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1.
1973年以来,对高温超导电性的研究几乎停顿不前.Bednorz和Mulle在La—Ba—Cu—O系中高于30K超导电性的发现迅速改变了这种局面。以后的发展近乎日新月异。赵忠贤等首先报道了在Y—Ba—Cu—O体系中发现高于液氮温度(77K)的超导电性并公布了材料组分。接着C.W.Chu等在Y—Ba—Cu—O多相氧化物超导体中得到了高于90K的的超导电性。最近,更多的研究组在单相YBa_2Cu_3O_(9~-y)氧化物超导体中发现了高于90K超导电性。我们在研制单相YBa_2Cu_2O_(9~-y)超导材料过程中发现,制备条件对超导性质的影响很大。我们选用分析纯钇钡铜的氧化物或碳酸盐。阳离子配比为Y∶B∶Cu=1∶2∶3。在玛瑙研钵里充分研磨以后,在管式炉内900—1100℃通氧烧结12—24小时。冷却速率对超导性质的影响是显著的。缓慢(超过6小时)冷却到室温可得到零电阻温度高于90K的超导电性,如图1所示。快速冷却的零电阻温度低于77K,如图2所  相似文献   

2.
采用高温固相法合成Na_3SrB_5O_(10):Dy~(3+)(n=0. 5,0. 8,1. 0,1. 5,2. 0)系列荧光粉,利用X射线衍射仪、荧光光谱仪对材料的结构和发光性能进行了测试和分析. XRD测试结果表明掺Dy~(3+)量不应超过2%.荧光光谱图显示,在588 nm监测波长下的最佳激发波长为345 nm,在345 nm波长激发下有490 nm(B)和589 nm(Y)两个主要特征峰,其中589 nm处的特征峰最强.随着Dy~(3+)浓度的增大,发射峰Y和B的强度比值Y/B有微小变化,荧光粉表现出较好的发光稳定性.从发射光谱可知当掺Dy~(3+)量达到2. 0%时发生浓度猝灭,表明最佳掺杂浓度为1. 5%.计算出该基质中Dy~(3+)的临界传递距离为3. 05 nm.激发波长取345 nm时,Na_3SrB_5O_(10):Dy~(3+):n%Dy~(3+)(0. 5~2. 0)系列荧光的色温范围为3 200 K~3 500 K,发光为暖白光.  相似文献   

3.
本文利用X射线光电子谱(XPS)对Gd原子在Ba_2RCu_3O_(7+8)(R=Y, Ho)高温超导体表面上引起的化学反应进行了研究.实验发现,在该超导样品表面上蒸镀的Gd原子被氧化,超导体中对超导特性起重要作的Cu-O链遭到破坏,其中一部分处于Cu~(2+)态的Cu元素被还原,超导体内其它各元素也不同程度地受到了影响.当样品表面上Gd覆盖度达到22A(R=Y)和30A(R=Ho)时,界面上的化学反应不再继续  相似文献   

4.
利用高温X射线原位测定法直接测定配比为YBa_2Cu_3O_(9-x)的物料在升温、保温和降温的烧结过程中超导相结构的形成,四方→正交转变及其对烧结产物超导性能的影响.实验表明在升温到880℃时首先形成过渡的立方结构相,然后发展为层状四方钙钛矿结构.随着高温保持时间的延长,四方结构向正交结构转变.在降温至600℃附近,还发生第二次四考→正交转变.上述二次四方正交转变均对超导性能产生影响  相似文献   

5.
以SiO_2,Al_2O_3,Y_2O_3,α-SiC粉体为原料,采用粉末烧结法,于1550℃~1650℃无压烧结2hr.,研制Y-Al-Si-O-C氧碳玻璃。结果表明:在1650℃×2h.的烧结条件下,在元素质量百分比为(wt%)Y(15.75)-Al(5.29)-Si(28.82)-O(49.14)-C(1.00)和Y(15.75)-Al(5.29)-Si(29.60)-O(47.36)-C(2.00)的两个成份点可获得氧碳玻璃。  相似文献   

