临汾盆地陶寺遗址附近全新世黄土剖面的环境指标分析

在对临汾盆地陶寺遗址北城墙外全新世黄土剖面粒度、磁化率、Rb/Sr值和CaCO3含量等气候指标进行分析的基础上,结合光释光测年结果和考古学资料,探讨该剖面记录的环境信息及其与文化发展的相互关系。研究发现:全新世早期(10.5~9.6 kaBP),东亚冬季风较弱,风化成壤作用增强,气候由凉干转向暖湿;全新世早中期(9.6~4.9 kaBP),风化成壤作用最强,气候最为暖湿;全新世中后期(4.9~2.5 kaBP),风化成壤作用较之前有所下降,气候较之前温干,但较现今暖湿;全新世晚期(2.5 kaBP)以来,东亚冬季风增强,风化成壤作用较弱,气候较为凉干。暖湿气候期与文化的繁荣发展时期有较好的对应关系,凉干气候期植被的退化可能受气候和人类活动共同作用的影响。     

福建长乐第四纪红土微量元素揭示的气候环境变化

在野外考察采样基础上,结合OSL和ESR测年确定红土沉积年代,对福建长乐(CL)红土剖面微量元素地球化学特征及指示的古环境意义进行了初步研究。结果表明:CL剖面中微量元素的含量和分布特征呈有规律的波动变化,反映出区域风化成壤过程中不同元素的地球化学行为存在差异。较高的Mn、Nb、Rb、Cr含量或较低的Ni、As、Sr、Zn、V含量大体指示红土沉积风化作用增强,气候暖湿;反之,则可能指示生物化学风化作用减弱,气候温干或凉干。早更新世晚期以来,研究区古气候经历了温干-暖湿,暖湿,暖湿-干冷,温干-暖湿,暖湿的变化过程。研究揭示出CL剖面微量元素记录的区域气候变化过程既是对全球气候变化的响应,同时也表现出亚热带季风区红土沉积风化的特殊性。     

田洋玛珥湖中更新世以来磁化率特征及其环境意义

 对雷州半岛东南部的田洋玛珥湖TYC孔前40 m岩芯进行了研究,结果表明,磁化率与孢粉有很好的对应关系,因而磁化率值的高低变化能够作为该区气候环境变化的替代指标。沉积物磁化率与气候变化的关系为：磁化率的低值与气候暖湿对应;磁化率的高值则与气候寒冷或温凉相对应。中更新世以来,田洋玛珥湖气候环境演化经历了9个不同的阶段：346~301.4 kaBP,气候相对暖湿。301.4~248.8 kaBP,气候寒冷干燥。248.8~188.8 kaBP,气候相对暖湿。188.8~125.2 kaBP,气候寒冷干燥。125.2~69.3 kaBP,气候较为暖湿。69.3~40.43 kaBP,气候偏凉。40.43~25.5 kaBP,气候偏凉但较上阶段温度低,此时玛珥湖呈现出沼泽化过渡阶段。25.5~10.8 kaBP,气候寒冷干燥,玛珥湖干枯成为干玛珥湖。10.8 kaBP以来,由于后期人类活动对玛珥湖的改造,致使磁化率值不断升高。     

西安黄土台塬区全新世黄土磁化率古气候环境演变

通过对西安神禾塬鱼包头村和泾阳县新庄村典型剖面全新世黄土—古土壤地层的岩性描述、地层划分和对比,结合泾阳县新庄村AMS~(14)C的年代测定和其他学者的测年数据,建立了该地区全新世以来黄土沉积年代序列.根据磁化率气候替代指标在剖面上的变化规律以及该黄土剖面反映的东亚冬、夏季风强弱变化特点,详细分析了西安地区全新世以来环境变化的特征和规律,进而将该剖面磁化率曲线特征与其他学者的孢粉谱建立的温度曲线进行对比.对西安地区全新世以来古气候的阶段进行了划分,将西安地区10 000 a以来的气候演变划分为6个气候阶段:10.0~9.0 kaBP,冷温转换阶段;9.0~7.0 kaBP,暖冷波动阶段;7.0~5.0 kaBP,温暖阶段;5.0~3.4 kaBP,暖冷剧烈波动阶段;3.4~2.0 kaBP,气温先降后升阶段;2.0 kaBP至现在,温暖半湿润、半干旱阶段.     

