Multiferroic and magnetoelectric properties of La0.1Ba0.9Fe12O19 ceramics

La0.1Ba0.9Fe12O19 powders with similar hexagonal crystal structure to Ba Fe12O19 have been successfully synthesized using polymer precursor method. The powders were suppressed into pellets, which were sintered into ceramics at 1,300 °C for 1 h. The structure and morphology of the ceramics have been determined by X-ray diffraction（XRD） and field emission scanning electron microscopy（FESEM）. Clear electric hysteresis loops upon different amplitude of external fields indicates that La0.1Ba0.9Fe12O19 is a kind of possible ferroelectric compound. The maximum remnant polarization of La0.1Ba0.9Fe12O19 ceramic is estimated to be ＊9.6 l C/cm2. The Fe O6 octahedron in its perovskite-like hexagonal unit cell as well as the shift of Fe3？off the center of octahedron are proposed to be the origin of electric polarization in La0.1Ba0.9Fe12O19. Simultaneous occurrence of large ferroelectricity and strong ferromagnetism has been observed in La0.1Ba0.9Fe12O19 ceramics. More interestingly, this compound demonstrates electronic polarization behavior being actuated by an applied magnetic field, indicating the existence of magnetoelectric（ME） coupling effect in the La0.1Ba0.9Fe12O19 ceramics. Our results may lead to new device applications such as magnetically recorded ferroelectric memory.     

固相反应合成钙钛矿型氧化物Ba_(1.0)Co_(0.7)Fe_(0.2)Nb_(0.1)O_(3-δ)的机理

以BaCO3、Co3O4、Fe2O3和Nb2O5粉末为原料,通过固相反应合成了钙钛矿型复合氧化物Ba1.0Co0.7Fe0.2Nb0.1O3-δ.利用XRD、SEM和TGA-DSC同步热分析仪等研究了合成该材料的反应过程.结果发现,在固相反应法合成Ba1.0Co0.7Fe0.2-Nb0.1O3-δ的过程中,首先出现的是BaCoO3、BaFeO2.9相和Ba5Nb4O15相,在1 473 K烧结10 h能够得到立方钙钛矿相的Ba1.0-Co0.7Fe0.2Nb0.1O3-δ.通过分析,整个反应过程分为两个阶段:第一阶段为BaCO3和Co3O4、Fe2O3、Nb2O5之间的加成反应;第二阶段为加成反应生成的BaCoO3、BaFeO2.9和Ba5Nb4O15三相之间逐渐固溶生成均相Ba1.0Co0.7Fe0.2Nb0.1O3-δ,此过程伴随有氧的脱出.     

SrFe_(12)O_(19)/聚丙烯酸酯复合膜的制备及其电磁参量研究

以聚丙烯酸酯为基体,用不同质量百分比的锶铁氧体(SrFe12O19)粉末为吸收剂,用乳液共混法制备了一系列SrFe12O19/聚丙烯酸酯复合膜.用场发射扫描电镜(SEM)和X-射线衍射仪(XRD)对SrFe12O19粉末的形貌及结构进行了表征,对该复合膜的拉伸—应变进行了测试,研究了SrFe12O19粉体含量对复合膜的电磁性能的影响.结果表明:SrFe12O19/聚丙烯酸酯复合膜的割线模量随着SrFe12O19含量的增加而显著增加;断裂伸长率随SrFe12O19含量的增加而减少,并且,当SrFe12O19含量超过70%时出现了屈服应力.在1~2 000 kHz频段内,该复合膜的复介电常数和复磁导率随SrFe12O19在聚丙烯酸酯基体中含量的增加先增大后减小,当SrFe12O19填充量为70%时达到最大值,该现象与逾渗理论相符合.     

ICP-MS法测定黔产枳椇果梗、枳椇子中22种金属元素

建立微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法同时分析枳椇果梗、枳椇子中Be、Mg、Al、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Sr、Mo、Ag、Cd、Sn、Sb、Ba、Tl、Pb等22种元素的含量。样品经微波消解后,利用ICP-MS测定上述22种元素,通过标准曲线计算其含量。实验结果表明,22种元素在其线性范围内线性关系良好,r值0.995;检出限为0.0007～1.0713μg/L;重复性的相对标准偏差(RSD)3%;精密度的相对标准偏差(RSD)7%;回收率为81.14%～112.91%。该方法灵敏度高,重复性好,分析速度快,适用于枳椇果梗、枳椇子中22种元素的含量测定。     

