The fate of choline in the circulating plasma of the rat

Summary Labelled free choline injected into the peritoneum failed to enter the brain but preferentially entered the liver. Subsequently labelled phospholipid was found in the plasma with a concurrent increase in the brain. This labelled plasma injected by cardiac puncture caused a rapid incorporation of the choline labelled phospholipid into the brain.     

Blood volume and extracellular space (ECS) of the whole body and some organs of the rat

Summary Methods are described for estimation of blood volume and extracellular space (ECS) in the whole body and in some organs with⁵¹Cr,¹⁴C-thiocyanate and³H-inulin. A mean blood volume of 47 ml/kg, a thiocyanate space of 350 ml/kg and a inulin space of 288 ml/kg were determined in the rat. The corresponding values of organs are shown in figures 1–3.     

Adrenal weight in relation to duration of pregnancy in the indian desert hareLepus nigricollis dayanus blanford

Résumé La grossesse dans le lièvre,Lepus nigricollis dayanus Blanford, n'a pas d'influence directe sur le poid des glandes surrénales. Le poid surrénal n'augmente pas la grossesse.

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Thanks are due to the retired DirectorC. P. Bhimaya for his keen interest in the work and for providing facilities, and to Dr.P. K. Ghosh, Animal Physiologist, for suggestions.     

The relation between the bicarbonate concentration in blood plasma and in brain tissue

Zusammenfassung Die Frage des passiven Transportes von HCO ₃ ^– - und H⁺-Ionen zwischen Blutplasma und Gehirngewebe wurde untersucht. Die Blutkonzentration dieser Ionen wurde durch intraperitoneale Injektionen variiert und der Gesamt-CO₂-Gehalt des Gehirngewebes nach 1–12 h bestimmt. Es ergab sich keine signifikante Änderung im Gesamt-CO₂-Gehalt des Gewebes, obwohl der Standardbikarbonatgehalt des Blutes mit 10–13 mE/l verändert wurde.     

Variation in the toxicity of various silicas in relation to the duration of presence in the body]

The toxic effect of two forms of sand on the lung was investigated by tracheal injection in Rats. After a latent period with low toxicity, more and more extensive pulmonary lesions, comparable to typical silicotic lesions, appear progressively. On the basis of some observations, the hypothesis is put forward that the impurities present in the dust have a retardative effect.     

Decreased number of asialoglycoprotein receptors in diabetic BB Wistar rat

The binding of asialoglycoproteins by hepatic binding protein was studied in freshly isolated hepatocytes from genetically diabetic BB Wistar rats. The number of cell surface asialoglycoprotein receptors was dramatically decreased (58,000 +/- 38,000 for diabetic rats compared to 267,000 +/- 70,000 for normal rats), while the association equilibrium constant was not changed. These results parallel those obtained with streptozotocin-diabetic rats and support the hypothesis that insulin deprivation is responsible for the decrease in the receptor number.     

Decreased number of asialoglycoprotein receptors in diabetic BB Wistar rat

Summary The binding of asialoglycoproteins by hepatic binding protein was studied in freshly isolated hepatocytes from genetically diabetic BB Wistar rats. The number of cell surface asialoglycoprotein receptors was dramatically decreased (58,000±38,000 for diabetic rats compared to 267,000±70,000 for normal rats), while the association equilibrium constant was not changed. These results parallel those obtained with streptozotocin-diabetic rats and support the hypothesis that insulin deprivation is responsible for the decrease in the receptor number.     

The fate of choline in the circulating plasma of the rat.

Labelled free choline injected into the peritoneum failed to enter the brain but preferentially entered the liver. Subsequently labelled phospholipid was found in the plasma with a concurrent increase in the brain. This labelled plasma injected by cardiac puncture caused a rapid incorporation of the choline labelled phospholipid into the brain.     

The effect of salicylates on plasma fibrinolytic activity in the rat

Zusammenfassung Zufuhr von Kalium-Salicylat und Acetylsalicylsäure führte bei der Ratte zu einer Verminderung der Plasma-Antiplasmin-Aktivität (100 mg und 150 mg/kg). Somit erhöhen Salicylate in höheren Dosen die fibrinolytische Tätigkeit.

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Acknowledgement. This study was carried out during the tenure (by J. C. R.) of a British Council-Sierra Leone Government Scholarship.     