萨拉乌苏河流域全新世气候变化的元素地球化学记录

通过对萨拉乌苏河流域滴哨沟湾左岸沉积剖面常量元素Si、Al、Fe、Ca、Mg、K、Na含量及其比值变化的分析,结合~(14)C测年结果及粒度、有机质指标,并综合已有研究,探讨了该地区全新世以来的气候变化.研究表明,9.6ka BP前气候干冷,沉积相为风成沉积;9.6~8.4ka BP气候由干冷向暖湿转变,期间存在干冷波动;8.4~4.0ka BP进入全新世大暖期,其中,8.4~6.5ka BP为全新世大暖期的鼎盛时期,降水增加,积水成湖,湖泊水位高且稳定;6.5ka BP气候发生明显转变;6.5~4.0ka BP湖泊水位逐步下降形成富含螺壳的浅水环境,但气候整体仍较为湿润;4.0~1.2ka BP气候变干冷,发育沼泽;1.2~0.7ka BP气候转暖湿,沉积相由沼泽相转变为湖泊相;0.7~0.5ka BP为河流相沉积,气候较为干冷.剖面记录的气候变化可与东亚季风变化、温度变化、太阳辐射进行对比,反映了该区域气候变化与全球气候变化的一致性.     

福建晋江颜厝海岸沙丘粒度参数记录的环境演变

对福建晋江海岸风沙集中分布区深沪镇海岸带颜厝(YC)剖面进行了粒度参数、成因判别分析.在此基础上,划分出YC剖面的敏感组分作为指示风动力变化的代用指标,将其与前人同期的地质记录以及东亚晚全新世环境的相关研究进行对比,初步确定了福建东南沿海近1000 a来海岸沙丘记录的环境演变,结果表明:(1)1180-1320 A.D.,冬季风由弱变强,气候从湿热转向干冷;(2)1320-1800 A.D.,冬季风较强,东南沿海进入小冰期,表现为干冷的气候环境;(3)1800-2000A.D.,冬季风由强转弱,由小冰期进入现代暖期,气候逐渐由冷干向暖湿过度.     

汉中盆地军王村黄土-古土壤剖面的色度特征及机理

对汉中盆地城固县军王村(JWC)剖面的色度参数进行分析,并结合磁化率、烧失量、氧化铁进行主控因素的研究。结果表明:亮度(L*)含量的变化与有机质含量密切相关,红度(a*)的变化与氧化铁含量密不可分;色度参数曲线与磁化率曲线具有同步的变化趋势,其中L*、a*、a*/b*对气候响应敏感,能作为较好的气候替代指标,记录了该区的气候和成壤环境变化;各色度参数的变化趋势反映了晚更新世末期气候冷干→全新世初期气候开始转向暖湿→全新世中期气候湿热→全新世晚期气候暖湿降低,但晚更新世末期的气候并不是持续稳定的,在38.8~25.6 ka BP期间出现了短暂的相对温暖湿润的阶段。     

青藏高原东北缘古降水重建与人类活动

青藏高原东北缘的自然环境对全球变化响应敏感,重建全新世中晚期的降水对过去全球变化研究具有意义.本文利用现代表土孢粉、化石孢粉和现代气候数据,采用GIS和现代类比法,重建了全新世中晚期百年分辨率的降水序列,并探讨了其与人类活动的关系.重建结果表明:6.3~5kaBP为典型湿润期,降水充沛,并在6.09kaBP达到最大值465mm,比现代降水量高约210mm;5~3.9kaBP为亚湿润期,平均降水量比现代高约65mm,但整体降水量在波动中下降;3.9~2.9kaBP为波动期,降水量急剧下降,较前一阶段减少约79mm;2.9kaBP以来降水量较为稳定,平均降水量与现代相当;其中有6个干湿事件,湿事件为6kaBP、4.1kaBP、1.6kaBP,干事件为4.9kaBP、3.8kaBP、2.8kaBP.降水量变化与植被覆盖和史前文化变迁关系密切.     

广州地区晚第四纪孢粉气候研究

 利用广州地区南北2个不同沉积地貌区的钻孔进行孢粉分析,结合测年和沉积信息,分析了广州所代表的珠江三角洲地区晚更新世以来的沉积环境和气候变化。孢粉分析结果显示：在晚更新世珠江三角洲地区气候经历了偏冷干-偏凉干-暖湿-热湿-偏凉干-冷干的变化过程,末次冰期对本区具有明显影响,使全新世和晚更新世孢粉组合表现出一定的差异;全新世气候明显转暖湿,整体上以暖湿为主,但出现了一些小的气候波动事件,最明显的是在2 250 a BP 前后偏凉干的变化;该区在晚更新世和全新世各经历过一次海侵,两孔反映的气候期和海平面变化较为一致,气候和海平面变化也有很好的对应。两孔在地层、沉积相和孢粉特征上的差异是地理位置、沉积环境和基座地貌等差异造成的。     