B~(3+)对掺杂Tb~(3+)/Eu~(2+)的BaAl_(12)O_(19)荧光材料发光性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了BaAl12O19:Tb和BaAl12O19:Eu荧光粉.研究了添加B3+离子对两种荧光粉晶体结构和发光特性的影响.研究结果表明:添加B3+离子并未改变两种荧光粉的BaAl12O19结构.B3+离子引入后两种荧光粉的发光强度都有所提高,但对于BaAl12O19:Tb发光强度的提高作用更大,而且在其中添加的B3+的有效含量明显大于BaAl12O19:Eu.BaAl12O19:Tb荧光粉中B3+的最佳添加量(摩尔分数)为50%,BaAl12O19:Eu荧光粉中B3+的最佳添加量(摩尔分数)为20%.     

BaCo_(0.7)Fe_(0.2)Nb_(0.1)O_(3-δ)钙钛矿型混合导体透氧膜的性能

混合导体固体透氧膜与POM制氢工艺相耦合,可以较大幅度地降低制氢成本.由于透氧膜在高温、强还原性气氛下工作,仅仅具有较高的透氧能力并不能满足实际应用需求,还必须具有较高的化学稳定性.通过O2-TPD,CO2-TG及透氧实验研究了两种透氧能力最高的膜材料BaCo0.7Fe0.2Nb0.1O3-δ及Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ.研究发现,由于Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ钙钛矿中A位的Sr2+被Ba2+取代及B位的Co4+部分被Nb5+取代,有效地提高了BaCo0.7Fe0.2Nb0.1O3-δ钙钛矿材料的化学稳定性.     

ICP-AES测定锰矿中的微量元素

用酸消解对矿石样品进行预处理,用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法一次测定锰矿石中的Co、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn和Ba等6种痕量元素。采用干扰系数校正法消除共存元素对被干扰元素的影响后对锰矿石标准物进行分析,方法的相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.3%~2.5%,精密性良好,通过对待测样品的分析,样品中6种待测元素的相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.95%~4.31%,对待测元素Co和Pb的回收实验表明加标回收率为97.5%~103%,该方法分析速度快,工作量小,分析精度高,能满足锰矿石中痕量元素的分析要求。     

掺杂对锰氧化物La_(0.67)Ca_(0.33)Mn_(0.9)A_(0.1)O_3(A:Cr,Co,Fe,Cu)结构的影响

采用固相反应法制备了La0.67Ca0.33Mn0.9A0.1O3(A:Cr,CoFe,Cu)系列样品;利用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对系列样品进行了表征,结果表明:样品单相性很好;以元素Cr,Fe,Co替代时,样品呈现较均匀的颗粒,而元素Cu替代时样品呈大片状结构,空洞半径按替代元素Cr,Co,Fe,Cu的顺序逐渐变大,说明替代元素与Mn离子的半径之差Δ是影响样品空洞半径及缺陷的重要因素.     

固相反应合成钙钛矿型氧化物Ba1.0 Co0.7Fe0.2 Nb0.103-δ的机理

以BaCO3、Co3O4、Fe2O3和Nb2O5粉末为原料,通过固相反应合成了钙钛矿型复合氧化物Ba1.0Co0.7Fe0.2Nb0.1O3-δ.利用XRD、SEM和TGA-DSC同步热分析仪等研究了合成该材料的反应过程.结果发现,在固相反应法合成Ba1.0Co0.7Fe0.2-Co0.7Fe0.2Nb0.1O3-δ的过程中,首先出现的是BaCoO3、BaFeO2.9相和Ba5Nb4O15相,在1473K烧结10h能够得到立方钙钛矿相的Ba1.0-Co0.7Fe0.2Nb0.1O3-δ.通过分析,整个反应过程分为两个阶段:第一阶段为BaCO3和Co3O4、Fe2O3、Nb2O5之间的加成反应;第二阶段为加成反应生成的BaCoO3、BaFeO2.9和Ba5Nb4O15三相之间逐渐固溶生成均相Ba1.0Co0.7Fe0.2Nb0.1O3-δ,此过程伴随有氧的脱出.     

