二十面体准晶Al-Mn-Si在0～1180K温度范围的电子比热，发现这些准晶体的电子比热随温度增加近似线性地增加，但其比热曲线的陡度随费米能级附近的态密度变化而发生较大变化。当电子态密度在费米能级附近的值较大时，电子比热曲线的斜率较大。如：10次准晶Al-Cu-Co，当温度到达1000K时，电子比热为0．2209kB／atom，很明显，此时电子比热不能忽略，讨论了这些准晶体中电子的化学势与温度的关系，发现其化学势随温度增加而增加，这一点准晶体与晶体材料完全不同。