长江三角洲南翼PJ孔岩芯沉积特征及环境指示意义

根据对长江三角洲南翼第四纪沉积物的磁化率、粒度、地球化学元素、色度等环境指标的综合分析,试图重建该地区全新世气候变化序列,可划分为五个冷暖旋回阶段:1)10.4~8.8kaBP末次冰期结束快速升温的早全新世;2)8.8~5.4kaBP温暖湿润的早中全新世;3)5.4~2.8kaBP频繁波动相对趋冷的中晚全新世;4)2.8~1.2kaBP气候有所回暖的晚全新世;5)1.2~0.4kaBP,气候快速变冷期。在此基础上,与中国西北及其他地区全新世研究成果对比分析,旨在说明长三角沉积物记录的全新世气候变化具有普遍性。     

Sr-Nd isotope geochemistry of eolian dust of the arid-semiarid areas in China： Implications for loess provenance and monsoon evolution

Strontium (Sr) is a divalent alkaline earth element. Its ionic radius (0.113 nm) is slightly larger than that of calcium (0.099 nm), and Sr thus substitutes isomor- phously for Ca in many minerals. Neodymium (Nd) is a rare earth element. Its chemical prop…     

川东北宋家洞石笋氧碳同位素及锶含量突变分析

通过对宋家洞石笋SJ3的氧碳同位素及锶含量进行Mann-Kendall test突变分析,得出以下结论:(1)氧同位素值记录了末次冰盛期向Heinrich Event 1时期的转变;(2)碳同位素值和锶含量记录了由H1冷期向BФlling-AllerФd暖期的转变;(3)碳同位素值和锶含量指示了在19.8～15.3ka时当地的东亚夏季风和冬季风呈正相关关系,在15.3～14.8 ka呈负相关关系,表明石笋SJ3记录了古气候环境的冷干、暖湿变化,且不同气候指标对环境变化的敏感度不同。     

Interconnections between the Asian monsoon, ENSO, and high northern latitude climate during the Holocene

The International Geosphere Biosphere Program (IGBP), which promotes better understanding of the living environment, was initiated in the early 1990s. IGBP and other programs have uncovered much evi-dence that the Earth system is complex and nonlinear, ex…     

Comparison of paleoclimatic characteristics between monsoon and westerly areas, China

For past decades there have been many studies on the climate features during the last interglacial and glacial periods. A comparison between the loess record of western China with that of monsoon areas shows some regional differences. ( i) Generally, the climate of the Yili region since the late Pleistocene was dry, with fluctuations. Late Pleistocene climate change in the study area can be divided into 5 stages, corresponding to 5 marine isotopic stages (MIS 1-MISS), (ii) Evidence from grain size composition, magnetic susceptibility, carbonate content, pollen assemblage and geochemistry shows that the climate during the last glacial period was instable. During MIS4 the westerly winds were strong and the humidity was relatively high. Compared with the early stage, MIS2 was dry. In MIS3, westerly winds were relatively weak; pedogenesis prevailed, forming paleo-sols. (iii) In contrast to the Loess Plateau the deposition rate of dust at the early stage was higher than at the late stage of the last galical in the Yili region. The strongest wind event occurred at about 24 kaBP instead of 18 kaBP. (iv) Variations in the grain size indicate that the westerly winds decreased since the deglaciation, but dust accumulation continued until the late Holocene. High carbonate contents, low ratio of Rb/Sr and lack of soil development imply that the climate was dry during the early and middle Holocene. Since the late Holocene the climate became relatively wet and the soil was developed.     

Influence of the intertropical convergence zone on the East Asian monsoon

The Asian-Australian monsoon is an important component of the Earth's climate system that influences the societal and economic activity of roughly half the world's population. The past strength of the rain-bearing East Asian summer monsoon can be reconstructed with archives such as cave deposits, but the winter monsoon has no such signature in the hydrological cycle and has thus proved difficult to reconstruct. Here we present high-resolution records of the magnetic properties and the titanium content of the sediments of Lake Huguang Maar in coastal southeast China over the past 16,000 years, which we use as proxies for the strength of the winter monsoon winds. We find evidence for stronger winter monsoon winds before the B?lling-Aller?d warming, during the Younger Dryas episode and during the middle and late Holocene, when cave stalagmites suggest weaker summer monsoons. We conclude that this anticorrelation is best explained by migrations in the intertropical convergence zone. Similar migrations of the intertropical convergence zone have been observed in Central America for the period ad 700 to 900 (refs 4-6), suggesting global climatic changes at that time. From the coincidence in timing, we suggest that these migrations in the tropical rain belt could have contributed to the declines of both the Tang dynasty in China and the Classic Maya in Central America.     