La_(0.9)Mg_(0.1)Cr_(1-x)M_xO_3钙钛矿型氧化物的制备及催化性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备一系列钙钛矿复合氧化物La0.9Mg0.1Cr1-xMxO3(M为Fe、Cu和Ni),并考察其催化性能.同时利用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射等分析方法,表征催化剂性能与结构之间的关系.实验结果表明:750℃焙烧制得的La0.9Mg0.1Cr0.8Cu0.2O3具有良好的三效催化性能,在该催化剂上C3H6、CO和NO的起燃温度T50较低,分别为229℃、202℃和286℃;完全转化温度T90分别为325℃、247℃和348℃;500℃转化率分别高达91.1%、99.3%和93.9%.La0.9Mg0.1Cr0.8Cu0.2O3具有良好的钙钛矿晶体结构,晶粒为纳米级,热稳定性高,所以催化性能良好.     

Pb,Ba对微晶玻璃的微波介电性能的影响

在SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-La2O3微晶玻璃系统中,研究了以BaO取代MgO、PbO取代La2O3对微晶玻璃系统微波介电性能的影响,并用微扰法对样品进行了介电性能的测试。结果表明:添加BaO对系统的介电性能影响不大;当PbO的质量分数为10%时,介电常数有较大提高,样品的Q值仍保持较高值,说明PbO的加入并没有增大介电损耗。实验中得到的最佳样品的性能为:εr=15.68,Q=2598,τf=75.9×10-6/℃。     

叔胺-盐酸体系萃取分离铝中的铁和铅

为了制备高纯铝，降低杂质铁和铅的含量，对叔胺类萃取剂 Ｎ２３５ 萃取分离铁和铅进行了实验研究。Ｆｅ? 和Ｐｂ ? 的萃取率随着有机相Ｎ２３５ 浓度、水相酸度的增加而增加。Ｎ２３５ 萃取剂基本上不萃取溶液中铝，但溶液中铝的存在，有助于铁和铅的萃取。经过２ 次错流萃取实验，Ａｌ２Ｏ３ 中Ｆｅ２Ｏ３ 降到１ ×１０－ ４ ％ ，ＰｂＯ 降到２×１０－ ４ ％ 。     

溶胶凝胶法制备(Ba,Pb)TiO3纳米晶粒

采用溶胶－凝胶工艺制备了不同晶粒大小的掺铅钛酸钡纳米晶,用ＸＲＤ,ＴＥＭ和Ｒａｍａｎ研究了ＢＰＴ样品的晶粒大小,结构及其相变特性,结果表明,ＢＰＴ纳米晶最低晶化温度为５５０℃,衙门广泛６５０℃,高于６５０℃热处理的纳米晶ＢＰＴ在常温下为四方相,随着晶粒尺寸的减小,由四方相向立方相过度。     

氮化硼掺杂对（Ba,Pb）TiO3陶瓷特性的影响

讨论了氮化硼（BN）掺杂对（Ba,Pb)TiO3热敏陶瓷的热学性能、电学性能及晶粒尺寸的影响,指出了传统的PTC陶瓷电阻达到最大值后下降较快的原因,在BaTiO3中掺入BN,样品的相变点发生了变化,并使样品中晶界变宽,晶粒变得均匀,这可改善BaTiO3样品的高温相电阻随温度升高而快速下降的性能。     

(Ba,Pb)TiO3半导体陶瓷湿敏特性的研究

制备了在相对湿度为 2 0 % RH～ 98% RH范围内电阻值变化 3个～ 4个数量级的(Ba,Pb) Ti O3 陶瓷湿敏电阻 ,应用固体物理的无序系统理论解释了 (Ba,Pb) Ti O3 陶瓷的晶粒半导化 ,从表面电导及表面势垒的观点出发 ,分析其吸湿特性 ,并给出定性解释     

The abnormal sensitivity and its mechanism of （Ba, Pb）TiO3 semiconductor ceramics

The resistance-temperature properties of porous (Ba, Pb)TiO3 semiconductor ceramic were systematically studied. It was found that the resistance of (Ba, Pb)TiO3 ceramic having been placed in the air for a long time was abnormally increased with the increase of the temperature from the room temperature to 70℃ prior to the Curie point. Further research showed that this abnormal resistance-temperature property was linked to its humidity sensitivity. When the relative humidity changed from 11% to 93%, the resistance of (Ba, Pb)TiO3 ceramic decreased three orders of magnitude. Furthermore, the humidity-resistance was approximately linear in single logarithm coordinate. According to the surface adsorption, grain-boundary potential barrier and ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transformation, the specific sensitive mechanism of (Ba, Pb)TiO3 ceramic was analyzed qualitatively.     