The transport capacity for bilirubin in rat liver and its relation to bile flow

Résumé La capacité de transport de la bilirubine dans le foie de rat a été mesurée par différents auteurs. Dans nos expériments leT _m était variable selon les conditions expérimentales. En stabilisant la température à 38 C pendant les 10 h qui suivent l'opération, le T_m s'avère 50% plus élevé que les valeurs données dans la littérature. En plus la valeur du T_m était étroitement correlée au débit biliaire.     

The influence of different nutrients on plasma cholecystokinin levels in the rat

Summary Isocaloric and isovolemic amounts of protein (casein), fat (intralipid) and carbohydrate (saccharose) and an isovolemic control solution of water were administered intragastrically to conscious rats. The plasma CCK levels, determined by a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay, showed an increment of 6.3±0.6, 2.7±0.5, 1.7±0.4 and –0.9±0.4 pM, respectively (basal value 2.5±0.3 pM). The threshold increment of plasma CCK to stimulate pancreatic enzyme secretion by exogenous CCK was found to be 1.5 pM. It is therefore concluded that casein is a potent stimulus for CCK secretion and pancreatic secretion, but that fat and even carbohydrate, although less potent, also produce a CCK increment above the threshold for pancreatic secretion.Supported by Grant IKW 86-16 from the Netherlands Cancer Foundation KWF.     

The influence of different nutrients on plasma cholecystokinin levels in the rat

Isocaloric and isovolemic amounts of protein (casein), fat (intralipid) and carbohydrate (saccharose) and an isovolemic control solution of water were administered intragastrically to conscious rats. The plasma CCK levels, determined by a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay, showed an increment of 6.3 +/- 0.6, 2.7 +/- 0.5, 1.7 +/- 0.4 and -0.9 +/- 0.4 pM, respectively (basal value 2.5 +/- 0.3 pM). The threshold increment of plasma CCK to stimulate pancreatic enzyme secretion by exogenous CCK was found to be 1.5 pM. It is therefore concluded that casein is a potent stimulus for CCK secretion and pancreatic secretion, but that fat and even carbohydrate, although less potent, also produce a CCK increment above the threshold for pancreatic secretion.     

Determination of plasma volume in the mouse with screened iodine-labelled proteins

Résumé Une épuration biologique préalable («screening») des protéines marquées est indispensable pour la mesure du volume plasmatique chez la souris. La diffusion extravasculaire rapide de l'albumine gêne fortement les déterminations. Au contraire, le fibrinogène donne des résultats exacts et reproductibles.

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This work was supported by grants from the Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique.     

Correlation of song frequency and body weight in passerine birds

Summary Frequency analysis of the songs of 90 European passerine species shown a correlation with body weight. In a number of species a dependence on habitat was found.     

The relation between electrical self-stimulation sites and catecholamine-containing neurones in the rat mesencephalon

Résumé 72 électrodes implantées dans les mésencéphales des rats ont été examinées pour le comportement d'autostimulation. La majorité des sites positifs entourait le noyau interpédonculaire où se situent des neurones dopaminiques.

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Supported in part by grants from the U.K. Medical Research Council and the Mental Health Research Fund.     

Growth and longevity of Wistar rats receiving a diet whose protein content is rapidly lowered in relation to aging]

Growth and longevity of the Rats were the same when: (i) the diet was rich in casein (21%), from weaning to death: (ii) the casein content of this diet (without B12) was progressively lowered from weaning to 200 days of age, and thereafter was 7%. When the casein level had been too rapidly lowered, inducing retardation of growth after 75 days, maximal growth was lowered and life span was increased.     

The acetylcholinesterase reaction and catecholamine fluorescence in the glomus cells of rat carotid body

Summary The presence of both acetylcholinesterase reaction and glyoxylic acid-induced fluorescence of catecholamines in the same glomus cells of rat carotid body was demonstrated using combined histochemical methods. A suggestion is made that the glomus cells have both excitatory and inhibitory effects on the chemosensory nerve via acetylcholine and catecholamines, respectively.Acknowledgments. The present study was supported by grants from the Emil Aaltonen Foundation and the Finnish Cancer Foundation to Timo Waris.     

Measurement of the biliary tree volume in the rat under Tm-conditions

Summary Biliary tree capacities determined under Tm-conditions using³⁵S-sulfobromophthalein sodium,^35S-sulfobromophthalein glutathione, and¹⁴C-taurocholate sodium as markers exceeded markedly the biliary volumes reported until now. This may have been caused at least partly by a more homogenous distribution of the marker substance throughout the liver parenchyma in contrast to simple bolus injection studies.