结构钢纤维状多相复合组织的形变硬化指数

对结构钢中获得的纤维状马氏体＋贝氏体＋铁素体＋奥氏体多相复合组织的形变硬化指数及其与显微组织的关系进行了研究，采用Ｈｏｌｌｏｍｏｎ方程对应力－应变曲线进行拟合，救是ｎ值，在均匀变形阶段，该复合组织具有高的形变硬化指数，有二个ｎ值，ｎ１〉ｎ２值，其中ｎ２值与最大均匀应变εｕ，抗拉强度σｂ有明量的对应关系，随等温温度降低，ｎ２值增加εｕ，σｂ随之提高，ｎ１值主要受拉于铁素体的强化状况，ｎ２值与各相形变     

弹塑性材料杆的相变分析

针对弹塑性材料的相变问题，对弹塑性杆中的相变分别进行了小变形和大变形分析．分析表明，相变可以在能应变软化的弹塑性杆中发生，相变的Maxwell应力、弹性相和弹塑性相的应变都可以被确定．对任一条假设的应变软化曲线，Maxwell应力直线和应变软化曲线所围面积的代数和总等于零，这和Ericksen对非线性弹性杆相变研究得到的结论一致．数值算例表明，跨越弹塑性杆相变界面的应变跳越一般很大，这时用小变形分析导致的误差也很大，必须应用大变形理论对弹塑性杆的相变进行分析．     

考虑材料应变硬化和包辛格效应的厚壁筒自增强理论模型

提出了一种以材料的实际拉-压应力应变曲线为基础,考虑材料应变硬化行为和包辛格效应的厚壁管自增强理论模型．本模型通过直接对实际材料拉-压应力应变曲线进行四段拟合得到所需参数,因此能更好地反映材料的应力-应变特性,给出更精确的残余应力计算结果．模型预测的残余应力和实验测试结果与其他3种自增强理论模型预测结果进行了比较,结果表明,该模型的预测结果和实验测试值吻合,比其他理论模型给出了更精确残余应力预测结果．讨论了包辛格效应和屈服准则对筒壁残余应力的影响．理想弹塑性模型、线性强化模型以及幂硬化模型等都是本模型的特例．     

桶形基础承载力的三维弹塑性有限元分析

在经典的Drucker-Prager弹塑性本构模型基础上,通过将线性屈服准则改为抛物线型屈服准则来模拟静水压力对土体的屈服与破坏,并根据试验确定的硬化曲线建立了改进的D—P模型,使该本构模型能很好地模拟大港滩海软土的应力应变关系．利用MARC．MSC程序作为平台,建立了滩海桶形基础承载力有限元分析模型,对桶高、桶径及不同径高比的桶形基础承栽力进行分析．结果表明,实际应用时应采用径高比大于1的桶形基础．     

幂硬化对疲劳弹塑性弯曲裂纹张开位移的影响

本文主要研究了疲劳载荷作用下的硬化材料弹塑性弯曲裂纹尖端的张开位移问题.综合考虑了疲劳作用应力,塑性区域边界上正应力与剪应力,利用二阶摄动方法与卡氏定理计算了硬化材料弹塑性弯曲裂纹尖端的张开位移的最大值.作图分析了弹塑性弯曲裂纹尖端张开位移尺寸最大值与材料硬化指数之间的变化关系.在幂硬化材料中,弹塑性弯曲裂纹尖端张开位移最大值随着材料硬化指数n的增大而减少,当n等速均匀增加时,弹塑性弯曲裂纹尖端张开位移最大值加速减少,减少的幅度越来越大.当材料的硬化指数相同时,弯曲裂纹尖端张开位移最大值随外载荷的不断减小而逐渐减小.开拓了一个计算硬化材料弹塑性弯曲裂纹张开位移最大值的理论模型的崭新领域.     

扩展中裂纹尖端位移场、应变场──moire放大倍增技术在断裂力学中的应用

应用放大ｍｏｉｒｅ倍增和动态ｍｏｉｒｅ技术对软钢平面应力Ｉ型裂纹试件进行实验，得到以下主要结果，取到裂纹线弹性皮．小范围屈服，大范围屈服段，裂纹起裂，稳态扩展，稳恒扩展，失稳扩展段的裂纹尖端位移场和应变场。给出了裂纹扩展量△ａ与应变尺寸Ｒ（ε）的关系曲线。给出裂纹扩展过程中张开角ＣＯＡ的变化。对裂纹张开位移ＣＯＤ与σ／σｓ的曲线在较小范围屈服条件下与Ｗｅｌｌｓ计算结果进行了比较。对～ε０／εｓ曲线进行了讨论。     

形状记忆合金短纤维增强复合材料的热相变行为

基于Eshelby等效夹杂模型和Mori—Tanaka的场平均法，考虑到形状记忆合金材料的强物理非线性和基体材料的弹塑性，发展了增量型的等效夹杂模型．基于该模型，探讨了形状记忆合金短纤维增强弹塑性基复合材料在应力自由状态下的热相变特性，特别研究了基体材料的塑性对复合材料热相变特性的影响．计算结果表明：当基体进入屈服阶段后，在复合材料卸载过程中出现残余应力；弹塑性基体复合材料的特征相变温度偏移随纤维体积分数的变化规律与弹性基体复合材料的变化规律不同，其热相变特性有显著的区别．     

聚乙烯电缆皮形变结构的X射线衍射分析

对聚乙烯电缆皮室温单轴拉伸测试．当拉伸速度达到一定数值时,其应力（σ）-应变（ε）曲线出现"类屈服"现象．对不同形变程度（εi）的样品进行X射线衍射线形分析,结果表明,其微观畸变度（e）随形变度（ε）的变化与宏观σ-ε曲线变化规律相似．     

岩石类材料损伤局部化分叉

为获得弹塑性变形时破坏失稳的损伤效应,假定岩石类材料各向同性损伤,将损伤变量与加卸载函数引入不连续分叉方法,考虑损伤时的刚度退化和体积扩容,推导出材料损伤失稳时的最大硬化模量和局部化方向角及其与损伤程度和初始泊松比的关系,在平面应力与应变条件下对单轴拉伸压缩试件的分叉失稳进行对比分析.结果表明:局部化方向角与最大硬化模量依赖于材料的初始泊松比与损伤程度;平面应力或应变时,拉伸与压缩得到的局部化方位角之和为90°,最大硬化模量可分为平面应力与应变条件两种,与单轴拉伸或压缩条件无关.     

屈服准则与裂纹开裂判据

本文提出了在裂尖附近的弹塑性交界线上,选择并比较有关的力学参量,以预测复合型裂纹的失稳扩展的方法。分别用Mises,Tresca,Twin shear stsess屈服准则讨论了裂尖附近的塑性区形状与大小,进而在其周界上选择周向应力σ_θ,周向应变ε_θ,塑性区长度γ_P作岛裂纹失稳扩展的控制参量,以预测其失稳扩展的方向及条件。对不同准则与不同控制参量所预测的结果进行了比较。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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