基于景观格局的福州LUCC与生态安全响应

以1988年、2000年和2008年福州的土地利用数据为基础,基于GIS空间分析功能,以破碎度、分离度和优势度景观格局指数和景观类型脆弱度为指标,计算生态安全指数,评价研究区景观生态安全的变化趋势.研究结果表明:研究区景观结构变化导致生态安全指数随时间变化,耕地、林地景观生态安全指数有所下降,由于建设用地面积扩大,逐渐...     

土地整理对区域景观格局的影响——以湖北省安陆市辛榨乡基本农田整理项目为例

土地整理是区域景观变化的主要驱动力之一,其生态影响可以通过景观格局的变化表现出来．结合国家投资基本农田整理项目的空间数据与属性数据。选取景观单元特征指数、景观多样性指数、景观破碎化指数等三大类指数与9小类指标,在AutoCAD与MapGIS平台上提取与处理空间数据和属性数据。并计算出各指标量整理前后的变化．结果表明：土地整理后斑块密度指数减少,景观多样性指数降低,破碎度指数减小,水田的优势度增高且更具有连通性,景观异质程度下降,景观类型有向单一化和非均衡化方向发展的趋势。景观中各类型斑块在空间上的分布也出现非均衡化．     

基于景观指数和生态足迹的平潭岛生态承载力研究

基于平潭岛2005-2013年土地利用数据,运用生态足迹模型,对平潭岛生态承载力进行分析,并选取不同尺度的6个景观指数对平潭岛景观格局变化特征进行研究,计算生态承载力与景观格局指数的相关系数,研究结果表明:2005-2013年间平潭岛生态足迹呈上升趋势,生态承载力呈小幅下降趋势,生态赤字总体上呈先缓后快的上升状态;研究期间平潭岛土地利用总体景观优势度下降,破碎化程度不断上升,其变化反映了城市化进程对平潭景观格局变化产生了深刻影响;生态承载力与景观多样性指数呈显著负相关,但与蔓延度、最大斑块指数呈显著正相关,说明景观的破碎化与生态承载力之间存在一定的关联.     

南京市幕燕风貌区景观格局分析

景观格局分析是景观规划的基础,是景观生态学研究的重要领域.笔者以南京市幕燕风貌区为例,在利用风貌区CAD底图,获取景观斑块类型、数量、面积等数据信息的基础上,选取景观多样性、均匀度、优势度、破碎度、分离度5项指标,对幕燕风貌区景观格局进行评价.结果表明：1）景观多样性指数为1.1551,优势度指数为0.6367,均匀度指数为0.5289,风貌区具有优势的景观类型、景观分布不均匀;2）大多数类型景观的破碎度指数及分离度都较高,说明风貌区受人为干扰显著.据此,提出了统筹安排景区内建设用地外迁、对风貌区内弃置地统一进行生态修复、进行整体景观格局规划、减小景观破碎度和分离度、打造风貌区丰富的景观类型、提高景观多样性等景观格局优化的措施,以期为风貌区规划与建设提供借鉴.     

黄河三角洲盐碱地土地整理前后土壤理化性状的变化 ——以山东省东营市利津县土地整理为例

黄河三角洲地区因地势低平、海水倒灌、排水不畅等原因,导致土地盐碱化严重,通过土地整理等活动可以改善盐碱地土壤条件.以山东省东营市利津县土地整理项目为例,通过改善土地灌排设施条件、安置排盐暗管等措施改良盐碱地.土地整理2a后,经过连续2次土壤调查,发现试验区内高含盐量盐土的含盐量降低到3 g/kg以下,但土壤pH变化不大;研究同时表明,土地整理改良过程也会通过灌溉等途径排出土壤中的养分,在后续种植中需要及时补充肥料.     