(Ba,Pb)TiO3铁电薄膜的制备及其光学性质研究

采用溶胶-凝胶(Sol-Gel)技术在(100)Si及石英衬底上制备了Ba0.95Pb0.05TiO3(BPT)铁电薄膜。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、原子力显微术(AFM)对薄膜的物相结构、结晶性和表面形貌进行表征,结果表明晶化完整的BPT薄膜呈多晶钙钛矿结构,薄膜表面均匀致密.用紫外-可见分光光度计在190～1000nm波长范围内,测量了不同温度退火的BPT薄膜的光学透射率,并通过透射光谱计算了薄膜折射率和消光系数的色散关系.     

Ba和Mg掺杂对Bi（Pb）－Sr－Ca－Cu－O超导性能的影响

采用固态反应法制备了名义组分为Ｂｉ１．８Ｐｂ０．２Ｓｒ２Ｃａ２Ｃｕ３Ｏｘ和Ｂｉ０．９Ｐｂ０．１Ｂａ０．１Ｍｇ０．１Ｓｒ０．８ＣａＣｕ２Ｏｘ超导样品，并研究了Ｂａ、Ｍｇ掺杂对Ｂｉ系超导性能的影响。用ｘ射线衍射及电阻－温度关系的测量获得的实验结果表明，添加Ｂａ和Ｍｇ元素可以有效地抑制Ｂｉ系２２１２相的生成，促进２２２３相的形成，并能提高超导材料的Ｔｃ．     

A novel process for Fe recovery and Zn,Pb removal from a low-grade pyrite cinder with high Zn and Pb contents

Comprehensive utilization of pyrite cinders is increasingly important because of their huge annual outputs and potential valuable metals recovery to cope with the gradual depletion of high-grade mineral resources. In this work, a new process, i.e., a high-temperature chlorination-magnetizing roasting-magnetic separation process, was proposed for recovering Fe and removing Zn, Pb from a low-grade pyrite cinder containing 49.90wt% Fe, 1.23wt% Zn, and 0.29wt% Pb. Various parameters, including the chlorinating conditions (dosage of CaCl₂, temperature, and time) and the magnetization roasting conditions (amount of coal, temperature, and time) were investigated. The results indicate that the proposed process is effective for Fe recovery and Zn, Pb removal from the pyrite cinder. Through this process, 97.06% Zn, 96.82% Pb, and approximately 90% S can be removed, and 89.74% Fe is recovered as magnetite into the final product under optimal conditions. A purified magnetite concentrate containing 63.07wt% Fe, 0.16wt% P, 0.26wt% S, and trace amounts of nonferrous metals (0.005wt% Cu, 0.013wt% Pb, and 0.051wt% Zn) was obtained. The concentrate can be potentially used as a high-quality feed material for producing oxidized pellets by blending with other high-grade iron ore concentrates.     

A novel process for Fe recovery and Zn,Pb removal from a low-grade pyrite cinder with high Zn and Pb contents

Comprehensive utilization of pyrite cinders is increasingly important because of their huge annual outputs and potential valuable metals recovery to cope with the gradual depletion of high-grade mineral resources. In this work, a new process, i.e., a high-temperature chlorination–magnetizing roasting–magnetic separation process, was proposed for recovering Fe and removing Zn, Pb from a low-grade pyrite cinder containing 49.90 wt% Fe, 1.23 wt% Zn, and 0.29 wt% Pb. Various parameters, including the chlorinating conditions(dosage of Ca Cl2, temperature, and time) and the magnetization roasting conditions(amount of coal, temperature, and time) were investigated. The results indicate that the proposed process is effective for Fe recovery and Zn, Pb removal from the pyrite cinder. Through this process, 97.06% Zn, 96.82% Pb, and approximately 90% S can be removed, and 89.74% Fe is recovered as magnetite into the final product under optimal conditions. A purified magnetite concentrate containing 63.07 wt% Fe, 0.16 wt% P, 0.26 wt% S, and trace amounts of nonferrous metals(0.005 wt% Cu, 0.013 wt% Pb, and 0.051 wt% Zn) was obtained. The concentrate can be potentially used as a high-quality feed material for producing oxidized pellets by blending with other high-grade iron ore concentrates.