中国风尘沉积环境磁学研究现状

中国黄土-古土壤-红黏土序列完整记录了7.5 Ma以来东亚季风演化历史。黄土-古土壤的低频磁化率已成为东亚夏季风演化的代用指标之一,并得到广泛的应用和全球对比。虽然古土壤磁化率增强的成土观点已得到广泛认可,但磁化率与成壤强度的相关性还不是十分清楚,磁化率应用方面仍存在问题。磁化率与成壤强度、生物化学作用和古气候关系尚在研究中。     

Progress in studies of the climate of humid period and the impacts of changing precession in early-mid Holocene

Studies on the climate of humid period and the impacts of changing precession in the early-mid Holocene are reviewed in this paper. High-resolution proxy data indicated that the African Humid Period, strong summer monsoon from the Arabian Sea to South Asia, northward migration of ITCZ （Intertropical Convergence Zone） over the northern South America, and the humid period of China appeared in 10.5-5.5 kaBP, 10.0--6.0 kaBP, 10.5-5.4 kaBP, and 11.0-8.0 kaBP, respectively. Modeling studies proved that summer insolation over the Northern Hemisphere increased following the changes of precession in the early Holocene, which increased the land-sea temperature contrasts, intensified the summer monsoon circulation over the area under the influence of summer monsoon. However, in the Northern Hemisphere, and finally induced a humid climate modeling results underestimated the increase of precipitation and the degree of northward extension of monsoon rain belt compared with palaeo-environmental data. These discrepancies between the modeling results and the palaeo-environmental data may be associated with the changes of North Atlantic circulation, sea ice and vegetation covers. Moreover, climate of the humid period was not stable, in which several droughts were inlaid on centennial scale. In this review, perspectives for further studies of the climate change of the humid period in the early-mid Holocene are also proposed. demy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier Limited and Science in China Press. All rights reserved.     

从陆架泥质沉积中寻找高分辨率的全新世东亚季风记录

当前对全新世东亚季风的研究,一是重造了不同地区的季风气候与环境特点,分析、划分了不同的阶段并总结了各阶段的特点;二是通过高分辨率的气候代用指标进一步开展定量古气候研究,揭示其变化与周期,探讨其驱动机制.已有的研究主要来自陆地,而利用海洋沉积物研究季风则集中在深海;且主要体现的是气候整体变化特征或侧重于夏季风,而专门论述全新世东亚冬季风的报道则较少;尚未在短时间尺度上有效地确定全新世东亚冬、夏季风的关系及其驱动机制.该文指出,可以利用中国边缘海陆架泥质沉积开展全新世高分辨率的东亚古季风研究,其粒度和Rb/Sr比值等元素地球化学指标可分别作为高分辨率的东亚冬、夏季风演化的替代性指标.     

Inverse correlation between ancient winter and summer monsoons in East Asia？

There is a scientific debate on the relationship between ancient winter and summer monsoons in East Asia. Some scholars think that East Asian winter and summer monsoons are anti-correlated, and others think not. For this reason, this study is motivated to assess their linkage from the paleoclimate simulation perspective, through analyzing the Last Glacial Maximum （LGM） and mid-Holocene （MH） climate simulated by CCSM3 model. Compared to the present climate, the Aleutian low is found to be deepened and the East Asian winter monsoon （EAWM） is stronger during the LGM winter. The Pacific high in summer is noticed to be weakened and the East Asian summer monsoon （EASM） is weaker at the LGM. During the MH, the Aleutian low and the Asian high in winter are intensified, and the Asian low and the Pacific high in summer are enhanced, indicating that the EAWM and EASM are both stronger than today. Therefore, the EAWM is not always negatively correlated to the EASM. Their relationship may be different at different geological stages. It can be obtained at least from the numerical simulation results that the EAWM and the EASM is negatively correlated during the cooling period, while positively correlated during the warming period.     

Seasonal cycle of the zonal land-sea thermal contrast and East Asian subtropical monsoon circulation

Based on analysis of the climatic temperature latitudinal deviation on middle troposphere, its seasonal cycle suggests that due to the rapid warming from eastern China continent to the east of Tibetan Plateau and the heating of Tibetan Plateau in spring, seasonal transition of the thermal difference between East Asia continent and West Pacific first takes place in the subtropical region with greatest intensity. On the accompanying low troposphere, the prevailing wind turns from northerly in winter to southerly in summer with the convection precipitation occurring at the same time. This maybe indicates the onset of the East Asian subtropical summer monsoon. Consequently, we advice that the seasonal cycle formed by the zonal thermal contrast between Asian continent and West Pacific may be an independent driving force of East Asian subtropical monsoon.