6.
自从YBaCuO系统高温超导体被发现以来,人们在该系统的基础上作了广泛的研究,其中包括化学掺杂和离子代换.去年6月在美国Berkeley举行的“超导奇异机理的国际讨论会”上,Tarascon等人指出:对于YBa_(2-x)Sr_xCu_3O_(7-y)系统,Sr的最大溶解度为x=1.4,因为Sr和Ba是同族元素,离子半径比Ba小,随着Sr含量的增加,正交超导相晶格常数a,b和c单调减小,T_(?)随之从93K(x=0)单调地减少到8OK(x=1.4).后来,C.Y.范等人曾宣布研制成一种以Sr代Ba的超导陶瓷,呈现超导转变温度达45℃.显然他们给出的以Sr代Ba的实验结果是不一致的.  相似文献   

7.
采用醇水溶液加热法制备了掺杂3?2O3的纳米ZrO2(3Y)粉体,并制得了相应的敏感元件,研究了掺杂对纳米ZrO2(3Y)结构和敏感特性的影响.结果表明,掺入3%的Ce2O3明显改善了样品的结晶程度并使其晶相结构在一定的温度范围内保持稳定,同时也减缓了样品由四方相结构向单斜相结构转变的速度,极大地改善了元件氧灵敏度的线性化程度.  相似文献   

8.
目前,已有大量不同的所谓高温超导体,其可分为两类。第一类是以La_(2-x)Sr_xCuO_(4-x)为代表,T_c=30~40K,晶体是K_2NiF_4结构;第二类是以YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-x)为代表,T_c=90K左右,晶体是缺氧钙钛矿结构,即所谓“123”结构。新高温超导体都是混合含氧化物,显示出陶瓷的机械和物理性能。新材料性能的关键在于化学键合在一起的铜(Cu)和氧(O)原子构成的原子平面,铜-氧化学键合的特殊性质使得材料在某些方向能很好地传导电流,这与大多数陶瓷为绝缘体形成对照。目前,人们在BiSrCaCuO系中以微量Pb取代部分Sr已可获得160K的高临界温度。作者利用化学纯原料成功地研制出零电阻温度达125K的Bi_1Ca_1Cu_2O_x系超导体和T_c在90K以上的Y_1Ba_2Cu_3O_(7-x)高温超导陶瓷。在研制过程中发现Y_1Ba_2Cu_3O_(7-x)超导相的形成过程中,氧环境及退火降温速度对其形成起十分重要的作用,而原料中的微量杂质对其形成不起关键作用;BiSrCaCuO系对微量杂质不敏感,而对退火温度要求甚高。  相似文献   

9.
Y-Ba-Cu-O超导相结构己用单晶四园X射线衍射方法测定。晶体属正交晶系。Pmmm空间群,晶格参数是a=3.855(2),b=3.857(2),c=11.653(3)。超导相的实验式为YBa_2Cu_2.84O_6.85.  相似文献   

10.
本文报道了新的含铜的氧化物的物相 Pr_(1.3)Bi_(0.1)Sr_(0.3)Ca_(0.2)Cu_2O_6的制奋、单晶结构和电磁性能.由单晶 X 射线衍射数据分析,该氧化物属四方晶系,空间群 D_(4λ)~(17)—l4/mmm.测得晶胞常数为α=3.831×10~(-10)m,c=19.642×10~(-10)m,Z=2,V=288.3×10~(-20)m~3。在4.5—300K 温度范围内,该物相不显超导性能。经高压纯氧气氛焙烧或经纯160 Pa 氧焙烧后再经氩气氛处理的 Pr_(2-x)(Sr,Ca)_(l+2)Cu_2O_(?)(x≈0至0.4)样品也不显超导性能.  相似文献   

11.
Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.  相似文献   

12.
何延凌 《科技信息》2008,(4):258-258
Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women's language from these perspectives: pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women's language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What's more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.  相似文献   

13.
理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。  相似文献   

14.
As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.  相似文献   

15.
正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-  相似文献   

16.
We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-  相似文献   

17.
正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that  相似文献   

18.
For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the  相似文献   

19.
<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with  相似文献   

20.
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