基于不确定度量化加权的CKF算法

针对传感器网络中每个传感器节点的邻接节点状态估计值不确定度不同的问题,提出一种基于不确定度量化加权的一致性卡尔曼滤波算法(CKF).该算法通过考虑节点度数对于传感器网络估计精度的影响,结合节点度数提出了一种衡量邻接节点状态估计值不确定度的量化函数,并把量化值作为该邻接节点与当前节点的状态估计值偏差的融合权重引入一致性协议中,利用优化后的一致性协议对传感器节点先验估计值进行更新,可提高一致性卡尔曼滤波算法的估计精度;算法同时具有非一致性误差小和鲁棒性强等特点.最后在3种不同网络类型下,通过动态目标跟踪实验仿真验证了算法的有效性.     

基于模糊C-均值聚类的最优量化器设计

分布式估计融合是多传感器系统研究的一项重要内容.在实际应用中,各传感器观测的统计信息往往未知,同时,由于受到通讯带宽的限制,又需要对传感器的观测和估计进行有效的压缩编码.针对观测统计量的联合概率分布未知的多传感器分布式估计融合系统,利用V.Megalooikonomou等提出的直和估计思想,基于模糊C-均值聚类方法设计一种分站最优量化器,显著地改进了基于硬C-均值聚类方法设计量化器的融合效果.计算机模拟表明了此方法的有效性.     

一种WSN中能量有效的分布式检测和功率分配算法

针对并行估计结构的无线传感器网络,讨论了无线传感器网络中的分布式估计问题,提出了一种能量有效的分布式估计算法,并对相应的功率分配问题进行了阐述。系统对于同一观测目标采用多发送单接收模式,由汇聚中心依据观测区域内的所有传感器节点发送的信息对观测对象做出估计,该算法基于LMMSE准则,考虑总能量受限和各支路信道状态信息两方面的因素,在满足一定系统性能要求的前提下,选定部分节点作为活动节点传输数据,并参与相应的功率分配,关闭未被选中的节点电源,从而实现有效的节能,进而延长无线传感器网络的生命周期。实验结果表明,该分布式估计的功率分配算法下的系统性能以及估计值的均方误差性能明显优于基于平均功率分配算法。     

量测不确定条件下离散时间滤波系统的Cramér-Rao下限研究

迄今对各种次优数据关联算法的性能评估通常只是在算法间相互比较的基础上进行的,缺乏各算法绝对次优程度的量化说明。本文对量测不确定性条件下多传感器融合系统状态估计的Cramér-Rao下限进行了研究,对M.L.Hernandez的成果做了进一步推广,给出了量测不确定性条件下具有不同观测噪声统计特征的多传感器融合滤波系统估计CRLB的计算公式。最后对多个参数与稳态CRLB间的关系进行了仿真实验,并指出有关文献中存在的错误。     

一种能量有效的无线传感网络节点跟踪算法

针对无线传感网络能量有限的特点,提出了一种能有效节约能量的节点跟踪算法.算法首先采用无迹粒子滤波算法(UPF)及后验卡尔曼滤波获得当前时刻节点状态估计,并采用高斯混合模型拟合当前状态,然后将此模型参数传递给下一个传感器节点,下一个传感器节点再利用这些参数更新后验分布,估计下一时刻的节点状态.这样可以减少网络间的通讯负荷、节约传感器节点能量.仿真实验表明,在同时考虑定位精度和能量消耗上,本文算法具有很好的性能.     

带相关噪声多传感器系统的事件触发贯序和分布式融合估计

对带相关噪声的多传感器系统,研究了事件触发的贯序和分布式融合估计算法.不同传感器之间的观测噪声同时刻相关,并与过程噪声一步相关.为了节省通信能耗,采用了事件触发传输机制,该机制依赖于每个传感器当前的观测值和上一个触发时刻的观测值.在事件触发条件下,提出了在线性最小方差意义上的最优贯序融合和分布式融合估计算法.所提出的贯序融合算法可以根据传感器观测数据到达滤波器的顺序进行实时处理,具有较小的计算负担.所提出的分布式融合算法可以对传感器观测数据进行并行处理,具有更好的可靠性.两种算法与事件触发集中融合算法具有相同的估计精度.仿真结果验证了算法的有效性.     

基于C-均值聚类的分布式估计融合系统的量化器设计

针对观测统计量的联合概率分布未知的多传感器分布式估计融合系统,作者利用Megalooikonomou等提出的直和估计思想,基于C-均值聚类方法设计了一种量化器,改进了他们基于回归树设计量化器的融合效果.进一步,在系统整体优化条件下,作者同时考虑了各分站量化器的设计,建立了估计融合模型并通过实验验证了该模型的有效性.     

基于渐进性能分析的最优分布式量化检测算法

针对无线传感器网络中对发送功率和传输带宽限制的问题,提出基于规则量化(RQ)和不规则量化(NRQ)的一比特分布式检测算法。该检测方案在传感器节点处引入量化器,整个系统采用并行结构,由N个带有量化器的传感器节点组成。融合中心处采用广义似然比检验(GLRT)作为融合准则,并根据接收到的二进制信息作出全局判决。通过仿真实验对所提出的检测方案性能进行验证,并与未量化的检测方案进行比较。仿真结果表明:最优量化阈值提升了融合中心的检测概率,在理想信道和差错信道(BSC)下,基于不规则量化方案的检测系统性能明显优于基于规则量化方案的检测系统。     

抗野值多速率模型及交互式多传感器状态融合

针对状态估计中野值问题进行研究.基于HongLong多速率模型,引入小波变换进行奇异值检测,在时频域将野值剔除;同时利用子波分解抽取多速率信息用以状态估计,从而建立了抗野值的多速率模型.该模型用于集中式多传感器IMM融合算法,形成抗野交互式多速率多传感器滤波算法.仿真结果证明了该算法对观测中的野值有良好的抗干扰性,并且通过抽取观测序列包含的多速率信息实现了对目标状态的精确估计.     

考虑自支持度和互支持度的多传感器一致性测度算子

针对传感器观测结果可能存在虚假甚至错误信息从而影响数据融合估计的问题,研究了一种度量多传感器观测结果一致性的测度算子.在进行数据融合估计之前,首先对多传感器的观测结果进行一致性检验,从而识别并剔除失效传感器的观测结果,最终获得一致性估计.该一致性测度算子基于Hampel粗差鉴别思想,同时考虑传感器的自支持度和传感器之间的互支持度,经过综合后给出传感器观测结果的一致性测度信息.仿真实验结果表明,该方法简单有效,能够准确识别传感器的虚假和错误观测结果,剔除失效传感器,同时能够给出传感器观测结果的质量评价,为数据融合估计提供可靠的一致性传感器组.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that