基于景观格局与限制性因素分析的土地整治规划设计

以典型热带台地地区的海南省屯昌县南吕镇土地整治项目区为例, 探讨基于景观格局与限制性因素分析的土地整治规划设计技术。首先, 利用ArcGIS 和FRAGSTAS 软件, 计算项目区景观尺度和斑块尺度的景观格局指数, 分析项目区的景观格局情况; 然后, 采用农用地分等因素组合的方法, 分析项目区耕地利用的限制性, 以项目区农用地分等单元为基本评价单元, 分析评价单元的分等因素组合类型以及不同组合类型对农用地质量的限制强度, 以此明确评价单元整治的难易程度和整治重点; 最后, 在对项目区进行景观格局与限制性因素分析的基础上, 进行项目区的规划设计, 包括空间布局和生态设计两部分, 空间布局主要是确定整治项目区土地利用格局, 包括确定各类用地的空间位置和数量比例关系以及各种地类及整治工程的位置, 生态设计是对项目区内的用地类型和整治工程进行生态化设计, 包括对田块、道路、沟渠等提出适合热带台地地区气候和地貌特点的生态化措施。研究结果可为热带台地地区土地整治规划设计的实践工作提供科学依据。     

吉林省西部景观指数时空变化及驱动机制分析

为了解吉林省西部地区近23年景观分布规律及其驱动机制,利用景观格局指数对吉林省西部1990年、2000年、2013年三期的土地利用类型进行分析,对吉林省西部土地利用类型和土地景观指数进行分析,深入探究吉林省西部景观格局分布特征,并探讨了造成研究区景观格局变化的驱动因子.结果表明:吉林省西部土地利用类型中旱田面积最大,为...     

新疆玛纳斯河流域景观生态风险评价

景观生态风险评价是基于景观形态与生态过程耦合机理,研究土地利用变化对生态系统结构、功能的风险响应,可为区域生态安全评价提供了系统模式。本文以玛纳斯河流域绿洲为研究区,以2000、2005和2015年3期TM遥感影像为数据源,通过计算景观格局指数构建生态风险评价模型,利用GIS和GS+软件对生态风险指数进行采样和空间插值,得到景观生态风险时空分布图,进一步分析景观生态风险效果及其表征。结果表明:2000-2015年玛纳斯河流域景观格局变化明显,耕地和建设用地破碎化程度降低,分离度减少,优势度不断增加;2000年流域以较低、中等生态风险区为主,高风险区分布于流域西北部的河流尾闾区,2005年较低和中等风险区范围扩大,生态环境整体呈现好转趋势,相较于2005年,2015年高风险区范围显著扩大,主要分布于河流中下游的下野地垦区,较高风险区有向东部延伸的趋势;2000-2015年,研究区生态风险等级呈降低趋势,高等级向低等级生态风险转移的面积远高于由低等级向高等级生态风险转移的面积。因此,应通过优化土地利用结构和方式,改善与治理退化的生态环境。     

遥感及Fragstats在土地利用景观格局分析中的应用

以莆田市城厢区为例,应用HJ-1B遥感影像为数据源,利用最大似然法对遥感图像进行土地利用分类并运用Fragstats3.3软件计算景观格局指数,选取斑块大小、分维数、破碎度、蔓延度、均匀度和多样性指数等指标,对研究区土地利用景观空间格局进行了分析,揭示了研究区景观类型相对稳定、森林覆盖率高、景观形状较规则的特点。     

鄂尔多斯东胜地区土地覆盖的景观格局

利用ETM影像数据,通过遥感软件、地理信息系统软件进行多通道合成、几何校正和空间分析,并运用景观指数对鄂尔多斯东胜地区土地覆盖景观格局进行定量分析和评判.结果表明:研究区的植被景观类型可划分为18种.典型草原丘陵区的斑块数为921,平均斑块面积18km2,分维数为2.7125,景观分离度指数为4.4208;典型草原丘陵区受人为干扰和其他外力作用最小,存在优势景观类型;典型草原沙化区平均斑块面积10km2,分维数为4.1421,景观分离度指数为7.1829,最大缀块指数0.0153;荒漠草原区平均斑块面积13km2,分维数变动范围为-166.58～25.36,景观分离度指数为10.2243,最大缀块指数0.0156;城镇区分维数为1.91,景观分离度指数为0.10,最大缀块指数为0.8545.典型草原沙化区的景观多样性、景观破碎度最大,景观形状指数、景观隔离度和景观均匀度最高,景观优势度最低;荒漠草原区的景观优势度最大,景观均匀度最小;典型草原丘陵区景观破碎度和景观隔离度最小;典型草原平原区的景观多样性和景观形状指数最低.土地利用和土地覆盖变化是影响景观结构、功能及动态的主导因素之一.该结果可为生态脆弱区生物修复和生态保育提供案例借鉴.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-